by Suk-Fung Tsang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-112). / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Abbreviation --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- TNF molecule / Chapter 1.2 --- Molecular biosynthesis of TNF / Chapter 1.3 --- Antitumor activity of TNF / Chapter 1.4 --- Macrophage-mediated immunity / Chapter 1.5 --- Endogenous production of TNF / Chapter 1.6 --- LPS : the potent inducer for TNF release / Chapter 1.7 --- Natural product: as primer or inducer / Chapter 1.8 --- Aim of this project / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials / Chapter 2.2 --- Animals / Chapter 2.3 --- Cell line / Chapter 2.4 --- Transformed cell line : EAT cells invivo / Chapter 2.5 --- Reagents / Chapter 2.6 --- Methods / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Preparation of sample --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Alcohol precipitaion of Bupleuri radix / Chapter 3.2 --- Endogenous TNF production by BR fractions / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Purification of BRI --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Gel filtration chromatography of BRI / Chapter 4.2 --- Anion exchange chromatography / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Purification of PQI --- p.52 / Chapter 5.1 --- Gel filtration chromatography of PQI / Chapter 5.2 --- Anion exchange chromatography / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Capacity of BR and PQ as eliciting agent for endogenous TNF production --- p.62 / Chapter 6.1 --- Time course of endogenous TNF production by BRI subfractions / Chapter 6.2 --- Time course of endogenous TNF production by PQI subfractions / Chapter 6.3 --- BRI subfractions as eliciting agents / Chapter 6.4 --- PQI subfractions as eliciting agents / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Are BR and PQ priming agents in endogenous TNF production ？ --- p.71 / Chapter 7.1 --- Priming by intraperitoneal route / Chapter 7.2 --- Priming by intravenous route / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Removal of LPS by acetic acid treatment --- p.79 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Antitumor activities of BRI subfractionsin relationship with TNF production --- p.86 / Chapter 9.1 --- BRI subfraction as eliciting agent / Chapter 9.2 --- Pretreatment with BRIA subfractions followed by LPS treatment / Chapter Chapter 10 --- Conclusion --- p.95 / Bibliography --- p.101

by Yuen-Kam Tsoi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-173). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iv / List of figures --- p.vii / List of tables --- p.x / Abbreviations --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Purification and characterization of the chymotrypsin inhibitor (MCCI) from the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction l / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Classification of protease inhibitor --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Therapeutic potential of protease inhibitors --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Rationale of the present study --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Materials and methods / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Materials --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Preparation of chymotrypsin-Sepharose 4B affinity column --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Protein extraction --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Chymotrypsin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.6 --- Assays for protease inhibitory activities --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.6.1 --- Assay for chymotrypsin activity --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.6.2 --- Assay for trypsin activity --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.6.3 --- Assay for elastase activity --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.6.4 --- Assay for subtilisin activity --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.7 --- Determination of protein concentration --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.8 --- Titration of chymotrypsin --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.9 --- Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.10 --- Determination of molecular weight by mass spectrometry --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.11 --- Partial amino acid sequencing --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.12 --- Effects of chymotrypsin on MCCI --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.13 --- Stability assay --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Results --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Isolation of MCCI from the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- N-terminal amino acid sequencing --- p.27 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Determination of molecular weight --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Inhibitory activity of MCCI towards different proteases --- p.33 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Effects of chymotrypsin on MCCI --- p.37 / Chapter 1.4.6 --- Stability of MCCI on heating and at different pH --- p.37 / Chapter 1.5 --- Discussion --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Immunomodulatory effect of MCCI / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction of the immune system and protease inhibitors --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2 --- Rationale of the present study --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Materials --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Isolation of different types of immune cells --- p.57 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Determination of cell proliferation --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Determination of H2O2 formation --- p.61 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Assay of interleukin-2 --- p.61 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Determination of cell viability --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Murine splenocytes --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- In vitro effect of MCCI on the proliferation of murine splenocytes --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- Effect of MCCI on cytokine production --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Murine lymphocytes --- p.66 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- In vitro effect of MCCI on the proliferation of lymphocytes --- p.66 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Effect of MCCI on cytokine production --- p.66 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Murine bone marrow cells --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Effect of MCCI on the growth of murine bone marrow cells --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Murine neutrophills --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.4.1 --- Effect of MCCI on H2O2 formation --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Murine macrophages --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.5.1 --- Effect of MCCI on the growth of macrophages --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.5.2 --- Effect of external ATP on the growth of macrophages --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.5.3 --- Effect of ATP on the growth of macrophages pre-treated with MCCI --- p.76 / Chapter 2.4.5.4 --- Effect of MCCI on the growth of macrophages pre-treated with ATP --- p.76 / Chapter 2.4.5.5 --- Effect of MCCI on H201production --- p.79 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Anti-oxidative effect of MCCI in primary rat hepatocytes culture / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Liver disease and protease inhibitors --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Primary rat hepatocyte as a pharmacological