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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Izolace alkaloidů z prameničky obecné (Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.) / Alkaloid isolation from Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.

Malá, Marie January 2012 (has links)
Marie Malá, Isolation of alkaloids from Fontinalis antipyretica, thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty Of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 2012, 55 pages. The thesis Isolation of alkaloids from Fontinalis antipyretica, deals with quantification and isolation of substances of alkaloid character from above mentioned moss. The plant material collected in different localities in Czech Republic was extracted with methanol. The extract was subesquently used for isolation of alkaloids by HPLC method. The obtained amount of β-Carboline alkaloid was 2,4mg. The results of HPLC analysis (retention time, spectrum) of this sample were compared to harmalol standard and found the same. Finally the H NMR analysis proved, that the substance obtained by this experiment is not harmalol, but someother β-Carboline alkaloid.
2

Obsah alkaloidů a flavonoidů v prameničce obecné / Alkaloid and flavonoid content in Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.

Ptáčníková, Lucie January 2012 (has links)
Lucie Ptáčníková, The volume of alkaloids and flavonoids in Fontinalis antipyretica, Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, thesis tutor: PharmDr. Jan Martin, PhD., Hradec Králové, 2012, 55 pages. Thesis called "Content of alkaloids and flavonoids in Fontinalis anitpyretica" establishes alkaloids and flavonoids and identifies one substance of these alkaloids in the above-mentioned water moss. The main purpose of this thesis was to obtain samples of Fontinalis antipyretica from selected locations in the Czech Republic (Ledce, Rychnovek, Kunvald). Next purpose was to determine alkaloids and flavonoids of collected material, isolated one substance of alkaloid character and verify identity of selected alkaloid. The content of alkaloids and flavonoids was determined by using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that β - carboline alkaloid harmin was determined by consensus UV spectrum and retention time with standard. Consequently flavonoids called myricetin and hyperosid was determined. Identity of β - carboline alkaloid harmin was verified by using NMR analysis. Keywords: alkaloids - harmalol - harmin - Fontinalis antipyretica - flavonoids
3

Análise evolutiva de genes de homeostase de ferro e de elementos repetitivos em espécies modelo / Evolutive analysis of iron uptake genes and repetitive elements in model plant species

