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Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection, dominance and the major histocompatibility complex as factors influencing chemical communication and mate choice in miceEhman, Kimberly Diane January 2002 (has links)
Both major histocompatibility genes (MHC) and infection have been shown to influence urinary odours in mice, and mice may use MHC-associated odours to detect kin for the purpose of choosing communal nesting partners, or to avoid mating with close relatives. Additionally, mice may use infection-related odours to avoid mating with sick individuals or those genetically susceptible to infection. I tested the above theories using urine as the source of odour. In a series of odour preference experiments, employing two MHC-congenic strains of mice (B10 and B10.Q), I tested the proposition that females prefer MHC-similar female odours when choosing female relatives as nesting partners, and that females prefer MHC-disparate male odours for the purpose of disassoratative mating. I found that females did not display a preference for MHC-similar female odours or MHC-disparate male odours. However, when B10.Q male urine donors were infected with 100 L3 larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda), both strains of female displayed a significant preference for the odours of uninfected B10 males. To determine whether female odour preference for uninfected males extended to actual mate choice, I subsequently examined female mate choice in a controlled setting. Using CD-1 outbred mice, I found that females preferred to mate with uninfected males over males subclinically infected with 200 L3 of H. polygyrus , as evidenced by first ejaculation preferences. In this experiment, males were tethered, and as such, male dominance interactions were prevented. Thus, in the final experiment, to assess whether male dominance interactions influenced female mate choice, in addition to infection, I tested female mate choice in a seminatural setting, which allowed for social interactions to occur. In this study, paternity was ascertained through DNA analysis and the resulting data indicated that neither male dominance status nor infection had a substantial impact on fema / Overall, the data do not support the theory that MHC-based preferences occur through urinary odours. However, the results do substantiate previous findings regarding female preferences for the odours of uninfected males. Furthermore, data from the controlled mate choice assay indicate that female odour preference for uninfected males extends to actual mate choice. Conversely, in the seminatural setting neither dominance nor infection prevailed as factors driving female mate choice. I suggest that this may be a consequence of the structural complexity of my arenas.
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Preventive behaviors among health promoting primary school children under soil-transmitted helminthiasis control program in Nakhon Si Thahamammarat province, Thailand/Tsukamoto, Katsuyuki, Boonyong Keiwkarnka, January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.P.H.M.(Primary Health Care Management))--Mahidol University.
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Effect of measurement error in the estimation of prevalence of infection and epidemiological associations for helminthsTarafder, Mushfiqur R. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma. / Includes bibliographical references.
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Janaúba (Himatanthus Willd. Ex. Schult.) - Apocynaceae no controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais em ovinos /Lima, Francisco Carneiro. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Jeffrey Frederico Lui / Coorientador: Ana Clara Gomes dos Santos / Banca: Euclides Braga Malheiros / Banca: Leoman Almeida Couto / Banca: Ana Cláudia Ruggieri / Banca: Daniel Praseres Chaves / Resumo: Janaúba é a denominação popular mais difundida para as espécies do gênero Himatanthus que ocorrem no Estado do Maranhão. A planta é membro da família Apocynaceae, nativa do Brasil e tem ampla distribuição na região Nordeste, com várias indicações de uso popular, que vai desde o tratamento de inflamações uterinas e gastrites até o tratamento de verminoses. Para avaliar o efeito anti-helmíntico de Himatanthus ssp., contemplando os requisitos de eficácia e segurança para fitoterápicos e tendo em vista a crescente demanda por produtos agropecuários livres de resíduos químicos e a ocorrência de cepas de nematódeos resistentes aos quimioterápicos convencionais, o estudo objetivou contribuir com a investigação de tratamentos anti-helmínticos alternativos com possibilidade de uso na redução da verminose ovina. Inicialmente foi realizada a identificação botânica do vegetal, a produção do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico (EBHA), caracterização fitoquímica, ensaios de