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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

AclimatizaÃÃo de mudas micropropagadas de helicÃnia sob diferentes lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo, tipos e volumes de substrato / Acclimatization of micropagated cuttings of helicÃnia (Heliconia lingulata Ruiz & PavÃn cv. Fan.) under different irrigation depth, types and volumes of substratum

Eliana Lee Jorge Rocha 01 January 2007 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / As helicÃnias sÃo plantas ornamentais que, com sua beleza e exotismo, constituem uma das maiores riquezas da nossa flora. Exuberantes, coloridas, com formas inusitadas, elas sÃo apreciadas no mercado internacional tambÃm por sua durabilidade e pela capacidade de, mesmo sozinhas, gerar composiÃÃes surpreendentes. Em decorrÃncia da alta demanda do mercado consumidor, a cultura vem sendo produzida em escala comercial por meio da micropropagaÃÃo, uma tÃcnica importante da cultura de tecidos que apresenta diversas etapas. A etapa de aclimatizaÃÃo à a fase mais crÃtica e importante, responsÃvel pelos altos Ãndices de mortalidade, baixas taxas de crescimento e desuniformidade das plantas, conseqÃente queda na produÃÃo. Essa situaÃÃo ocorre porque existem poucas informaÃÃes sobre o manejo da cultura nessa etapa. Considerando que essa tÃcnica à muito recente no Brasil, estudos estÃo sendo conduzidos para se estabelecer as melhores combinaÃÃes entre diferentes substratos, lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo e tipos de recipientes. Assim, as plantas aclimatizadas acabam nÃo sendo atendidas em todas as suas necessidades, o que leva à perdas considerÃveis e/ou a obtenÃÃo de mudas de qualidade desuniforme. Para minimizar esse problema e atender as exigÃncias do mercado consumidor, à preciso a busca de informaÃÃes tÃcnicas e cientÃficas sobre o adequado manejo da cultura. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de distintos tipos e volumes de substrato e de diferentes lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo na aclimatizaÃÃo de mudas micropropagadas de helicÃnia (helicÃnia lingulata Ruiz & PavÃn cv. Fan.). A pesquisa constou de trÃs experimentos, sendo conduzida em um tÃnel alto de cultivo forÃado pertencente a Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical, situada no municÃpio de Fortaleza, Cearà - Brasil (3Â44â S e 38Â33â W). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetiÃÃes para as variÃveis relacionadas com o desenvolvimento foliar e 5 tratamentos e 5 repetiÃÃes para os substratos. No primeiro experimento foram analisadas quatro lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo: 1, 2, 3 e 4 mm de Ãgua. As plantas foram acondicionadas em tubetes de 180 cm3, e cultivadas no substrato pÃ-de-coco seco + hÃmus + solo (1:1:1), receberam as diferentes lÃminas, parceladas em duas irrigaÃÃes diÃrias. No segundo experimento foram testadas cinco combinaÃÃes diferentes de substratos na proporÃÃo 1:1:1 onde S1(pÃ-de-coco seco + hÃmus + solo); S2 (pÃ-de-coco verde + vermiculita + composto de cama de frango); S3(pÃ-de-coco verde+hÃmus+solo); S4(pÃ-de-coco seco + vermiculita + composto de cama de frango) e S5 (HortimixÂ), as plantas foram acondicionadas em tubetes 180 cm3 e cultivadas nos distintos substratos sendo aplicada uma lÃmina dâÃgua de 3 mm, duas vezes ao dia. No terceiro experimento foram avaliados quatro tipos de recipientes: copo pequeno (100 cm3); tubete pequeno (180 cm3); tubete grande (300 cm3) e copo grande (400 cm3). As mudas contidas nos recipientes foram cultivadas com S1 e irrigadas com a lÃmina dâÃgua de 3 mm duas vezes ao dia. As variÃveis agronÃmicas, avaliadas nos experimentos foram: altura da planta, nÃmero de folhas e diÃmetro do caule. No primeiro experimento as variÃveis foram analisadas aos 15 e 30 dias apÃs aplicaÃÃo das devidas lÃminas (DAL). Nos demais experimentos os dados foram coletados aos 30, 60 e 75 dias apÃs o transplantio (DAT). Os resultados dos experimentos evidenciaram que o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas micropropagadas de helicÃnia ocorreu quando: cultivadas em tubete grande de 300 cm3 de volume; com substrato utilizando a combinaÃÃo PCV+H+S e o hortimix, e com lamina de irrigaÃÃo de 2,5 mm dia-1. / The helicÃnias are ornamental plants that, with its beauty and exotics, constitute one of the biggest deversity of our flora. Exuberant, colorful , with unusual forms, they are appreciated in the international market also for its durability an d the capacity of, exactly alone, to generate surprising compositions. In result of the high dema nd of the consuming market, the culture is produced in commercial scale by means of the microp ropagation, one important technique that presents diverse stages. The stage of acclimat ization is the most important and critical phase, responsible for the high rate of mortality, low rates growth taxes and low uniformity of plants, resulting in fall production. This situatio n occurs due to few information about of the culture management in this stage. Considering that this technique is very recent in Brazil, studies are being conducted to establish the best c ombinations among different substratum, irrigation depth and types of containers. Then, as result is aclimatized plants not being supplied in all its necessities, leading to a consi derable losses and/or cutting uniform less. To minimize this problem and forces the requirements o f the consuming market, is necessary looking for scientific techniques informatives abou t the culture management. The present work had as objective to evaluate the effect of dis tinct types and volumes of substratum and different irrigation depth in the acclimatization o f micropropagated cuttings of helicÃnia (Heliconia lingulata Ruiz & PavÃn cv. Fan .). The research consisted of three experiments, conducted in a high tunnel of forced culture at Emb rapa Tropical Agroindustry, located in Fortaleza, Cearà â Brazil (3Â44 ' S and 38Â33 ' W). The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions for the variables related to foliar development, and 5 treatments and 5 repetitions for the substratum. Four irrigation levels were analyzed in the first experiment: 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm of water. The pl ants cultivated in the substratum dust-of- coconut dry + wormcompost + soil, (1:1:1) in 180 cm 3 plastic containers, were irrigation twice a day. Five different combinations for substr atum were tested in the second experiment: 1:1:1 where S1 (dry coir dust + wormcompost + soil); S2 (green coir dust + vermiculite + compost of chicken bed); S3 (green coir dust + wormcompost + soil); S4 (dry coir dust + vermiculite + compost of chicken bed) and S 5 (HortimixÂ). The plants, cultivated in the different substrate in 180 cm 3 plastic containers, were irrigated with a 3 mm wat er level twice a day. Four plastic containers types were evaluated in the third experiment: small cup (100 cm 3 ); small (180 cm 3 ); great plastic container (300 cm 3 ) and great cup (400 cm 3 ). The cuttings were cultivated with S 1 and they were irrigated with a 3 mm water level twice a day. The agronomics variable, evaluated in the experiments w ere: height of the plant, number leaf and stem diameter. In the first experiment the variable s were analyzed in 15 and 30 days after applications of water depth (DAL). For the othes ex periments the data were collected in 30, 60 and 75 days after the transplant (DAT). The resu lts of the experiments had evidenced that the best development of the cuttings of helicÃnia o ccurred when: cultivated in great plastic container of 300 cm 3 ; with substratum using the combination PCV+H+S and hortimix, and with water depth of 2,5 mm day -1 .

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