The advent of democracy brought about changes in the cultural heritage landscape. Cultural heritage used to be a preserve of the rich and experts. Heritage of places is not found lying around for it to be discovered, but it is continually reproduced to suit the needs of that particular society. Reproduction of heritage is due to it being amenable to be used and reused to suit the needs of that grouping. Cultural heritage in South Africa offers is used as an economic tool as it offers easy access for participants to the cultural tourism industry. The capital outlay is usually minimal. Politicians also use cultural heritage to create new identities. In South Africa, during the early stages of democracy, heritage was used to promote national reconciliation and nation-building. Robben Island was used as a flagship institution to open up the cultural heritage space and give voice to those previously denied access or whose heritage was distorted or misrepresented. Robben Island, a place of atrocity stemming from the colonial period, was seen as a beacon of hope and promoted as a symbol of the triumph of the human spirit over adversity. The site's positioning as an economic tool and fostering notions of national unity invariably leads to selecting a layer that will resonate with the nationalist ideals. The exploratory study uses interviews with tour guides and heritage experts to examine the message told to visitors. The results obtained are contrasted with the national legislation, the site's conservation management plans, and UNESCO's requirements for listed sites. At an international level, UNESCO is concerned with preserving the outstanding universal value of sites. The preservation of the heritage at a local level is done through national legislation.

The aim of this thesis is to develop a value assessment method for industrial heritage in Zonguldak, one of the symbolic industrial cities in Turkey where mining has been the leading force since the discovery of hard coal in the mid-19th century. Values to decide what to conserve and why are searched during this process under the light of discussions on industrial heritage and values of the architectural conservation. Focusing on this aim, this study is structured in four parts as the survey on industrialization and industrial heritage, review and discussion of value types, research on Zonguldak, and implementation of value assessment process for the selected study area with the proposed value types. To conclude, value assessment process is a vital step in conservation of cultural heritage. For the industrial heritage, a relatively recent concept in the conservation discipline, existing value types need to be re-assessed. This thesis performs an exemplification of value assessment for industrial heritage over a selected study area in the Zonguldak coalfield and proposes possible decisions under the light of this valuation.

Throughout history, the direct or indirect choice of preservation has resulted in the successful incorporation of tangible products of the human past into modern cultural environments. Within the current American historic preservation system, "significance" is used as a delimiter for identifying historic properties that are determined beneficial to the heritage of the American people. As defined under U.S. law, however, "significance" is attributed only to places and objects whose importance is limited within an historical or scientific framework. This thesis proposes that the significance of historic properties transcends the boundaries of these limited frameworks of importance, and demonstrates that the public benefits of preservation are maximized when history is reified through the modern-use of these places and objects as cultural resources for the current and future generations of the American people.

Content removed due to copyright restriction; Donaghey, S. (2000). A fading landscape: strategies for managing the cultural heritage resource. Archaeology in New Zealand, 43(4), 270-282. Donaghey, S. (2001). What is aught,but as 'tis valued? An analysis of strategies for the assessment of cultural heritage significance in New Zealand. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 7(4), 365-380. / This thesis argues that considerations of value and significance are fundamental to sustainable heritage management practice. It explores critical issues relating to the valorisation of historic heritage in New Zealand and considers whether existing frameworks for evaluation and assessment are effective and appropriate. The rationale for the research proposes that achievable and effective outcomes for historic heritage only occur in the context of rigorous evaluation and assessment frameworks. Theoretical and pragmatic frames of reference drive key lines of reasoning. The two frames of reference comprise: firstly, theoretical principles relating to the nature and qualities of heritage value and secondly, operational strategies relating to the process of assessment. The thesis integrates current policy and practice within existing epistemology with primary research data using a mixed methodology. A review of international policy and practice contrasts the various approaches used in Australia, Canada, England and the United States of America, and identifies effective system characteristics. Existing understandings and practice within New Zealand are considered and analogies made between particular elements of the primary research drawn from surveys of professional and non-professional opinion of the heritage assessment process. The New Zealand findings are then set against the review of international evidence and the literature to identify significant strengths and shortcomings. It is argued that New Zealand currently lacks suitable frameworks within which appropriate concepts of value and effective strategies for significance assessment are meaningfully integrated. Expressions of the nature and qualities of historic heritage must be reformulated in ways that afford greater recognition to principles of social value and the holistic, multivalent properties of the resource. Moreover, identified deficiencies in matters of community engagement, consistency, resourcing, local authority process and the recognition of indigenous rights, undermine the effectiveness of operational strategies for assessment and require attention.

