<p> Therapeutic treatment facilities that support adolescents in the criminal justice system in reforming delinquent behaviors are being used across the country as an intervention alternative to more punitive correctional facilities. Cognitive behavioral therapeutic techniques are the current primary treatment method used in such facilities, which has left them void of any depth psychological or psychodynamic modalities. Although cognitive behavioral therapy provides useful tools in supporting a patient&rsquo;s emotional awareness and affect regulation, it falls short in tending to the whole of an individual&rsquo;s psychic needs and drives. Using hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this thesis focuses on how a combination of depth psychological tools and psychodynamic conceptualizations of the adolescent psyche could increase treatment efficacy and client engagement. Using depth psychological and psychodynamic literature as well as this author&rsquo;s own professional experience in the field, this thesis examines the benefits of depth psychological methods in adolescent court-mandated treatment facilities.</p>

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Texas at Arlington, 2008.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 103 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-75).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [179]-221). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [179]-221). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

<p> Connections within communities have been recognized as a protective factor in the experience of collective trauma, yet many interventions have not accounted for the potential disruptions to connections within communities. The purpose of this dissertation project is to broaden the knowledge of ways to generate community connectedness through culturally appropriate and systemic interventions directed at social networks and communities, and the methodologies to implement them. One of the most notable findings following terrorism and immense psychosocial trauma is that family, community, and social network supports are the most significant factors in promoting recovery and preventing long-term mental health difficulties. This project utilized a content analysis of theoretical foundations and professional counselor competencies, which provided empirical evidence as to how community connectedness emerges following a collective trauma event. Given the significance for building community connectedness into collective trauma responses (Breckenridge &amp; James, 2012; Charuvastra &amp; Cloitre, 2008; Flynn, 2007; Hobfoll et al., 2007; Landau, 2012; Mears, 2008; Saul, 2014; Saul &amp; Bava, 2009; Shultz, Cattaneo, Sabina, Brunner, Jackson, &amp; Serrata, 2016), and the call for more leadership from counselors by CACREP (2016) in the area of disasters and crises, this project provides an instructional manual for mental health professionals who are called upon after a collective trauma. This instructional manual offers interventions and models to facilitate long-term post disaster recovery after a collective trauma.</p><p>

<p> This exploratory single case study assessed the effectiveness of a new body-based art psychotherapy intervention to address trauma and, thereby, promote constructive change in an individual who perpetrated inter-partner violence (IPV). The participant was a single Spanish-speaking 42-year-old heterosexual Mexican immigrant male with a history of psychological trauma. The therapy was conducted over the course of 2 years within an existential framework and addressed the following themes: relationships, childhood trauma and abuse, masculine ideology and IPV, and anger and related feelings. Furthermore, the intervention, which included a breathing practice grounded in Jin Shin Jyutsu (energy work), was implemented for the purpose of fostering the embodiment/internalization of material examined in therapy. Because breathing helps modulate affect, the breathing practice increased the client&rsquo;s capacity to work through his childhood trauma and enabled him to somatically access feelings, memories, and unconscious material. It also contributed to the client&rsquo;s development of insight and awareness concerning emotions and deepened his spirituality. Equally important, the intervention included an art therapy process that encouraged the client to externalize difficult feelings that he might otherwise not have been able to articulate. The Formal Elements of Art Therapy Scale (FEATS) detected the client&rsquo;s depression in his artwork at a critical point in the therapy. Over time, the participant&rsquo;s artwork showed changes not only in the themes depicted, but in the clarity and fluidity of the images he created. The results of this study suggest that this intervention might be a viable treatment for addressing trauma in men who perpetrate IPV. Furthermore, because this intervention increases self-awareness, self-understanding, and the motivation to change, it could be explored as a treatment for other mental health conditions, including with other populations and in group settings. </p><p>