toxicidade e atividade ovicida in vitro do EBHA de janaúba sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais em ovinos. O vegetal foi classificado como Himatanthus drasticus. O extrato apresentou compostos nitrogenados, glicosídeos e fenólicos e não foi verificada registros de toxicidade. Houve atividade ovicida (p<0,05) in vitro sobre a emergência de larvas de nematódeos gastrintestinais nas concentrações testadas. Essas observações possibilitam a indicação da planta para testes anti-helmínticos em pequenos ruminantes. Prosseguiu-se experimenação in vivo por trinta dias com ovinos naturalmente infectados por nematódeos gastrintestinais, tendo sido avaliado o efeito do EBHA de H. drasticus sobre a redução do OPG e LPG, bem como as implicações de uso do extrato sobre as atividades e funções orgânicas dos animais tratados. Verificou-se redução... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Janauba the common name of Plumeria (Himatanthus Willd), is the most common species of this genus found in Maranhão state. This plant, widely distributed in the Northeastern, belongs to the Apocynaceae family, is native to Brazil and other warm, tropical countries. Its use in popular medicine ranges from uterine inflammation, gastritis to worm treatment. The anthelmintic effect of Himatanthus ssp. is the focus of this study that aimed at evaluating an alternative anthelmintic treatment with potential use to reduce nematode parasites in sheep. Initially, we performed plant botanical identification, crude hydroalcoholic extract production (EBHA), phytochemical characterization, toxicity testing and in vitro ovicidal activity of Janaúba EBHA on gastrointestinal nematodes found in sheep. The plant was classified as Himatanthus drasticus. The extract presented nitrogen compounds and phenolic glycosides, with no record of toxicity. In vitro ovicidal activity (p <0.05) was observed on the emergence of gastrointestinal nematode larvae at the concentrations tested. These results seemed to indicate the plant potential to be used as anthelmintics in small ruminants. Therefore, in vivo tests continued for thirty days with sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. These trials evaluated the effect of H. drasticus EBHA on EPG and LPG, as well as the implications of using the extract on the activities and bodily functions of treated animals. A reduction (p <0.05) of fecal eggs and larvae was observed in the period; however, liver and kidneys were not influenced by the treatment. The janauba can... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
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Interactions between types and levels of dietary fiber and Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection in miceSun, Yi, 1973- January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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The effect of low dietary zinc on outcome of primary and challenge nematode infections in mice /Minkus, Tracy M. January 1990 (has links)
No description available.
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A study of predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura in a Mexican community /Forrester, Janet Elizabeth January 1988 (has links)
No description available.
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Dietary protein deficiency modifies systemic and gut-associated immune responses in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda)Ing, Rebecca Yat Loo, 1971- January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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The influence of energy-restriction on accumulation of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) in outbred CD-1 mice in free-running arenasDare, Oluwayemisi Katherine January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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\"Efeito anti-helmíntico de taninos condensados sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais em ovinos\" / Anthelmintic effect of condensed tannins on gastrointestinal nematodes in sheepMinho, Alessandro Pelegrine 24 February 2006 (has links)
As helmintoses gastrintestinais estão entre as principais enfermidades na criação de ovinos, sendo importante causa de mortalidade e de redução na produtividade dos animais. O controle das infecções por nematódeos é baseado no uso de drogas anti-helmínticas, porém com a descrição emergente de parasitos resistentes, a eficácia deste tratamento tem diminuído. Portanto, métodos alternativos de controle são necessários para a diminuição ou, até mesmo, a substituição do uso de drogas para o controle das verminoses em pequenos ruminantes. O uso dos taninos condensados (TC) no controle das helmintoses gastrintestinais de ovinos em todo o mundo tem se mostrado promissor. