Szeto Yi Ki. / Thesis submitted in: December 2000. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-113). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.v / List of Abbreviations --- p.ix / Chapter CHATPER ONE --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Heroin --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Historical Background --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Manufacturing of Heroin --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Route of Administration and Absorption Rate --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Metabolism of Heroin --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Physical and Psychological Effects of Heroin --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- Opioid Receptors --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Mu Opioid Receptors (MOR) --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Kappa Opioid Receptors (KOR) --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Delta Opioid Receptors (DOR) --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3 --- Dopamine Receptors --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- Dopamine Transporter (DAT) --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5 --- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Receptors --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6 --- Mesocorticolimbic Pathway --- p.22 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Neural Substrates of Drug Reinforcement --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Molecular and Cellular Basis of Addiction --- p.26 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Intracellular Substrates of Relapse --- p.29 / Chapter 1.7 --- Environmental Factors in Drug Addiction --- p.30 / Chapter 1.8 --- Genetic Factors in Drug Addiction --- p.32 / Chapter 1.9 --- Aim of Project --- p.35 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter 2.1 --- Recruitment of Subjects 、 --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Heroin-dependent Subjects --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Phenotype Assessment --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Establishment of Socio-demographic Data --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Control Subjects --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2 --- DNA Extraction --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3 --- Genotyping --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- A118G Polymorphism in Exon 1 of the Human MOR (hMOR) Gene --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- C1031G Polymorphism in Intron 2 of the hMOR Gene --- p.45 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- T921C Polymorphism in Exon 3 of the Human DOR (hDOR) Gene --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- 3'VNTR Polymorphism of the DAT Gene --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- TaqI A Polymorphism of the DRD2 Gene --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- NciI Polymorphism of the GABRG2 Gene --- p.48 / Chapter 2.4 --- DNA Sequencing --- p.49 / Chapter 2.5 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- RESULTS / Chapter 3.1 --- Socio-demographic Data --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Age of the Control and Heroin-dependent Subjects --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Education Standard of the Heroin-dependent Subjects --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Years of Heroin Use --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2 --- Addition Severity Index (ASI) --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- ASI-Medical --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- ASI-Employment --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- ASI-Drug --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- ASI-Legal --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- ASI-Family/Social Relationships --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- ASI-Psychiatry --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Correlation Among the Factors of ASI --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3 --- A118G Polymorphism in Exon 1 of the Human Mu Opioid Receptor (hMOR) Gene --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4 --- C1031G Polymorphism in Intron 2 of the hMOR Gene --- p.58 / Chapter 3.5 --- T921C Polymorphism in Exon 3 of the Human Delta Opioid Receptor (hDOR) Gene --- p.59 / Chapter 3.6 --- Interaction Between Genotypes --- p.60 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Combined Genotypes of A118G and C1031G Polymorphisms of the hMOR Gene --- p.60 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Combined Genotypes of A118G Polymorphism of the hMOR Gene and T921C Polymorphism of the hDOR Gene --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Combined Genotypes of C1031G Polymorphism of the hMOR Gene and T921C Polymorphism of the hDOR Gene --- p.61 / Chapter 3.7 --- Correlation Between Allelic Frequencies and Factors of the ASI --- p.62 / Chapter 3.8 --- 3'VNTR Polymorphism of DAT Gene --- p.62 / Chapter 3.9 --- TαqI A Polymorphism of DRD2 Gene --- p.63 / Chapter 3.10 --- NciI Polymorphism of GABRG2 Gene --- p.64 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION --- p.66 / REFERENCES --- p.83 / APPENDIX I The Addiction Severity Index / APPENDIX II Table of Severity Ratings / APPENDIX III Allelic Frequency of A118G Polymorphism in Different Populations / APPENDIX IV Details Information About the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Present Study

Harm minimisation approaches to illicit drug use have proven extremely successful in reducing drug-related harm and improving health outcomes for those using drugs, their families and the broader community. Despite these successes, however, many harm minimisation programmes face strong community opposition, and many others are limited in their effectiveness by their reluctance to acknowledge the complex ways in which drug using contexts, social relationships, desire, pleasure and aesthetics are involved in the production and reduction of drug-related harm.[NP] Deleuze and Guattari’s ethico-aesthetic philosophy offers a conceptual framework through which to begin to grapple with the sensory and affective elements of illicit drug use and their implications for an embodied ethics. Following an introduction to their key concepts, this thesis explores the implications of their ontology for understandings of injecting drug use across four inter-related dimensions: the drug using body; urban spaces of injecting; public overdose memorials; and drug referenced, ‘heroin chic’ advertising imagery. It argues that aesthetics and ethics are complexly intertwined, and that ethically positive responses to drug use require an active appreciation of the ways in which aesthetics affect bodies and their capacities to form relations with others