model --- p.93 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- tert-Butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidative stress inducer --- p.94 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Endogenous antioxidant enzymes against ROS --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2 --- Rationale of the present study --- p.99 / Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Materials --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Isolation of primary rat hepatocytes --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Liver perfusion --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Preparation of collagen pre-coated culture plates --- p.103 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Hepatocytes culturing --- p.103 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Drug treatment and oxidative stress induction --- p.104 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Cytotoxicity assessment --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Cellular GSH content determination --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Protein determination by Lowry's method --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Medium MDA determination --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Medium GSSG determination --- p.107 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Antioxidant enzymes measurement --- p.108 / Chapter 3.3.9.1 --- Catalase measurement --- p.108 / Chapter 3.3.9.2 --- SOD measurement --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.9.3 --- GST measurement --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.9.4 --- GR measurement --- p.110 / Chapter 3.3.10 --- Statistical analysis --- p.110 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.111 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Cytotoxicity of MCCI on rat hepatocytes --- p.111 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Effect of tBHP and MCCI on hepatocytes viability --- p.111 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Effects of tBHP and MCCI on hepatocytes GSH and GSSG content --- p.117 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Effect of MCCI on lipid peroxidation of hepatocytes --- p.121 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Effect of MCCI on antioxidant enzymes activities --- p.121 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Comparison with typical antioxidants --- p.125 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.127 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Cytotoxicity of MCCI on tumor cell lines / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.134 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Relationship between protease inhibitors and cancer --- p.134 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Cell cycle and apoptosis --- p.137 / Chapter 4.2 --- Rationale of the present study --- p.140 / Chapter 4.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.141 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Materials --- p.141 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cell culture --- p.141 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- MTT assay --- p.142 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Cell cycle analysis --- p.142 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- DNA fragmentation --- p.143 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.136 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Cytotoxicity of MCCI --- p.144 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis --- p.147 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.152 / Conclusion and future perspectives --- p.157 / References --- p.160

Ng, Chun Fai. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-197). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Cao Hui. / Publication date from spine. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-194). / Acknowledgments --- p.v / Abstract --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.xv / List of Figures --- p.xvii / Abbreviations and symbols --- p.xx / Chapter Chapter 1. --- General introduction / Chapter 1.1. --- Historical background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Pharmacognostical development --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3. --- Importance of herb authentication --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4. --- Objective of study --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature review / Chapter 2.1. --- Botanical and taxonomic aspects --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Morphology --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Scientific names --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2. --- Chemical aspects --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3. --- Pharmacological aspects --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Antibacterial effect --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Antiphlogistic effect --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Antipyretic effect --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.4. --- Effect in gastrointestinal propulsion --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.5. --- Antineoplastic activity --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.6. --- Hepatoprotective effect --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.7. --- Inhibitory activity on enzymes --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.8. --- Cardiovascular effect --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.9. --- Acute toxicity (LD50) --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4. --- Pharmacognostical aspects --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Kudidan in Ben-cao literature / Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2. --- Name evolution --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3. --- Natural distribution --- p.24 / Chapter 3.4. --- Characteristics --- p.25 / Chapter 3.5. --- Substitutions investigation --- p.26 / Chapter 3.6. --- Summary --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Morphological differences / Chapter 4.1. --- Plant identification --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Introduction --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Collection of voucher materials --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1.3. --- Plant morphology --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2. --- Macroscopical identification --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Introduction --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.2.1. --- Commercial samples --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.2.2. --- Macroscopical characteristics --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Results --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Histological identification / Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Commercial samples --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2.1.1. --- Kudidan --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2.1.2. --- Pugongying --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2.1.3. --- Substitutes --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Authentic plant materials for comparison --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- Methods --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.3.1. --- Paraffin method --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.3.2. --- Light microscopy --- p.62 / Chapter 5.2.3.3. --- Quantitative microscopy --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2.3.4. --- Scanning electron microscopy --- p.64 / Chapter 5.3. --- Results --- p.64 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Microscopical characters of comparative plants --- p.64 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- Internal structures of herbs --- p.83 / Chapter 5.4. --- Discussion --- p.83 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Chemical analysis / Chapter 6.1. --- Introduction --- p.99 / Chapter 6.