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito anti-helmíntico dos TC sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos. Durante o período de testes foram realizados quatro ensaios experimentais: ensaio A avaliação in vitro da ingestão por larvas de primeiro estágio (L1) de Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis e Teladorsagia circumcincta, para avaliar o efeito anti-helmíntico dos TC provenientes do extrato de acácia (Acacia mearnsii); ensaio B estudo sobre a infecção natural dos cordeiros a campo, animais infectados com H. contortus e T. colubriformis, sendo os mesmos divididos em dois grupos (tratados com extrato de acácia e não tratados); ensaios C e D realizados com infecção experimental dos animais por nematódeos gastrintestinais (H. contortus e T. colubriformis, respectivamente). Nos dois últimos ensaios, os animais foram divididos em cinco grupos, sendo: GI (controle infectado com nematódeo); GII (recebeu sorgo taninífero); GIII (recebeu extrato de acácia uma vez ao dia); GIV (recebeu extrato de acácia duas vezes ao dia) e GV (controle não infectado). Os resultados dos ensaios A (ingestão larval) e B (infecção natural) foram promissores e demonstraram o efeito direto dos TC sobre os nematódeos parasitas de ovinos, com diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre os grupos. Observando-se os resultados do experimento com infecção experimental por H. contortus (ensaio C), não se detectou diferença estatística entre os grupos (P > 0,05), porém no experimento com infecção por T. colubriformis (ensaio D) foi evidenciada diferença (P < 0,01) nos valores de OPG entre os grupos tratados com sorgo (GI) e extrato de acácia por dois dias (GIV), quando comparados ao controle infectado (GI); sendo também evidenciada quando da comparação do número de fêmeas de helmintos do GI e GIV (P < 0,01). Redução na viabilidade dos ovos de helmintos (estágio de ovo até L1) e no número de larvas infectantes isoladas de coproculturas provenientes dos grupos tratados com TC foram evidentes nos ensaios C e D. Os resultados foram promissores demonstrando a ação direta dos TC sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos e principalmente sobre a produção de larvas infectantes; porém mais estudos são necessários para a indicação de um controle de parasitos gastrintestinais baseado no uso de fontes de TC / Gastrointestinal nematodes are a major cause of economic loss in farm animals. Gastrointestinal parasite control programs based on chemotherapy are failing because of increased anthelmintic resistance; thus, alternative controls strategies are necessary to reduce the use of anthelmintic drug in animal production have been studied. Condensed tannins (CT) have shown potential for alternative control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the anthelmintic effect of condensed tannin on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. During the experimental period four experiments were carried out: Experiment A in vitro study of larval feed inhibition (first stage larvae-L1) of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta, to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of CT from acacia (Acacia mearnsii) condensed tannins extract (CTE); Experiment B study of the potential uses of CTE to control gastrointestinal parasites in sheep naturally infected with H. contortus e T. colubriformis, with animals divided into two groups (drenched and undrenched with CTE); Experiments C and D were carried out with sheep experimentally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (H. contortus e T. colubriformis, respectively). In these experiments (C and D) the animals were divided into five groups GI (nematodes infect control); GII (supplemented with taniniferous sorghum); GIII (drenched with CTE once); GIV (drenched with CTE for two days) and GV (non-infect control). The results of experiment A (larval feed inhibition) and B (natural nematode infection) were promissory and showed the direct effect of CT on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes with significant difference (P < 0.05) between groups. The results of H. contortus experimental infections (experiment C) did not provide significant difference between groups (P > 0.05), however the T. colubriformis experimental infection results (experiment D) showed significant difference (P < 0.01) on EPG values of sheep supplemented with sorghum (GI) and drenched with CTE for two days (GIV), when compared with infect control (GI); Significant reduction of female worm burden was demonstrated between GI and GIV (P < 0.01) on experiment D. Reduction on nematode egg viability (from eggs to L1) and infective larvae (L3) from coprocultures made with faeces from CT treated groups were observed in experiments C and D. The results evidenced the direct action of CT on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and mainly on L3 production; however more studies are necessary to indicate a strategic alternative parasite control based in CT sources
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