In this study, the thermal management system of a notebook computer is investigated by using a commercial finite volume Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. After taking the computer apart, all dimensions are measured and all major components are modeled as accurately as possible. Heat dissipation values and necessary characteristics of the components are obtained from the manufacturer&#039 / s specifications. The different heat dissipation paths that are utilized in the design are investigated. Two active fans and aluminum heat dissipation plates as well as the heat pipe system are modeled according to their specifications. The first and second order discretization schemes as well as two different mesh densities are investigated as modeling choices. Under different operating powers, adequacy of the existing thermal management system is observed. Average and maximum temperatures of the internal components are reported in the form of tables. Thermal resistance networks for five different operating conditions are obtained from the analysis of the CFD simulation results. Temperature distributions on the top surface of the chassis where the keyboard and touchpad are located are investigated considering the user comfort.

As the demand for high performance small electronic devices has increased, heat removal from these devices for space use is approaching critical limits. A heat pipe is a promising device to enhance the heat removal performance due to the phase change phenomena for space thermal management system. Even though a heat pipe has a big potential to remove the thermal energy from a high heat flux source, the heat removal performance of heat pipes cannot be predicted well since the first principle of evaporation has not been established. The purpose of this study is to establish a method to apply the evaporation model based on the statistical rate theory for engineering application including vapor-liquid-structure intermolecular effect. The evaporation model is applied to the heat pipe performance analysis through a pressure balance and an energy balance in the loop heat pipe.

<p>Impulse technology is a process in which water is removedfrom a wet paper web by the combined action of mechanicalpressure and intense heat. This results in increased dewateringrates, increased smoothness on the roll side of the sheet, andincreased density. Although the potential benefits of impulsepressing have been debated over the past thirty years, itsindustrial acceptance has been prevented by web delamination,which is defined as a reduction in the z-directional strengthof paper.</p><p>This thesis deals with the mechanism of heat transfer withphase change during impulse pressing of wet paper. The resultsof four complementary experimental studies suggest that littleor no steam is formed in an impulse nip prior to the point ofmaximum applied load. As the nip is unloaded and the hydraulicpressure decreases, hot liquid water flashes to steam. Weadvance the argument that the force expressed upon flashing canbe used to displace liquid water, in a mechanism similar tothat originally proposed by Wahren. Additionally, modelexperiments performed in a novel experimental facility suggestthat the strength of flashing-assisted displacement dewateringcan be maximized by controlling the direction of steam venting.If this solution could be exploited in a commercially viableimpulse press, delamination would cease to be an issue ofconcern.</p><p>The thesis includes a study of the web structure ofdelaminated paper. Here, we characterized delaminated paper bythe changes in transverse permeability and cross-sectionalsolidity profiles measured as a function of pressingtemperature. We found no evidence that wet pressing and impulsepressing induced stratification in non-delaminated sheets andconcluded that the parabolic solidity profiles observed weredue to capillary forces present during drying. Further, thepermeability of mechanically compressed never-dried samples wasfound to be essentially constant for pressing temperatureslower than the atmospheric boiling point of water and toincrease significantly at higher pressing temperatures. Wepropose this to be a result of damage to the cell wall materialdue to flashing of hot liquid water in the fiber walls andlumina.</p><p>Finally, we present a method and an apparatus formeasurement of the thermal properties of water-saturated paperwebs at temperatures and pressures of interest for commercialhigh-intensity processes. After validation, the method wassuccessfully applied to measure the thermal conductivity,thermal diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity ofwater-saturated blotter paper as functions of temperature andsolids content. Here, we found that the thermal conductivityincreased with solids content in the range from 30%\ to 55%,which is in conflict with the commonly stated assumptions of adecreasing trend. We propose that this discrepancy could be dueto the thermal conductivity of air-free fibers wetted byunpressable water only, being significantly different from thatof dry cellulose.</p>

