<p>This paper deals with Lebesgue points and studies properties of the set of Lebesgue points for various classes of functions. We consider continuous functions, L¹ functions and Sobolev functions. In the case of uniformly continuous functions and Hölder continuous functions we develop a characterization in terms of Lebesgue points. For Sobolev functions we study the dimension of the set of non-Lebesgue points.</p>

This paper deals with Lebesgue points and studies properties of the set of Lebesgue points for various classes of functions. We consider continuous functions, L1 functions and Sobolev functions. In the case of uniformly continuous functions and Hölder continuous functions we develop a characterization in terms of Lebesgue points. For Sobolev functions we study the dimension of the set of non-Lebesgue points.

We study the Hausdorff dimension of a certain Borel measure associated to a positive weak solution of a certain quasilinear elliptic partial differential equation in a simply connected domain in the plane. We also assume that the solution vanishes on the boundary of the domain. Then it is shown that the Hausdorff dimension of this measure is less than one, equal to one, greater than one depending on the homogeneity of the certain function. This work generalizes the work of Makarov when the partial differential equation is the usual Laplace's equation and the work of Lewis and his coauthors when it is the p-Laplace's equation.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第22534号 / 人博第937号 / 新制||人||223(附属図書館) / 2019||人博||937(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 大輝, 教授 上木 直昌, 准教授 木坂 正史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

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This thesis concerns an active research area within fractal geometry. In the first part, in Chapters 2 and 3, for directed graph iterated function systems (IFSs) defined on ℝ, we prove that a class of 2-vertex directed graph IFSs have attractors that cannot be the attractors of standard (1-vertex directed graph) IFSs, with or without separation conditions. We also calculate their exact Hausdorff measure. Thus we are able to identify a new class of attractors for which the exact Hausdorff measure is known. We give a constructive algorithm for calculating the set of gap lengths of any attractor as a finite union of cosets of finitely generated semigroups of positive real numbers. The generators of these semigroups are contracting similarity ratios of simple cycles in the directed graph. The algorithm works for any IFS defined on ℝ with no limit on the number of vertices in the directed graph, provided a separation condition holds. The second part, in Chapter 4, applies to directed graph IFSs defined on ℝⁿ . We obtain an explicit calculable value for the power law behaviour as r → 0⁺ , of the qth packing moment of μ[subscript(u)], the self-similar measure at a vertex u, for the non-lattice case, with a corresponding limit for the lattice case. We do this (i) for any q ∈ ℝ if the strong separation condition holds, (ii) for q ≥ 0 if the weaker open set condition holds and a specified non-negative matrix associated with the system is irreducible. In the non-lattice case this enables the rate of convergence of the packing L[superscript(q)]-spectrum of μ[subscript(u)] to be determined. We also show, for (ii) but allowing q ∈ ℝ, that the upper multifractal q box-dimension with respect to μ[subscript(u)], of the set consisting of all the intersections of the components of F[subscript(u)], is strictly less than the multifractal q Hausdorff dimension with respect to μ[subscript(u)] of F[subscript(u)].

On étudie dans cette thèse la régularité des cônes et d'ensembles de dimension 3 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4.Dans la première partie, on étudie d'abord la régularité Bi-Hölderienne des cônes minimaux de dimension 3 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4. Ceci nous permet ensuite de montrer qu'il existe un difféomorphisme locale entre un cône minimal de dimension 3 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4 et un cône minimal de dimension 3, de type P, Y ou T, loin d'origine. La méthode est la même que pour les ensembles minimaux de dimension 2. On construit des compétiteurs et on se ramène aux situations connues des ensembles minimaux de dimension 2 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 3.Dans la deuxième partie, on utilise le résultat de la première partie pour donner quelques résultats de régularité Bi-Hölderienne pour les ensembles minimaux de dimension 3 dans l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4. On s'intéresse aussi aux ensembles minimaux de Mumford-Shah et on obtient un résultat de l'existence d'un point de type T. / In this thesis we study the problems of regularity of three-dimensional minimal cones and sets in l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4In the first part we study the Hölder regularity for minimal cones of dimension 3 in l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4. Then we use this for showing that there exists a local diffeomorphic mapping between a minimal cone of dimension 3 and a minimal cone of dimension 3 of type P, Y or T, away from the origin. The techniques used here are the same as the ones for the regularity of two-dimensional minimal sets. We construct some competitors to reduce to the known situation of two-dimensional minimal sets in l'espace Euclidien de dimension 3.In the second part, we use the first part to give somme results of the Hölder regularity for three-dimensional minimal sets in l'espace Euclidien de dimension 4. We interested also in Mumford-Shah minimal sets and we get a result of the existence of a T-point.

