No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The olefin metathesis reaction is a well established and powerful method for the synthesis of alkenes. This reaction can be further classified into the intermolecular process known as cross-metathesis and the intramolecular process known as ring-closing metathesis. The aim of these studies is the use of the two variants of the metathesis reaction for the development of new methods for the synthesis of heteroaromatic structures, in particular the synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-06T14:20:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE DIGITALIZADA JADSON LIRA.pdf: 4010526 bytes, checksum: 63a863c1b0d3601216c34c2e43933805 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-06T14:20:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE DIGITALIZADA JADSON LIRA.pdf: 4010526 bytes, checksum: 63a863c1b0d3601216c34c2e43933805 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-07 / CNPq / PDSE / CAPES / No presente trabalho foi estudada uma nova metodologia eletroquímica para a síntese de 2,2’-bipiridinas e 3,3’-bipiridazinas através da reação de homoacoplamento catalisada por um complexo de Ni, em eletrodo constituído por uma mistura de materiais carbonáceos (grafite e nanotubos de carbono). Tal metodologia envolveu o uso de uma célula de cavidade e uma pequena quantidade de solvente. Foi constatado que a adição de nanotubos de carbono à composição da matriz catódica, aumentou a área efetiva do eletrodo e a condutividade, contribuindo para o aumento da intensidade da corrente e difusão de espécies iônicas. Foi possível trabalhar com uma solução aquosa de KCl 0,1 mol.L-1 no compartimento anódico com uma redução significativa do uso de solvente orgânico na cavidade catódica (dimetilformamida, 65 vezes menor que uma reação clássica). Também foi possível diminuir a quantidade de solvente necessário para extração e purificação dos produtos (diclorometano/hexano, 100 vezes menor), obtendo-se bons rendimentos para os produtos de acoplamento (83-89%), com exceção das eletrólises que envolveram reagentes di-halogenados (32-79%). Foi observado que a eficiência de corrente variou de acordo com o método de eletrólise (potencial ou corrente controlada), sendo mais efetivo a potencial controlado. Outros catalisadores (Pd e Co) foram testados proporcionando baixos rendimentos de homoacoplamento (<45%). O limite de reutilização do cátodo foi atestado através da análise por XPS de amostras do material coletadas ao longo de quatro eletrólises (sem uso de quantidades adicionais do catalisador e do eletrólito de suporte). E revelou uma redução na atividade do catalisador de níquel, possivelmente provocada pela mudança na sua composição após sucessivas eletrólises. / In the present work, it was investigated a new electrochemical method for the synthesis of 2,2'-bipyridines and 3,3’-bipyridazines through the homocoupling reaction catalyzed by a Ni complex, into an electrode comprising a mixture of carbonaceous materials (graphite and carbon nanotubes). This methodology involved the use of a cavity cell and a small amount of solvent (dimethylformamide 300L). The addition of carbon nanotubes to the cathode matrix composition increased the effective area of the electrode and conductivity, thus contributing increment of the current intensity and diffusion of ionic species. It was possible to work with a 0.1 mol.L-1 KCl aqueous solution in the anode compartment, with a significant reduction of organic solvent used in the cathodic cavity (dimethylformamide, 65 times lower than the classical reaction). It was also possible to reduce the amount of solvent needed for extraction and purification of the product (dichloromethane/hexane, 100 times lower), resulting in good yields of the coupling product (83-89%), except with electrolysis involving dihalogenated reagents (32-79%). It was also observed that the current efficiency varies with the electrolysis method (controlled potential or current), being more efficient at controlled potential. Other catalysts (Pd and Co) were tested providing low yields of the homocoupling product (<45%). The recycling limit of the cathode was attested by XPS analysis of the material collected over four electrolysis (without the use of additional amounts of the catalyst and supporting electrolyte), which revealed a reduction in the nickel catalyst activity; possibily caused by the change in its composition after successive electrolysis.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Le développement de nouvelles méthodes de synthèse de molécules hétérocycliques originales représente un enjeu actuel majeur en chimie organique. L’objectif est de fournir de nouveaux outils chimiques pour le développement de molécules actives en chimie médicinale et/ou pour l’étude de la biologie chimique, tout en contribuant à l’exploration de l’espace chimique.Dans ce contexte, le travail effectué au cours de cette thèse de doctorat a visé à élaborer de nouvelles voies de synthèse de motifs tétrahydro-[1,6]-naphtyridines. La pierre angulaire des méthodologies développées réside dans l’utilisation des 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines comme des plateformes synthétiques bifonctionnelles. Ces composés ont été développés pour réagir à la fois comme accepteurs de Michael et comme aza-diènes dansdes cycloadditions de Diels-Alder à demande électronique inverse. Un intérêt tout particulier a été porté à lamise au point de stratégies synthétiques innovantes, par des réactions en cascade permettant une synthèse rapide et efficace des molécules cibles, et