abstract: Evacuated tube solar thermal collector arrays have a wide range of applications. While most of these applications are limited in performance due to relatively low maximum operating temperatures, these collectors can still be useful in low grade thermal systems. An array of fifteen Apricus AP-30 evacuated tube collectors was designed, assembled, and tested on the Arizona State University campus in Tempe, AZ. An existing system model was reprogrammed and updated for increased flexibility and ease of use. The model predicts the outlet temperature of the collector array based on the specified environmental conditions. The model was verified through a comparative analysis to the data collected during a three-month test period. The accuracy of this model was then compared against data calculated from the Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC) efficiency curve to determine the relative performance. It was found that both the original and updated models were able to generate reasonable predictions of the performance of the collector array with overall average percentage errors of 1.0% and 1.8%, respectively. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2011

abstract: ABSTRACT Electronics especially mobile electronics such as smart phones, tablet PCs, notebooks and digital cameras are undergoing rapid development nowadays and have thoroughly changed our lives. With the requirement of more transistors, higher power, smaller size, lighter weight and even bendability, thermal management of these devices became one of the key challenges. Compared to active heat management system, heat pipe, which is a passive fluidic system, is considered promising to solve this problem. However, traditional heat pipes have size, weight and capillary limitation. Thus new type of heat pipe with smaller size, lighter weight and higher capillary pressure is needed. Nanofiber has been proved with superior properties and has been applied in multiple areas. This study discussed the possibility of applying nanofiber in heat pipe as new wick structure. In this study, a needleless electrospinning device with high productivity rate was built onsite to systematically investigate the effect of processing parameters on fiber properties as well as to generate nanofiber mat to evaluate its capability in electronics cooling. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) nanofibers were generated. Tensiometer was used for wettability measurement. The results show that independent parameters including spinneret type, working distance, solution concentration and polymer type are strongly correlated with fiber morphology compared to other parameters. The results also show that the fabricated nanofiber mat has high capillary pressure. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2014

Le caloduc oscillant est étudié depuis plus d'une vingtaine d'années, mais n'est utilisé, pour l'instant,que pour le refroidissement de composants électroniques. Il y a actuellement un engouement pour élargir l'utilisation de cette technologie au refroidissement d'équipements dissipatifs embarqués. Toutefois, malgré de nombreuses études expérimentales et numériques, Je comportement chaotique d'un caloduc oscillant rend difficile la prévision de son fonctionnement dans des conditions encore jamais rencontrées. Avant de pouvoir l'implémenter dans une application liée au transport, il est nécessaire de s'intéresser aux conditions sévères qu'un caloduc oscillant pourrait rencontrer dans un tel contexte.La présente étude porte sur la validation expérimentale de l'utilisation d'un caloduc oscillant sous diverses conditions sévères. Pour cela, un premier dispositif permet l'observation du comportement du caloduc oscillant lors de variations temporelles des conditions opératoires observées durant un trajet aérien type, ou durant La présence de vibrations mécaniques. Le caloduc oscillant prouve ainsi son utilisation possible dans ce contexte. Deux autres dispositifs permettent l'analyse des performances et limites de fonctionnement pour des puissances (8,4 kW) et densités de puissances thermiques (53 W/cm2) bien supérieures à ce qui est observé classiquement dans la littérature. L'eau s'est montrée le fluide. le plus propice à ces niveaux de puissances,comparée au pentane et au méthanol. Ces deux dispositifs permettent également l'observation du comportement lors d'une répartition uniforme ou non de la puissance thermique injectée sur différentes sources chaudes. Des études paramétriques ont été menées sur les différents dispositifs pour les trois fluides de travail, couplées à des visualisations infrarouges, et permettent d'approfondir la compréhension de l'influence des conditions opératoires: le taux de remplissage, la répartition de la puissance et la température de source froide influencent de façon importante non seulement les performances, mais aussi la limite d'assèchement du caloduc oscillant. / The pulsating heat pipe has been studied for more than twenty years, but is, for the time being, only used for the cooling of electronic components. Tbere is currently a keen interest in expanding the use of this technology to the cooling of embedded dissipative equipment. However, despite numerous experimental and numerical studies, the chaotic behavior of an pulsating heat pipe makes it difficult to predict its functioning under conditions never before encountered. Before being able to implement it in a transport-related application,it is necessary to consider the severe conditions that a pulsating heat pipe could encounter in such a context.The present study deals with the experimental validation of the use of a pulsating heat pipe under various severe conditions. For this purpose, a first device is made to observe the behavior of the pulsating heat pipe during temporal variations of the operating conditions observed during a typical flight or during the presence of mechanical vibrations. The pulsating heat pipe thus proves its possible use in this context. Two other devices serve the analysis of performance and operating limits for powers (8.4 kW) and heat flux densities(53 W/cm2) much higher than conventionally observed in the literature. Water is the most favorable fluid at these power levels, compared to pentane and methanol. These two devices also make it possible to observe the behavior during a uniform or non-uniform distribution of the injected thermal power on various hot sources. Parametric studies have been carried out on the various devices for the three working fluids, coupled with infrared visualizations, to deepen the understanding of the influence of the operating conditions: the filling ratio,power distribution and cold source temperature not only significantly influence performance but also the drying limit of the pulsating heat pipe.

