In my diploma thesis I analyze the key issues connected with the difficulties of communication between Spaniards and native inhabitants after the arrival to the American continent in 1492. Concretely, I focus on the first period of contact with the indigenous population. In the first part of the thesis I describe the historical and political situation in the area. Then I characterize the language policy of the Spanish court and also the linguistic situation in Latin America after the arrival of Spaniards. Next part of the thesis is dedicated to dominant Indian languages, which were used for the communication of colonizers and indigenous people and had the most significant influence on the Spanish language. There is also characteristic of the role of interpreters and importance of signs for communication during the conquest of America. The third chapter is dedicated firstly to the theoretical definition of the basic terms relevant for the topic. I describe the ways of enriching the vocabulary of languages and I explain the way how the new vocabulary was transmitted during communication between the Spaniards and the Indians. I also mention the categories of vocabulary which were most influenced by the indigenous languages with examples of loanwords from native languages in Spanish. In final part I...

La presente tesis doctoral ofrece un estudio de los discursos que dan cuenta de las primeras expediciones al Pacífico novohispano, organizadas primero por Hernán Cortés (1522-1540) y luego por el virrey Antonio de Mendoza (1540-1543). El trabajo no solo se centra en el estudio del marco histórico y geográfico de dichos discursos, sino que se detiene especialmente en su análisis dentro de los códigos culturales y retóricos del contexto colonial en el que fueron compuestos. Se llevan a cabo, en este sentido, dos tareas: por un lado, se recopilan y organizan de manera sistemática en un corpus todos los textos vinculados al primer ciclo de exploraciones por el Mar del Sur, labor que no se había realizado hasta la fecha; y, por otro lado, se estudian los textos que integran el citado corpus desde una perspectiva textual y discursiva, poniendo especial atención en el género historiográfico de la relación. El objetivo principal al abordar este corpus es indagar en cómo se representan, en los discursos referidos a las exploraciones por el Pacífico novohispano, los territorios explorados y la otredad indígena.

The thesis deals with the issue of the representation of the New World conquest in literature most accessible to the Czech reader, i.e. not only literature of Czech origin but also translations. The thesis contains representation of different kinds of literature and a narratological analysis of work with the selected topic. The work will point out the plurality and diversity of approaches to the topic and the individual authors who interpret the historical event through their texts. Then, with the help of comparing the individual publications, it will identify the author's possibilities to shape the reader's awareness and knowledge of the conquest but also how these can be manipulated. Diachronic comparisons will also point to changes in reception over time.