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Spatial vulnerability analysis and thematic mapping of urban floods: A case study of 100-year floodplain areas of Birmingham, AlabamaHossain, Mohammad Khalid 25 November 2020 (has links)
The social and economic impact of urban flooding is becoming more severe in the United States over time. Urban areas are mostly vulnerable to flash floods because of the impervious surface, which increases the surface runoff. More than 80 percent of people live in urban areas in the United States, and they are at higher risk of urban flooding. Although many urban areas have a higher risk of urban flooding, there is still a significant knowledge gap of understanding between the minority's and nonminority's vulnerability to urban floods. Therefore, using Birmingham, Alabama, as a study area, this research designs a quantitative thematic mapping method to assess the flood risks of urban population and buildings. In this research, census data was used to assess urban residents' vulnerability to flooding using thematic mapping method – location quotient (LQ) and compare it with the widely used social vulnerability index. The findings suggest that the aggregation of White populations is much higher compared to minorities. This research also developed a flood risk model using integrated GIS and cartographic approach considering different environmental factors that influence the urban floods. This study found that the Valley Creek area is the highest flood risk zone in Birmingham, and has the highest percentage of residential (i.e., 56.14 %) and commercial (i.e., 75.34 %) buildings located in very high flood risk areas. The decennial census data from 1990 to 2015 was used to examine whether vulnerable population groups aggregated more in the flooding areas or moved away from Birmingham's flooding areas in the past thirty years. The findings of this research indicate that most minorities are aggregating more in the floodplain areas, whereas the non-minorities are moving away from the flooding regions.
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Improving Workers' Safety and Health in the Zimbabwean Mining and Quarrying IndustryMabika, Bernard 01 January 2018 (has links)
Lack of effective occupational safety and health (OSH) strategies is a reason that
workplace accidents in the mining and quarrying industry remain high, making the
industry one of the riskiest operations worldwide. The purpose of this multiple case study
was to explore successful strategies mining and quarrying leaders in Zimbabwe used to
improve OSH. The key research question addressed successful strategies leaders in the
mining and quarrying industry use to improve employee occupational safety and health in
Zimbabwe. Six successful business leaders from 3 mining and quarrying mines in
Zimbabwe demonstrated an exception to unsafe practices, particularly through their
exceptional OSH improvement records. The conceptual framework of the study was
Deming's plan-do-study-act cycle theory. Data were gathered through review of
company documents, and in-depth interviews with 6 mining and quarrying leaders in
Zimbabwe who had successfully improved OSH strategies in the workplace. Transcribed
interview data were classified, coded, and analyzed. Themes that emerged included
organizational culture, compliance with rules and regulations, and accident prevention.
The results of the study indicate that successful OSH leaders designed the workplace,
trained and developed employees, and empowered and equipped employees with the
relevant skills and knowledge. The findings support positive social change by providing
mining and quarrying leaders with knowledge and skills to improve OSH strategies in the
workplace, thereby promoting a safe workplace and zero accident tolerance in the
workforce and the community.
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