Content removed due to copyright restriction; Donaghey, S. (2000). A fading landscape: strategies for managing the cultural heritage resource. Archaeology in New Zealand, 43(4), 270-282. Donaghey, S. (2001). What is aught,but as 'tis valued? An analysis of strategies for the assessment of cultural heritage significance in New Zealand. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 7(4), 365-380. / This thesis argues that considerations of value and significance are fundamental to sustainable heritage management practice. It explores critical issues relating to the valorisation of historic heritage in New Zealand and considers whether existing frameworks for evaluation and assessment are effective and appropriate. The rationale for the research proposes that achievable and effective outcomes for historic heritage only occur in the context of rigorous evaluation and assessment frameworks. Theoretical and pragmatic frames of reference drive key lines of reasoning. The two frames of reference comprise: firstly, theoretical principles relating to the nature and qualities of heritage value and secondly, operational strategies relating to the process of assessment. The thesis integrates current policy and practice within existing epistemology with primary research data using a mixed methodology. A review of international policy and practice contrasts the various approaches used in Australia, Canada, England and the United States of America, and identifies effective system characteristics. Existing understandings and practice within New Zealand are considered and analogies made between particular elements of the primary research drawn from surveys of professional and non-professional opinion of the heritage assessment process. The New Zealand findings are then set against the review of international evidence and the literature to identify significant strengths and shortcomings. It is argued that New Zealand currently lacks suitable frameworks within which appropriate concepts of value and effective strategies for significance assessment are meaningfully integrated. Expressions of the nature and qualities of historic heritage must be reformulated in ways that afford greater recognition to principles of social value and the holistic, multivalent properties of the resource. Moreover, identified deficiencies in matters of community engagement, consistency, resourcing, local authority process and the recognition of indigenous rights, undermine the effectiveness of operational strategies for assessment and require attention.

