Incorporating safety in the design of a highway is one of the foremost duties of a design engineer. Design guidelines provide standards that help engineers include safety in the design of various geometric features. However, design guidelines are not frequently revised and do not accommodate for the frequent changes in vehicle design. One such example is the change in vehicle headlamps. These changes significantly impact the illuminance provided on the road and in turn the design formula. Roadway visibility is critical for nighttime driving. In the absence of roadway lighting, vehicle headlamps illuminate the road ahead of a vehicle. Sag vertical curve design depends on the available headlight sight distance provided by the 1 degree upward diverging headlamp beam. The sag curve design formulas were developed in the early 1940s when sealed beam headlamps were predominant. However, headlamps have changed significantly and modern headlamps project less light above the horizontal axis. In this research, the difference in illuminance provided by sealed beam headlamps and modern headlamps was examined. For the theoretical analysis, three different sag curves were analyzed. On these curves, about 26 percent reduction in illuminance was observed at a distance equal to the stopping sight distance when comparing sealed beam to modern headlamps. A change in the headlamp divergence angle from 1.0 degree to 0.85 degree will provide the required illuminance on the road when using modern headlamps. A field study was performed to validate the theoretical calculations. It was observed that for modern headlamps, a divergence angle less than 1 degree and greater than 0.5 degrees will provide illuminance values comparable to sealed beam headlamps. As a part of this research, a preliminary study, examining the impact of degraded headlamp lenses on the illuminance provided on sag vertical curves was conducted. A significant reduction in illuminance reaching the roadway on sag curves was observed, due to headlamp lens degradation.

This research effort focused on ascertaining the headlamp technology (of the eleven specified) that minimized the amount of discomfort glare and maximized the visibility of three types of pavement marking materials used in the study. Two baseline conditions, halogen low beam (HLB) and high-intensity discharge (HID) were measured both individually and in combination with three levels of UV-A. In addition, three other headlamp configurations were evaluated. Discomfort glare was measured subjectively for each headlamp configuration. Pavement marking visibility was directly measured via pavement marking detection distances. Thirty participants representing three age groups participated in this study: young (18-25 years old), middle (40-50 years old), and older (60 years and older). The headlamp technology and the pavement marking material needed to be beneficial for all age groups as all would potentially use the new technology if it were implemented in vehicles and roadways in the future. Participants evaluated discomfort glare at both a far and close distance using the nine-point DeBoer scale and evaluated pavement marking visibility by indicating when they could see the first and last pavement markings in each of the three sections. Overall, it was found that the HID configurations (HID, Middle UV-A + HID, High UV-A + HID) with a sharp cut-off beam pattern provided the least amount of discomfort glare. In contrast, the halogen configurations (HLB, Hybrid UV-A + HLB, Middle UV-A + HLB, High UV-A + HLB) and high output halogen with a straight-ahead beam pattern provided the longest detection distances. Two of the pavement markings: a two part liquid system (developed by 3M) and a fluorescent paint provided longer detection distances than a thermoplastic marking. / Master of Science

This master thesis deals with computing of mechanicals properties of parts of headlamps. Parts of headlamps are defined with two different material models, linear material model and material model from Moldflow method. The problem is solved by computational modeling with finite element method using Autodesk Moldflow Insight, Ansys 17.2 and Ansys 18.2 with included Moldsim tool. The outputs are calculations of mechanical properties and comparison of both material models.

My concept of a premium car conforms to all the requirements of the premium car segment. The car should at first sight look majestic. Strong styling is supplemented with luxury elements. The applied engine comprises contemporary technological transition to alternative engines. What makes this project more conceptual is taking advantage of advanced technology. This diploma project is not designed for any known car manufacturer. This method is demanding because the final concept cannot be associated with any known brand and at the same time offers maximum freedom of styling.

This thesis deals with design and creation of user-friendly computer application, which is in the simple and intuitive way capable of creating animation scripts for animated features of headlamps and tail lamps used in automotive industry. Part of this solution is visualization of these scripts using miniature computer Raspberry PI and suitable diplay device.