Submitted by MARCOS LEANDRO TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA (marcosteixeira@ufv.br) on 2018-11-05T11:59:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1420600 bytes, checksum: c67e63dac08e182644f9fc7dae92bea6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T11:59:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1420600 bytes, checksum: c67e63dac08e182644f9fc7dae92bea6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 / O termo ‘inovação’ diz respeito ao ato de inovar, modificar as coisas, sejam produtos, costumes, ou mesmo a criação de uma novidade. Essa pesquisa se justificou na necessidade de um estudo sobre o tema ‘inovação tecnológica’ na UFVCRP e em Rio Paranaíba, visando estudar a implantação de políticas de inovação tecnológica no município, de forma holística, abordando os três atores da Hélice Tríplice (HT): empresas, poder público e Universidade Federal de Viçosa Campus Rio Paranaíba (UFVCRP). O desenvolvimento econômico de um país está diretamente relacionado com a inovação tecnológica e, tudo o que o ser humano faz tem a presença de algum tipo de tecnologia. A HT define um processo de cooperação cujo objetivo é gerar produtos, serviços e transferência de conhecimentos. Essa pesquisa se tratou de um estudo de caso exploratório com abordagem descritiva de caráter qualitativo. As empresas analisadas foram escolhidas segundo critérios de arrecadação municipal e por acessibilidade. A coleta de dados foi através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os representantes das empresas, da gestão atual do campus da UFVCRP e com o prefeito de Rio Paranaíba. Os dados coletados foram analisados através da técnica de análise temática do conteúdo. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que, em Rio Paranaíba, o ecossistema ainda não se completou pela falta de atuação dos principais atores da HT que devem agir dentro do ecossistema. O modelo da HT proposto para essa interação, ainda não está formado no município, por não haver interação propriamente dita entre os atores, havendo somente uma tímida relação entre universidade-empresa e ações isoladas para manutenção de um bom relacionamento com o poder público local. / The term 'innovation' refers to the act of innovating, modifying things, be they products, customs, or even creating a novelty. This research was justified in the need of a study on the theme 'technological innovation' in the UFVCRP and Rio Paranaíba, aiming to study the implementation of policies of technological innovation in the municipality, in a holistic way, addressing the three actors of the Triple Propeller (HT): companies, public power and Federal University of Viçosa Rio Paranaíba Campus (UFVCRP). The economic development of a country is directly related to technological innovation and everything that the human being does has the presence of some type of technology. HT defines a cooperation process whose objective is to generate products, services and knowledge transfer. This research was an exploratory case study with descriptive approach of qualitative character. The companies analyzed were chosen according to criteria of municipal collection and accessibility. The data collection was through semi- structured interviews with the representatives of the companies, the current management of the UFVCRP campus and the mayor of Rio Paranaíba. The collected data were analyzed through the thematic content analysis technique. The results of the research indicated that, in Rio Paranaíba, the ecosystem has not yet been completed due to the lack of performance of the main actors of HT that must act within the ecosystem. The HT model proposed for this interaction is not yet formed in the municipality, because there is no interaction between the actors, with only a timid relationship between university-company and isolated actions to maintain a good relationship with local public power.

Ingeniero Civil Mecánico / La empresa AES Gener S.A. se dedica a la generación de energía eléctrica tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (operación en 27 países). Para ello, cuenta con centrales de generación de distinto tipo (termoeléctricas, hidroeléctricas y otras), entre las que se encuentra Central Maitenes, planta de tipo hidroeléctrica de pasada, parte del grupo de centrales hidroeléctricas Centrales Cordillera, ubicada en San José de Maipo. La central mencionada corresponde a la más antigua del grupo (año 1923), con turbinas Francis que tienen larga data. En base a ello, surge la necesidad de estudiar la posibilidad de mejora de tales equipos, a través de un proceso de licitación que cuente con la presencia de distintos proveedores, tanto locales como extranjeros. Por lo anterior, se requiere contar con una base técnica que busca maximizar las opciones de aumento de eficiencia de la turbina, permitiendo contrastar las ofertas entregadas por los proveedores, con la posibilidad de elevar las exigencias previo a la adjudicación de la licitación a alguno de los oferentes. Por lo expuesto, el siguiente informe tiene por finalidad el estudio de antecedentes científicos de optimización de álabes del rodete de turbinas Francis, para el aumento del rendimiento de una turbina de este tipo ubicada en Central Maitenes, en base a información otorgada por la empresa, durante las diversas visitas pactadas mediante un convenio de cooperación entre la empresa y el autor de este estudio, además de la bibliografía pertinente para llevar a cabo los cálculos tendientes a desarrollar el análisis mencionado. En primer lugar, se recopilan los antecedentes necesarios para el cálculo teórico de rendimiento de la turbina en operación, el que, junto al dato operacional, forman un valor referencial inicial. Luego, se desarrolla un cálculo teórico basado en el estado actual de la tecnología de optimización de álabes de turbinas Francis, obteniendo valores óptimos de triángulos de velocidades y rendimiento, que se vea contrastado con el cálculo anterior. Finalmente, se complementa el análisis con información de constructores de turbinas Francis a nivel nacional y mundial. En base a ello, se determina la mejor alternativa de mejora, para completar con ello el estudio encargado.