Shanghai est une ville unique qui a joué un rôle très important dans le mouvement d’urbanisation et d’industrialisation en Chine. Shanghai a toujours été à une intersection multiculturelle. Ses conditions géographiques, financières et de transport a favorisé une dynamique d’investissement et la modernisation industrielle. Dans le même temps, le développement de l'industrie a accéléré l’urbanisation de Shanghai. Dans ce processus, le patrimoine industriel de la ville a contribué à structuré les espaces en livrant des surfaces de revitalisation notamment le long d’une ligne qui longe la rivière Huangpu. Ces différents héritages (surfaces, usines, bâtiments…) ont joué un rôle clé dans l’activité industrielle de Shanghai et son urbanisation contemporaine. La protection et la réutilisation du patrimoine ont toujours été des sujets importants dans le développement urbain et font pleinement partie du renouveau de la ville. A ce titre Shanghai est certainement une ville archétype pour étudier certaines formes de patrimonialisation en Chine.Avec un déclin de certaines industries traditionnelles, les anciens bâtiments et les zones de friches industrielles deviennent une partie inévitable de l'ensemble du processus de re-planification urbaine. Le succès ou l'échec de ces réhabilitations dépend de l'environnement direct lié à l’urbanisme et des orientations du développement économique. Il ne fait aucun doute que le patrimoine « moderne » de Shanghai joue un rôle crucial dans le positionnement urbain de Shanghai. Le potentiel de conversion du patrimoine industriel s’avère d’une exceptionnelle qualité et son étude reste fondamentale quant à la compréhension d’une ville créative.Cette thèse part d’un cadre théorique combiné avec les tendances et le statut de la protection du patrimoine industriel en Chine. Les lois et règlements en vigueur à Shanghai concernant la protection du patrimoine industriel et des bâtiments industriels sont présentés. Les notions de « patrimoine industriel », de « patrimoine bâti industriel » et de « régénération urbaine » sont clairement définies. Le travail analyse six cas concrets de réhabilitation pour appréhender une stratégie d’extraction des valeurs patrimoniales. La protection du patrimoine industriel à Shanghai est évaluée du point de vue de la continuité, de l'intégrité et de l'authenticité. Enfin la thèse aborde les composantes et les modes de protection de la valeur technologique du patrimoine industriel. Il met en évidence la motivation pour combiner le patrimoine industriel et les industries culturelles et créatives au regard de la politique de la ville, du marché et des espaces. Tout cela agit sur le mécanisme de transformation de la valeur patrimoniale.Cette thèse a aussi pour objectif de présenter l'histoire du développement de ces entreprises créatives bien connues à Shanghai, d'analyser les facteurs contribuant à leur transformation. Bien qu'au sens strict du terme, ils n'appartiennent plus vraiment à la catégorie du « patrimoine industriel », ces nouveaux lieux feront-ils l’objet d’une seconde patrimonialisation ? Leur transformation et leur rénovation font également partie de l'histoire et devront être entièrement documentés. Si l'histoire humaine de la civilisation industrielle est un livre épais, la signification de cette étude est d'ajouter plus de contenu à ce livre pour les générations futures. / Shanghai is a unique city that has played an important and surprising role in the development of modern Chinese cities and industries. Shanghai has always stood at a multicultural intersection. Its geographical, financial and transportation conditions provide a favorable environment for modern industrial development. At the same time, the development of modern industry accelerated the modernization of Shanghai's urban development. In this process, Shanghai's modern industrial heritage has formed a mix of lines and surfaces. Surfaces refer to the modern concession area dominated by the old public concession area. Lines refer to the industrial heritage belt running along Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek. This modern heritage played a key role in Shanghai’s transformation and its establishment as a modern industrial center. Shanghai is thus the most typical city for studying modern Chinese industrial sites.Heritage protection and reuse have always been important subjects in urban development and renewal. With the decline of past industrial zones, old industrial sites become an inevitable part of global urban re-planning. Success or failure depends on the urban environment and future economic development. This paper begins with theoretical research combined with industrial heritage protection trends in China and internationally, defines the research scope, and develops the overall research framework. Cases are selected based on historical research and Shanghai's industrial heritage protection and regeneration is examined through case studies. Heritage value and regeneration design strategy are then developed. Specific content includes:Firstly, theoretical research definitions of "industrial heritage", "industrial building heritage" and "urban regeneration" are presented. Shanghai’s historical industrial development is then reviewed and summarized.Secondly, Shanghai's representative industry is presented with its heritage protection and reuse cases. Based on historical research, six typical cases were selected from the different periods of Shanghai industrial development, the distribution characteristics of these industrial sites, and the reuse status.Thirdly, based on case analysis, Shanghai’s existing laws and regulations related industrial heritage and building protection are presented. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai is evaluated from the perspectives of continuity, integrity, and authenticity. Three aspects of Shanghai's industrial heritage are introduced: distribution, quantity, and style. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai and the mode and existing problems of regeneration are then summarized.Fourthly, the components and protection modes of industrial heritage are discussed. This highlights the motivation for combining industrial heritage and cultural and creative industries in terms of policy, markets, space, and culture. Then, from the "creative city" perspective, this thesis interprets the legal system and transformation mechanism of heritage value.Finally, the three main aspects of industrial regeneration design are discussed: global re-planning, building regeneration, and landscape reconstruction.This thesis presents the development of these well-known Shanghai industries to analyze the factors contributing to their transformation and to see if the transformation strategy is appropriate. Although, in the strict sense, they do not yet belong to the "industrial heritage" category, only becoming part of this heritage as time passes. Their transformation and renovation is also historic and should be fully documented. Which policies and measures are correct and which should be revised? This may well be repeatedly reviewed and judged in the future. Some theories in this paper may also need more time to assess and perfect. If the history of industrial civilization is a thick book, the significance of this study is to add more content for future generations.

Dilapidated immovable cultural monuments, care for them, their salvation and any other use or conservation for future generations is the last time hot topic. Despite the xpensive maintenance and often significantly (whether awaited or already paid) investments in these objects we are more and more aware that these monuments are an integral part of the cultural heritage which uniquely demonstrates creative work, effort, attempt, way of thinking and craftsmanship of previous generations, making it an indispensable and irreplaceable source of knowledge of national history and it is our moral responsibility for the cultural heritage of the past to properly take care of. More and more it is true that the level of preservation of the monuments reflects the maturity of the social system, the public sentiment and democracy in the country. In this doctoral thesis the issue of cultural immovable monuments, definitions of basic concepts in terms of valid and prepared legislation and a general description of conservation including points of view on the value of historically valuable objects and the determination of this value, is introduced. Furthermore, the basic methods usable precisely for the quantification of value including examples of their use, description of the suitability for specific needs or drawbacks of each method, are processed. The proposed methodology for quantifying the value by using multipliers is carefully documented and then presented on a specific investment objective of reconstruction and further use of the dilapidated cultural immovable monument. The aim of the doctoral thesis is to prove or disprove that the use of the multiplier of production of the national economy can build the appropriate method for quantifying the value of investments in immovable cultural monument.