Victoria, Filipe de Carvalho 27 May 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_filipe_de_carvalho_victoria.pdf: 30767989 bytes, checksum: d4b2b8995ad70a6cbd4d6e6ff672fa95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-27 / Iron is an essential element for plant development, involved in metabolic processes, such respiration and photosynthesis. However, data regarding the genotype by environment interaction are lacking. Comparative analysis with lower plant groups and crop plants can increase the understanding about these processes. The use of bryophytes as model plants rise as a promising strategy since they present simpler patterns of development. The present work aimed to identify the occurrence patterns of molecular markers in model plant species, as well as to infer about the phylogenetical relationships of gene families related with iron homoestasis in plants, allowing the development of tranfer strategies of genomic data across model and orphan species. Using bioinformatics tools, a survey analysis was performed to detect repetitive elements in EST banks of eleven plant species. To validate the SSR markers found, 100 primer pairs were developed on the microsatelite sequences obtained for Physcomitrella patens Brid. and tested against genomic DNA of Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. Phylogenetic and divergence time analysis was performed for the gene families Iron Regulated Transporter (IRT), Ferric Redectase Oxidase (FRO), Nicotinamide synthase (NAS), Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) and Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein (NRAMP), related to the iron homoestasis, with help of the Bayesian inference and using the rice, Arabidopsis and P. patens genes for the Blast search in distinct land plants species. Also, primers for transposable elements recognizably related to Ysl genes were developed and applied jointly with the SSR primers by the IRAP/REMAP technic searching to find microsatellite markers associated to copies of this gene family. A total of 13,133 SSR markers were discovered in non- redundant EST databases made for all eleven species chosen for this study. The dimer motifs are more frequent in lower plant species, such as green algae and mosses, and the trimer motifs are more frequent for the majority of higher plant groups, such as monocots and dicots. Thirty percent of EST-SSE were successfully transferred with a relative polimorphism information across Physcomitrella patens Brid. and P. juniperinum, being promising for mapping and comparative genome analyses in plants. A total of 243 iron uptake gene sequences for 30 plant species were found using rice and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. homologues as queries. The evolutionary fingerprinting analyses suggested a positive selective pressure on iron uptake genes for most of the plant homologues analyzed, enabling an optimization and maintenance of gene function. The divergence time analysis indicates IRT as the most ancient gene family and FRO as the most recent. NRAMP and YSL genes appear as a close branch in the evolution of iron uptake gene families. No recent duplication in grasses were found based in the bayesian inference, and paralogue copies were only observed for dicot species. The Nramp cis-acting homology search indicated an ancestral duplication hypothesis for this gene family in grasses. Using IRAP/REMAP techniques, it was observed that YSL homologues in Physcomitrella are surrounded by copia-like retrotransposons as occurs in the maize ZmYSL1 copy. Also Polytrchum juniperinum Hedw. in vitro cultures were estabilished using spores as explants. Protonemal and gametophyte development were obtained using a growth regulator free culture medium. / O ferro é um elemento essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, envolvido em processos metabólicos essenciais, como fotossíntese e respiração. Porém, são poucos os dados relacionando a interação entre diferentes genótipos e ambientes. Análises comparativas entre plantas inferiores e plantas cultivadas podem possibilitar o melhor entendimento destes processos. O uso de briófitas como modelo para estudos de processos biológicos em plantas surge como uma estratégia promissora devido ao padrão relativamente simples de desenvolvimento destas plantas. O presente trabalho objetivou identificar padrões de ocorrência de marcadores moleculares em plantas modelo, bem como inferir acerca da filogenia das famílias gênicas envolvidas na homoestase do ferro em plantas, possibilitando a criação de estratégias de transferência de informação genômica entre espécies modelo e espécies órfãs. Utilizando ferramentas de bioinformática foram realizadas análises exploratórias para detectar as ocorrências de elementos repetitivos em bancos de ESTs de onze espécies de plantas. Para a validação destes marcadores moleculares foram desenvolvidos 100 conjuntos de iniciadores a partir das sequências contendo microssatélites obtidas para Physcomitrella patens Brid. e testadas contra o DNA genômico de Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. Foram realizadas análises filogenéticas e de divergência das famílias gênicas Iron Regulated Transporter (IRT), Ferric Redectase Oxidase (FRO), Nicotinamide synthase (NAS), Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) e Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein (NRAMP), envolvidas na homoestase de ferro por meio de inferência bayesiana, utilizando genes de arroz, Arabidopsis e Physcomitrella patens Brid. na busca de homólogos em diferentes espécies de plantas terrestres, com o auxílio da ferramenta Blast (NCBI). Também foram desenvolvidos iniciadores para elementos transponíveis reconhecidamente associados a genes Ysl de milho e utilizados conjuntamente com os iniciadores EST-SSR por meio da técnica IRAP/REMAP buscando encontrar marcadores microssatélites associados a cópias desta familia gênica. Como resultados foram identificados 13.133 marcadores microssatélites em bancos de dados não redundantes de regiões expressas (EST) de onze espécies de plantas. Os motivos dinucleotídeos foram mais frequentes em espécies basais, enquanto os motivos trinucleotídeos foram mais frequentes em espécies derivadas. Em 30% dos conjuntos de iniciadores EST SSR testados contra o DNA de P. juniperinum, foi obtido bandas polimórficas promissoras para estudos de mapeamento comparativo e de diversidade genética. Foram encontrados 243 homólogos de genes relacionados as famílias gênicas envolvidas com a homoestase de ferro em trinta espécies de plantas. A análise de fingerprinting realizada sugere que a maioria destes genes estão submetidos a seleção positiva, indicando acúmulo de mutações adaptativas, essencial para a manutenção e otimização da resposta gênica. A análise de tempo de divergência indica que os genes IRT são mais basais e os genes FRO os mais recentes entre as familias gênicas estudadas. As famílias NRAMP e YSL são evolutivamente próximas. A análise bayesiana das sequências e de regiões promotoras dos genes NRAMP não indica duplicações recentes em gramíneas, sendo as duplicações provenientes de divergência ancestral a origem do grupo. Parálogos foram identificados somente em dicotiledôneas. Por meio da transferência de marcadores IRAP/REMAP é observado que genes YSL de P. patens estão cercados por retroelementos do tipo cópia, a exemplo do que ocorre com o gene ZmYSL1 em milho. Também foi estabelecido o cultivo, em condições axênicas, de Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. utilizando esporos como explantes, onde foi observado que protonemas são obtidos utilizando meio de cultura livre de fitorreguladores, regenerando gametófitos em cultivo in vitro.

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