The reproductive strategies of four intertidal grapsid crabs, Hemigrapsus sexdentatus, H. crenulatus, Cyclograpsus lavauxi, and Helice cressa, were studied in the field and laboratory, with emphasis on mating behaviour, duration of female receptivity, and sperm competition. Mating occurred in all species during the intermoult on the days prior to oviposition, when the gonoporo opercula of females became temporarily mobile. Female Helice crassa mated up to three weeks after oviposition, but in all other species mating typically ceased at egg-laying. Male Hemigrapsus pp. used a female-centered competition strategy in which they searched for and defended receptive females until they laid eggs. In contrast, male C. lavauxi searched for and intercepted receptive females only for the duration of copulation and then pursued other receptive females (a mating system termed encounter rate competition with pure search and interception). Male Helice crassa searched for receptive females in their immediate neighbourhood and mated with them briefly on the substrate or in the burrow after which the female left (a mating system termed encounter rate competition with neighbourhoods of dominance). The mating season was short and highly synchronous for Hemigrapsus exdentatus and Cyclograpsus lavauxi and asynchronous for Hemigrapsus crenulatus and Helice crassa. In the laboratory, the mean duration of receptivity for females housed with three males varied between 4.1 and 12.4 days, and the copulation frequency of females varied before oviposition between 2.1 and 24.3 times (mean) depending on the species. Female Hemigrapsus spp. isolated from males stayed receptive significantly longer than females held continuously with males. This suggests that females are able to control the duration of their receptivity, and therefore the time available for mating, according to the absence or presence of males. The operational sex ratio (OSR) had no effect on the duration of female receptivity, but female Hemigrapsus crenulatus mated more often when several males were competing for access. Therefore, male-male competition increased the number of matings per female and hence sperm competition within the female spermathecae. Larger males mated significantly more often than smaller males in all species. However, male size did not affect ejaculate size, meaning that small and large males transferred similar-sized ejaculates, e.g., in Hemigrapsus spp. Males of the two Hemigrapsus species followed a different strategy of sperm allocation. Male H. crenulatus, which are typically confronted with a high mating frequency of the female and a long, asynchronous mating season, distributed similar-sized ejaculates, irrespective of female size. By contrast, male H. sexdentatus, which experience a comparatively lower risk of sperm competition during a short, synchronised mating season, invested larger ejaculates for larger females than for smaller females. In addition, the size of the first and second ejaculates transferred to a female by a male H. crenulatus were not significantly different, whereas the first was larger than the second for H. sexdentatus. A parasitological survey was undertaken of the four grapsid crabs and the presence, seasonal variation and relationship with host gender and size of parasites determined. Four internal parasites were discovered: Nectonema zealandica n. Sp. (Nematomorpha: Nectonematoidea), portunion sp. (Isopoda: Entoniscidae), Profilicollis novaezelandensis n. sp. and profilicollis antarcticus (Acanthocephala: P olymorphidae). Portunion sp. castrated its female hosts, but not the males thereby creating a more male-biased sex ratio. Males parasitised with portunion sp. were equally successful during male-male competition and the number of matings they achieved. The above findings are important for our current understanding of mating strategies in Grapsidae, which are more diverse than previously thought. Females with a restricted duration of sexual receptivity have some control over their receptive period and can therefore influence the OSR and the extent of male-male competition. As females mated multiple times during their receptive period, sperm competition is a common feature in Grapsidae. However, males employed different tactics in regards to sperm competition such as longer mating duration (e.g., C. lavauxi), high number of matings (Helice crassa), or post-copulatory mate guarding until oviposition (Hemigrapsus spp.).

Au cours de cette thèse, des dyades chromophoriques à base d’oligoprolines ont été développées afin d’étudier les transferts d’énergies au sein de système hélicoïdaux. L’étude préliminaire de ces dyades n’a pas permis d’obtenir l’étude de transfert d’énergie souhaitée. La présence conjointe de deux conformères, ainsi que des problèmes de pureté, semblent en être la cause. C’est pourquoi dans un second temps, plusieurs modèles d’oligoprolines ayant une conformation largement majoritaire ont été conçus. Basés sur un blocage de conformation via des effets stériques cumulés, les modèles présentés conservent une unique conformation dans des solvants favorisant les deux types d’hélice. Pour finir, une propagation de la conformation a été étudiée à partir des composés modèles afin de créer une dyade chromophorique induite. L’étude photo-physique de celle-ci permet d’en étudier le transfert d’énergie. / During this thesis, chromophoric dyads based on oligoprolines have been developed in order to studyEnergy transfer within helical systems. Preliminary studies of these dyads were unsuccessful to study thedesired energy transfer. The presence of two conformers and purity problems seems to be responsible. This iswhy, in a second step, several oligoproline models with a major conformation were designed. Based on aconformation induction via cumulative steric effects, the models presented maintain a unique conformation insolvents favoring both types of helices. Finally, a propagation of the conformation will be studied based on themodel compounds in order to create an induced chromophoric dyad. The photo-physical study show anefficient energy transfer.