Ma, Chao. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-169). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix 1 & 2 in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Initial Research Objectives and Questions --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Study --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definition of Key Terms in the Study --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Social capital --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- "Trustworthiness, social networks and social norms" --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Mutual help --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Seeking help --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Giving help --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Theoretical Base of Mutual Help: Social Capital......: --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Networks or relationships --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Trustworthiness and social norms --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Mutual Help --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Mutual help groups or self-help groups --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Mutual help in the context of Shanghai --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Seeking help --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Giving help --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Refining Research Objectives --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Methodology --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Framework --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Propositions of the survey study --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Operationalization framework --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Implementation of Survey Study --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Overview of the survey design --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Measurement: questionnaire --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Sampling --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- The population of the survey --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Sample size --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Data collection --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Data analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- Items and four indices --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Statistics methods for data analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Quality of survey --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.6.1 --- Pilot study --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.6.2 --- Reliability --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4 --- Implementation of Individual Interview Study --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5 --- Encountered Problems and Solutions --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Data Analysis of Survey Study --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Helping and Help-seeking Indices of Shanghai People --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Helping index --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Help-seeking index --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Mutual aid tendency --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Trustworthiness --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Index of trust when helping --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Index of trust when seeking helping --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3 --- Correlations between Helping and Help Seeking Indices and Trust Indices --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4 --- Social Norms and Helping and Help-seeking Behaviors --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- "Importance of social expectations, self-accomplishment and reciprocity when helping" --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Importance of face losing and reciprocity when seeking help --- p.70 / Chapter 4.5 --- Demographic-social-economic Statuses --- p.71 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- "Non-significance: Gender, Income and Religion (not/Catholic and Christian, Western/Eastern)" --- p.72 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- "Significance on help seeking behavior and trustworthiness during help seeking: Education, marital status, job (student/no/yes), age, work unit, religion (no/yes), occupation (employed and unemployed)" --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5.2.1 --- Education --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5.2.2 --- Marital status --- p.79 / Chapter 4.5.2.3 --- Job (student/no/yes) --- p.80 / Chapter 4.5.2.4 --- Age --- p.82 / Chapter 4.5.2.5 --- Work unit --- p.85 / Chapter 4.5.2.6 --- Religion (no/yes) --- p.87 / Chapter 4.5.2.7 --- Occupation (employed and unemployed) --- p.89 / Chapter 4.6 --- Agreement of Idioms and Mutual Help Society of Shanghai Citizens --- p.90 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Agreement of idioms of helping of Shanghai citizens --- p.90 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Agreement of Shanghai citizens on mutual help society --- p.91 / Chapter 4.7 --- Opinions of Citizens --- p.92 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Opinions of Shanghai citizens on government and individual responsibility --- p.92 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Opinions of Shanghai citizens on who bears responsibility to enhance mutual help --- p.92 / Chapter 4.8 --- Summary --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Individual Interviews Data Analysis Synthesized with Survey Analysis --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1 --- Brief Introduction of 6 Cases: Purposive Sampling --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- "Individual interviews through phone: Case A, B" --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- "Individual Interviews face-to-face: Case C, D, E, F" --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2 --- "Helping Experiences, Trust and Influencing Social Factors" --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Helping experiences --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Helping vulnerable people --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Helping good friends --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- Helping family members --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Trust --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Social factors influencing helping behaviors --- p.108 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Summary --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Help Seeking Experiences, Trustworthiness and Influencing Factors" --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Help seeking experiences --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.1.1 --- Family members --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3.1.2 --- Good friends --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Trust --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Influencing social factors --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Summary --- p.118 / Chapter 5.4 --- Mutuality --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Mutuality in helping and help- seeking behaviors --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Reciprocity --- p.120 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Summary --- p.122 / Chapter 5.5 --- Improving Mutual Help Culture and determining Responsibility for Building Mutual Help and Mutual Trust Society --- p.123 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Government --- p.123 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Communities --- p.125 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Schools --- p.126 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Social Workers --- p.127 / Chapter 5.5.5 --- Mass media --- p.128 / Chapter 5.5.6 --- Individuals --- p.128 / Chapter 5.5.7 --- Summary --- p.129 / Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.130 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- "Conclusions, Discussions, Implications" --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Helping and seeking help behaviors --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Trustworthiness and social norms --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Strategies: whose responsibility to build mutual help society --- p.134 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Respondents' background --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2 --- Discussions --- p.135 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Helping Behaviors --- p.135 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Helping Seeking Behaviors --- p.136 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Whose responsibility and How to improve --- p.138 / Chapter 6.3 --- Implications --- p.149 / Chapter 6.3. 1 --- Implementation for social policy --- p.150 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Implementation for social work development and practice --- p.153 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- "Implementations for social work education by school, family and mass media" --- p.154 / Reference --- p.156 / Appendix --- p.170