Harm minimisation approaches to illicit drug use have proven extremely successful in reducing drug-related harm and improving health outcomes for those using drugs, their families and the broader community. Despite these successes, however, many harm minimisation programmes face strong community opposition, and many others are limited in their effectiveness by their reluctance to acknowledge the complex ways in which drug using contexts, social relationships, desire, pleasure and aesthetics are involved in the production and reduction of drug-related harm.[NP] Deleuze and Guattari’s ethico-aesthetic philosophy offers a conceptual framework through which to begin to grapple with the sensory and affective elements of illicit drug use and their implications for an embodied ethics. Following an introduction to their key concepts, this thesis explores the implications of their ontology for understandings of injecting drug use across four inter-related dimensions: the drug using body; urban spaces of injecting; public overdose memorials; and drug referenced, ‘heroin chic’ advertising imagery. It argues that aesthetics and ethics are complexly intertwined, and that ethically positive responses to drug use require an active appreciation of the ways in which aesthetics affect bodies and their capacities to form relations with others

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Heroin addicts are often misunderstood and stigmatised. The aim of this investigation was to provide the reader with a description of the life world of heroin addicts who seem unable to recover from their addiction. The phenomenological method was used in order to achieve the aim of this study. Themes which emerged were that heroin traps the addicts in a paradox - creating meaning for them and robbing them of it at the same time. They develop a personal love relationship with the heroin, which turns into an abusive relationship. Recovery holds no guarantees as the addicts experience the process of recovery as a never ending cycle. This study highlights the value of the phenomenological method in describing the life world of the heroin addict undergoing treatment. Recommendations are made which may be of value to the professional working with the heroin addict. / Social Work / M.A.(Social Science (Mental Health))

Heroin addicts are often misunderstood and stigmatised. The aim of this investigation was to provide the reader with a description of the life world of heroin addicts who seem unable to recover from their addiction. The phenomenological method was used in order to achieve the aim of this study. Themes which emerged were that heroin traps the addicts in a paradox - creating meaning for them and robbing them of it at the same time. They develop a personal love relationship with the heroin, which turns into an abusive relationship. Recovery holds no guarantees as the addicts experience the process of recovery as a never ending cycle. This study highlights the value of the phenomenological method in describing the life world of the heroin addict undergoing treatment. Recommendations are made which may be of value to the professional working with the heroin addict. / Social Work / M.A.(Social Science (Mental Health))

Women have been the focus of a great deal of research on opiate addiction and treatment because their gender is assumed to matter for their experiences in the drug world. Much of this has focused on women's experiences as mothers and caregivers. While men are often included as subjects in research on opiate addiction and treatment, their experiences as gendered beings are rarely analyzed. This research foregrounds men's gendered experiences as fathers, family members, and partners while in methadone maintenance treatment. Using data from addiction history interviews with 33 opiate-dependent men recruited from a single methadone clinic in Arizona, I find that men assign considerable significance to their family relationships. The men interviewed report that their experiences as fathers, grandfathers, sons, grandsons, brothers, husbands, and boyfriends both motivate them to seek methadone treatment for opiate addiction, and cause stress that sometimes pushes them to use or relapse on opiates. Given the importance of these men's family relationships, I argue that the marginalized masculinity of impoverished, drug-dependent men includes an ethic of care. Additionally, I argue that counselors in methadone clinics should consider men in the context of their family relationships in order to provide better treatment to men struggling to recover from opiate addiction.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / This thesis argues that the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia- Peopleâ s Army (FARC-EP), Latin Americaâ s oldest and most powerful guerrilla organization, has not abandoned its ideological beliefs and devolved into a criminal enterprise as a result of its immersion in the drug trade and participation in other illicit activities. Rather, the movement remains an ideologically committed, guerrilla insurgency whose strategic objectives include the defeat of the Colombian military, the toppling of the central government, and the establishment of a regime founded on Marxist-Leninist and â Bolivarianâ principles. While recognizing the important role that resources earned from criminal activities have played in strengthening the FARC-EPâ s challenge to the government, this thesis argues that the guerrilla organizationâ s involvement in the drug trade serves exclusively as a means to an end. However, numerous factors including recent changes in leadership, the recruitment of non-ideologically motivated and poorly educated fighters, and the increased operations tempo have led to the weakening of the ideological commitment of the base. Consequently, many of the FARC-EPâ s newer recruits are poorly educated in the political goals of the insurgency. This, combined with the weakening of the organizationâ s leadership could result in the devolution of the FARC-EP into several criminal enterprises. / Outstanding Thesis

A book of poems composed of an alternating lyric sequence entitled, "Heroin," and other poems.