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- Authentic samples --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Commercial samples --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.3. --- Methods --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.3.1. --- Isolation and characterization of standard substances --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.3.2. --- Extraction of plant materials --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2.3.3. --- Thin layer chromatography --- p.102 / Chapter 6.3. --- Results and discussion --- p.104 / Chapter 6.3.1. --- TLC synopsis --- p.104 / Chapter 6.3.2. --- TLC analysis --- p.105 / Chapter 6.3.2.1. --- Qualitative evaluation of authentic plants --- p.105 / Chapter 6.3.2.2. --- Qualitative evaluation of commercial samples --- p.107 / Chapter 6.4. --- Summary --- p.107 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Molecular fingerprinting / Chapter 7.1. --- Introduction --- p.115 / Chapter 7.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.120 / Chapter 7.2.1. --- Plant materials --- p.121 / Chapter 7.2.2. --- Herbal materials --- p.121 / Chapter 7.2.3. --- Total genomic DNA preparation --- p.121 / Chapter 7.2.3.1. --- CsCl/EtBr gradient method --- p.121 / Chapter 7.2.3.2. --- CTAB/CsCl gradient method --- p.123 / Chapter 7.2.3.3. --- CTAB miniprep method --- p.124 / Chapter 7.2.4. --- Qualitative analysis of genomic DNA --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.5. --- Quantitative analysis of genomic DNA --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2.6. --- Genomic DNA fingerprinting --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2.6.1. --- DNA amplification --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2.6.1.1. --- AP-PCR --- p.127 / Chapter 7.2.1.1.2. --- RAPD --- p.128 / Chapter 7.2.6.2. --- Data analysis --- p.129 / Chapter 7.3. --- Results --- p.129 / Chapter 7.3.1. --- Studies on extraction of genomic DNA --- p.129 / Chapter 7.3.2. --- Genomic DNA fingerprinting by AP-PCR --- p.130 / Chapter 7.3.3. --- Genomic DNA fingerprinting by RAPD --- p.131 / Chapter 7.4. --- Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter 7.4.1. --- DNA extraction --- p.132 / Chapter 7.4.2. --- DNA fingerprinting of Kudidan --- p.136 / Chapter 7.4.3. --- Phylogenetic relationship between two genera Elephantopus and Pseudo-elephantopus of by DNA fingerprinting --- p.141 / Chapter Chapter 8. --- General summary and conclusion / Chapter 8.1. --- General summary --- p.165 / Chapter 8.1.1. --- Ben-cao investigation --- p.166 / Chapter 8.1.2. --- Investigation of commercial samples --- p.166 / Chapter 8.1.3. --- Histological characteristics --- p.167 / Chapter 8.1.4. --- Chemical analysis --- p.168 / Chapter 8.1.5. --- DNA fingerprinting --- p.168 / Chapter 8.2. --- Conclusion --- p.169 / Appendices / Chapter A) --- Solutions --- p.171 / Chapter B) --- Chinese characters cited in this Thesis --- p.173 / Chapter a) --- Herbal names --- p.173 / Chapter b) --- Book names --- p.175 / Chapter c) --- Personal names --- p.176 / Chapter d) --- Place names --- p.177 / Chapter e) --- Miscellaneous names --- p.179 / Bibliography --- p.180

by Cheng Yuk Kwan, Anna. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-112). / Acknowledgements / Table of Contents --- p.i / Abbreviations --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.vi / List of figures --- p.ix / List of tables --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Objective and scope of the project --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature review of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Morphology of Mimosa pudica --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Chemistry of Mimosa pudica --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Uses in traditional medicine --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Clinical and pharmacological studies of Mimosa pudica --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Toxicology of Mimosa pudica --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Characteristics and toxicology of mimosine --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Immunomodulation / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Overview of the immune system --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Strategies on the study of immunomodulation of Mimosa pudica --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicology / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Principles of the toxicological assays / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- LD50 --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Enzyme assays --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Subacute toxicity test --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.1.4 --- Reproductive toxicity test --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mimosa pudica --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Animals --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Chemicals --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Extraction of Mimosa pudica --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Assays for the immunomodulatory effects of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Cell preparation / Chapter a) --- Splenocytes --- p.35 / Chapter b) --- Thymocytes --- p.35 / Chapter c) --- Macrophages --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Splenocyte proliferation --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Thymocyte proliferation --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Phagocytic activity of macrophages --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Release of IL-1 by macrophages --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Plaque forming cells --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.7 --- Restoration on splenocyte blastogenesis of old mice --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Assays for the toxicity of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- LD50 --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Enzyme assays --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Subacute toxicity --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Immunomodulatory effects of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 3.1.1 --- In vitro study on the lymphocyte proliferation / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Splenocyte proliferation --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Thymocyte proliferation --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- In vivo study on the lymphocyte proliferation --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Phagocytic activity of macrophages --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Release of IL-1 by macrophages --- p.64 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Plaque forming cells --- p.67 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Restoration on splenocyte blastogenesis of old mice --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2 --- Toxicity of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 3.2.1 --- LD50 --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Enzyme assays --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Subacute toxicity --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.85 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- General discussion on the immunomodulatory effects and toxicity of Mimosa pudica / Chapter 4.1 --- Immunomodulatory effects of Mimosa pudica --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2 --- Toxicity of Mimosa pudica --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Concluding remarks --- p.99 / References --- p.104 / Appendix --- p.113