<p> The present study investigated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress and resiliency among college students in Cambodia. The study further identified the impact of socio-demographic factors including gender, place of upbringing, religious affiliation, and perceived financial status on the mental health and resilience of Cambodian college students. Significant predictors influencing depression, anxiety, and stress were identified. The present study was conducted among 529 Khmer students sampled from public and private institutions in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Results found the sample to have mild to moderate levels of depression (M=6.85), moderate anxiety (M=6.61), and mild levels of stress (M=8.90). However, analysis of the severity of distribution explained that 44.6%, 54.2%, and 37.5% of students experienced symptoms above the moderate levels for depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Results showed 89.8 % of students reported high levels of resiliency. Significant differences in level of depression, anxiety, and resilience were found based on students&rsquo; perceived financial status. Additionally, differences in resiliency were observed based on gender. While no socio-demographic or protective factors were predictive of stress, perceived financial status and resilience were found to be significant predictors of depression and anxiety among college students in Cambodia. Implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.</p><p>

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences (School of Public Health), University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Public Health in the field of Social and Behaviour Change Communication 4 June 2019, Johannesburg / Introduction HIV Testing Services (HTS) represents a critical entry point for reducing HIV risk through personalised counselling and testing (Colpin, 2006, Denison et al., 2008; Fonner, 2014). Despite the significant uptake of HTS since 2010, personal risk perception among South Africans remains low, with individuals continuing to engage in risky sexual behaviour (Statistics South Africa, 2017). This raises concerns about the quality and effectiveness of HTS in reducing HIV risk among HTS clients. In seeking to understand how best to strengthen HTS, lay counsellors who work at the forefront of HTS provision are primary targets for inquiry. This study sought to explore the experiences and perceptions of community-based HTS lay counsellors of providing HTS, the strategies they use to reduce HIV risk among diverse clients, and their perceptions of HTS training and supervision. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 community-based HTS counsellors at three government-accredited HTS sites in Gauteng and North West provinces. Ethical clearance was obtained in April 2015 and the interviews were conducted from July- October 2015. Interviews were audio-recorded, professionally transcribed, and coded using MaxQDA. Inductive and deductive thematic analysis was used to meet the study objectives. Results The HTS lay counsellors came from diverse personal and educational backgrounds. Their HTS training was not standardised, differing in scope, depth, and duration. Their sector influenced their scope of practice, remuneration and relationship with the Department of Health. HTS Counsellors tended to follow a client-centred approach to HIV counselling; balancing general HIV education with more tailored prevention counselling. Gender norms appeared to influence risk-reduction counselling, in which counsellors advised men to use condoms and women to be faithful to their partners. Counsellors resisted the notion of differential risk among HTS clients, and offered generic, simplified prevention messages tailored to clients‘ age and gender. Counsellors seldom explored known risk factors for HIV infection, such as alcohol and drug abuse, anal sex, and gender-based violence with clients. They prioritised post-test counselling for HIV-positive clients and tended to neglect post-test counselling for HIV-negative clients. . Counsellors recommended regular in-service training, enhanced supervision and debriefing, and formal recognition of the field through establishing standardised guidelines, career paths and a professional body. Discussion This study confirms previous research on the sub-optimal quality of risk-reduction counselling, which varies between sites and counsellors. Although HTS counsellors follow the nationally prescribed, client-centred approach, there is limited evidence that this approach effectively reduces HIV risk (Peltzer et al., 2013). In contrast, theory-based approaches, such as Motivational Behavioural Interviewing, which has effectively reduced unprotected sex, alcohol use before sex, number of sexual partners, and transactional sex among high risk groups globally and in South Africa (Petersen et al., 2014, Simbayi et al., 2004).were largely absent in HTS programmes covered in this study. The HTS lay counsellors in this study are among those who have contributed significantly to the rapid scale up of HTS in South Africa. However, they identified structural challenges detrimental to their work performance and motivation. HTS counsellors are not formally recognised or included within national human resources for health plans, and their job profiles and remuneration are not standardised. The inconsistent management and unfair treatment described by counsellors in this study has been reported across the country (Medecins Sans Frontieres, 2015). Conclusions The major recommendations that emerged from this study include the need for the government to create a supportive legal and policy framework to guide the integration of HTS counsellors into the formal health care system. This could happen by establishing a professional body for HTS counsellors and updating the minimum standards for HTS. Quality could be improved by training counsellors on use of individual and social theories of behaviour change (Petersen et al., 2014) and standardising HTS training curricula at national levels. Strengthening HTS vsupervision to ensure quality HTS counselling and testing nationally is also needed. Overall, this study confirmed that further research is needed to improve the quality of risk reduction interventions in HTS and develop a coherent framework for the integration of lay counsellors into the South African health and social service sectors. / E.K. 2019