des approches de catalyse organique visant des transformations énantiosélectives.La synthèse de nouvelles 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines et le développement de stratégies de réactions d’addition conjuguée/cycloadditions en cascade et de synthèses monotopes organocatalysées ont fournis l’accès à une vaste gamme de nouvelles tétrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridines diversement substituées. / The development of new methods for the synthesis of original heterocyclic molecules represents a current concern in organic chemistry, aiming to furnish medicinal chemistry and chemical biology with new chemical tools and contribute to the exploration of chemical space.In this context, the work which was carried out during this PhD thesis focused on the elaboration of new approaches for the synthesis of tetrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridine scaffolds. The original use of 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines as bifunctional synthetic platforms, able to react both as Michael acceptor and as aza-diene in inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloadditions, is the keystone our methodology is based upon. The development of domino reactions – allowing quick and efficient synthesis of targeted compounds – remaineda perpetual concern evolving along side our preoccupation to access enantioselective transformations relying on organocatalysis.The synthesis of new 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines platforms and the elaboration of domino conjugate addition/cycloadditions and orgonocatalyzed one-pot synthesis strategies enabled to synthetize a wide panelof new diversly substituted tetrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridines compounds.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

A brief summary of the use of palladium as a catalyst, the characteristic reactivity of palladium complexes and the commonly used palladium-catalysed cross coupling reactions is given, with a special focus on the palladium-catalysed α-arylation of enolates and its application to the synthesis of aromatic heterocycles. The synthesis of aromatic heterocycles via both traditional methods and more recent metal-catalysed approaches is discussed in the context of isoquinolines. The palladium-catalysed oxidation of dihydrofurans bearing an ortho-bromophenyl group at the 2-position to the corresponding 2-phenyl furans is disclosed along with some preliminary mechanistic investigations. A novel synthetic route to isoquinolines is detailed involving the palladium-catalysed α-arylation of ketone enolates with an appropriate ortho-substituted aryl halide to furnish a protected 1,5-dicarbonyl intermediate. The versatility of these intermediates is demonstrated with their conversion into isoquinolines, isoquinoline N-oxides and naphthols. The scope of the synthetic procedure is fully exemplified across more than 30 different scaffolds covering the full spectrum of electron-rich to electron-deficient moieties. The intermediates were shown to be amenable to functionalisation with electrophiles, leading to isoquinolines bearing additional substitution at the C4 position. Sequential one-pot procedures were developed allowing three and four component couplings to directly deliver highly-substituted isoquinolines from commercially available starting materials. This methodology was utilised in the total synthesis of the natural product berberine in 26% overall yield and a longest linear sequence of six steps.

Les hétérocycles sont des motifs présents dans un grand nombre de produits naturels et synthétiques possédant une activité biologique. Le développement de méthodes pour construire ces motifs constitue un axe de recherche important et de nombreuses voies de synthèse ont été et sont encore aujourd'hui étudiées. Au cours de ces travaux de thèse, plusieurs méthodologies ont été développées permettant l'accès à de nouveaux hétérocycles: Une première étude sur l'hydrogénation des indoles et sur l'influence de leur substitution a été réalisée. Ces travaux ont permis de mettre au point une méthode simple et efficace pour obtenir des indoles partiellement ou totalement saturés. Dans un second temps la mise au point de conditions sans solvant et sans métal pour la réaction de cyclisation de Prins a conduit à l'isolation de tetrahydropyranes et à leur utilisation de manière séquentielle avec la réaction de Bartoli. Ces conditions se sont également avérées très efficaces pour la formation de sultames. Enfin, une approche synthétique vers les decytospolides A et B a été réalisée en utilisant comme réaction clé la réaction de cyclisation de Prins / The heterocyclic skeleton is present in many natural and synthetic products with biological activity. The development of methods to build these patterns is an important area of research and many synthetic routes have been and are still being studied. During this work, several methods have been developed allowing access to new heterocyclic compounds: first the hydrogenation of indoles and the influence of their substitution was realised. This work allowed to develop a simple, selective and efficient method to obtain partially or fully saturated indoles. Next the development of neat and metal-free conditions for the Prins cyclization reaction gave tetrahydropyrans and was sequentially used with the Bartoli reaction. These conditions have also proved to be very efficient for sultam synthesis. Finally, a synthetic approach to decytospolides A and B was performed using the Prins cyclization reaction as key step