Cette thèse s’intéresse principalement à l’existence et à la régularité desensembles minimaux. On commence par montrer, dans le chapitre 3, que le problème de Plateau étudié par Reifenberg admet au moins une solution. C’est-à-dire que, si l’onse donne un ensemble compact B⊂R^n et un sous-groupe L du groupe d’homologie de Čech H_(d-1) (B;G) de dimension (d-1) sur un groupe abelien G, on montre qu’il existe un ensemble compact E⊃B tel que L est contenu dans le noyau de l’homomorphisme H_(d-1) (B;G)→H_(d-1) (E;G) induit par l’application d’inclusion B→E, et pour lequel la mesure de Hausdorff H^d (E∖B) est minimale (sous ces contraintes). Ensuite, on montre au chapitre 4, que pour tout ensemble presque minimal glissant E de dimension 2, dans un domaine régulier Σ ressemblant localement à un demi espace, associé à la frontière glissante ∂Σ, et tel que E⊃∂Σ, il se trouve qu’à la frontière E est localement équivalent, par un homéomorphisme biHöldérien qui préserve la frontière, à un cône minimal glissant contenu dans un demi plan Ω, avec frontière glissante ∂Ω. De plus les seuls cônes minimaux possibles dans ce cas sont ∂Ω seul, ou son union avec un cône de type P_+ ou Y_+. / This thesis focuses on the existence and regularity of minimal sets. First we show, in Chapter 3, that there exists (at least) a minimizerfor Reifenberg Plateau problems. That is, Given a compact set B⊂R^n, and a subgroup L of the Čech homology group H_(d-1) (B;G) of dimension (d-1)over an abelian group G, we will show that there exists a compact set E⊃B such that L is contained in the kernel of the homomorphism H_(d-1) (B;G)→H_(d-1) (E;G) induced by the natural inclusion map B→E, and such that the Hausdorff measure H^d (E∖B) is minimal under these constraints. Next we will show, in Chapter 4, that if E is a sliding almost minimal set of dimension 2, in a smooth domain Σ that looks locally like a half space, and with sliding boundary , and if in addition E⊃∂Σ, then, near every point of the boundary ∂Σ, E is locally biHölder equivalent to a sliding minimal cone (in a half space Ω, and with sliding boundary ∂Ω). In addition the only possible sliding minimal cones in this case are ∂Ω or the union of ∂Ω with a cone of type P_+ or Y_+.

We introduce methods to cope with self-similar sets when we do not assume any separation condition. For a self-similar set K ⊆ ℝᵈ we establish a similarity dimension-like formula for Hausdorff dimension regardless of any separation condition. By the application of this result we deduce that the Hausdorff measure and Hausdorff content of K are equal, which implies that K is Ahlfors regular if and only if Hᵗ (K) > 0 where t = dim[sub]H K. We further show that if t = dim[sub]H K < 1 then Hᵗ (K) > 0 is also equivalent to the weak separation property. Regarding Hausdorff dimension, we give a dimension approximation method that provides a tool to generalise results on non-overlapping self-similar sets to overlapping self-similar sets. We investigate how the Hausdorff dimension and measure of a self-similar set K ⊆ ℝᵈ behave under linear mappings. This depends on the nature of the group T generated by the orthogonal parts of the defining maps of K. We show that if T is finite then every linear image of K is a graph directed attractor and there exists at least one projection of K such that the dimension drops under projection. In general, with no restrictions on T we establish that Hᵗ (L ∘ O(K)) = Hᵗ (L(K)) for every element O of the closure of T , where L is a linear map and t = dim[sub]H K. We also prove that for disjoint subsets A and B of K we have that Hᵗ (L(A) ∩ L(B)) = 0. Hochman and Shmerkin showed that if T is dense in SO(d; ℝ) and the strong separation condition is satisfied then dim[sub]H (g(K)) = min {dim[sub]H K; l} for every continuously differentiable map g of rank l. We deduce the same result without any separation condition and we generalize a result of Eroğlu by obtaining that Hᵗ (g(K)) = 0. We show that for the attractor (K1, … ,Kq) of a graph directed iterated function system, for each 1 ≤ j ≤ q and ε > 0 there exists a self-similar set K ⊆ Kj that satisfies the strong separation condition and dim[sub]H Kj - ε < dim[sub]H K. We show that we can further assume convenient conditions on the orthogonal parts and similarity ratios of the defining similarities of K. Using this property we obtain results on a range of topics including on dimensions of projections, intersections, distance sets and sums and products of sets. We study the situations where the Hausdorff measure and Hausdorff content of a set are equal in the critical dimension. Our main result here shows that this equality holds for any subset of a set corresponding to a nontrivial cylinder of an irreducible subshift of finite type, and thus also for any self-similar or graph directed self-similar set, regardless of separation conditions. The main tool in the proof is an exhaustion lemma for Hausdorff measure based on the Vitali's Covering Theorem. We also give several examples showing that one cannot hope for the equality to hold in general if one moves in a number of the natural directions away from `self-similar'. Finally we consider an analogous version of the problem for packing measure. In this case we need the strong separation condition and can only prove that the packing measure and δ-approximate packing pre-measure coincide for sufficiently small δ > 0.