Ce mémoire présente l’étude du refroidissement diphasique passif d’un décodeur de télévision par le biais d’un caloduc. Il se décompose en deux grandes parties : une étude numérique des caloducs, afin de déterminer les caractéristiques géométriques et physico-chimiques des calo-ducs dans le but de refroidir de manière optimale le décodeur TV. Deux analyses numériques sont effectuées : une première qui est analytique, qui repose sur des simplifications afin d’établir une formule simple du flux maximal que l’on peut dissiper avec un caloduc dont on connais les caractéristiques demandées. Une vérification est de surcrois effectuée pour déterminer si le ca-loduc déterminé ne rentre pas dans des limitations inhérentes aux écoulements diphasiques. Dif-férents fluides sont testés. Une seconde simulation est effectuée, comportant une étude hydrau-lique couuplée a un modèle hydraulique pour simuler toutes les propriétés à l’intérieur du calo-duc, comme le rayon capillaire, les pressions, les vitesses des fluides. Cette simulation est effec-tuée grace a une méthode Runge-Kutta d’un système d’équations différentielles non linéaires couplées. La partie experimentale comporte elle aussi deux sections distinctes. La première con-siste à tester différents caloducs, afin d’optimiser leur fonctionnement lorsqu’ils sont soumis à des puissances données.Pour ce faire, un banc d’essai a été monté et un système de remplissage a été développé afin de répondre aux enjeux de la mise en place d’un caloduc. Plusieurs taux de remplissages, plusieurs fludies et différentes ailettes sont testées. Enfin, le caloduc présentant les meilleures performances est testé sur le décodeur, après avoir au préalable caractérisé le com-portement de celui-ci en fonctionnement normal. / This report presents the study of a passive two-phase cooling of a television decoder using heat pipe. It is composed into two main parts: a first part concerns the numerical studies and the second an experimentalstudy. Numerical study is conducted in order to determine the geometric and physico-chemicalcharacteristics of heat pipes in order to optimally cool the TV decoder. Two numerical analyses arecarried out: a first one, which is analytical model that is based on the global study of the heat pipe inorder to determine the maximum heat flux that can be dissipated. Different working fluid could bestudied and various architectural design of heat pipe are tested. Different fluids are tested in order todetermine the best configuration of the micro-channel respecting heat pipes working limitations. Asecond model is carried out to characterize the local physical parameters such as: pressure in the liquidand vapour phases, temperature, thermal resistances, capillary radius, etc. This second simulation iscarried out by a Runge-Kutta method to solve differential equations. In the experimental part, an experimentalset up is has been installed in the laboratory to study heat pipes performances under variousexperimental conditions. A filling system has been developed for heat pipes in order to test variousworking fluids and different charges. Finally, the best configuration of the heat pipe is tested to coolOrange decoder. Different tests are conducted previously in order to make characterization of the conventionalcooling system and heat pipe cooling mod.

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