Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-13T12:58:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 edilenarodriguesdasilva.pdf: 360600 bytes, checksum: 33c0409db66bc031248d81ce2e6f99c6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T14:09:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 edilenarodriguesdasilva.pdf: 360600 bytes, checksum: 33c0409db66bc031248d81ce2e6f99c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T14:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 edilenarodriguesdasilva.pdf: 360600 bytes, checksum: 33c0409db66bc031248d81ce2e6f99c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Boophilus microplus (Canestrini,1887) (Acari: Ixodidae) o carrapato dos bovinos é um ectoparasito associados à diversas doenças que podem levar o animal a diminuição de sua produção e até mesmo à morte. O principal meio de controle deste carrapato é realizado por meio de carrapaticidas, os quais, estão possibilitando a disseminação da resistência das populações de carrapatos. Os nematóides entomopatogênicos, têm sido apontados como excelentes candidatos ao controle biológicos de insetos, e trabalhos recentes mostram suas eficácias contra carrapatos.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do isolado LPP1 (proveniente da cidade de Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brasil) da espécie Heterorhabditis indica (Poinar, Karanukar & David, 1992), sobre a biologia reprodutiva de fêmeas ingurgitadas de B. microplus. Foram testadas diferentes concentrações com 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400 e 4800 juvenis dispersos água destilada, por fêmea. Cada grupo de 30 fêmeas foi separado em seis placas de Petri com areia, cada uma com cinco fêmeas, totalizando 8 grupos. Os tratamentos e o controle foram acondicionados em câmara climatizada a 27 ± 1° C e UR>80%, durante 48 horas. Depois o tempo de exposição, as fêmeas que estavam vivas foram individualmente acondicionadas em potes plásticos, e observadas diariamente até a última morte. Foi observado inicio e final da postura para fêmeas que ovipositaram, data da morte e aspecto pós-morte, para todas as fêmeas. Foram avaliados: peso inicial da fêmea, período de pré-postura, período postura, período de sobrevivência, peso da postura, alteração do peso da fêmea, peso final da fêmea, período de incubação dos ovos (PIO), percentual de eclosão (%EC), índice de produção de ovos (IPO), índice nutricional (IN), percentual de controle (%C). Os pesos iniciais, períodos de pré-postura, do grupo controle em relação a todos os tratamentos não mostraram diferenças. Os pesos finais mostraram diferença entre o grupo controle e os grupos tratados, o que não ocorreu entre os tratamentos. Na alteração do peso da fêmea e índice nutricional houve diferença entre o grupo controle e os grupos tratados, aumentando à medida que a concentração de juvenis crescia. Tanto no período de postura quanto no período de sobrevivência houve evidente redução. A massa de ovos e a porcentagem de eclosão larval foram reduzidas. O índice de produção de ovos do grupo controle mostrouse semelhante a menor concentração e diferente entre os demais tratamentos. Todas as concentrações apresentaram eficácia acima de 95% de controle do carrapato. / The cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (Acari: Ixodidae) is an ectoparasite associated with various diseases that can reduce animals’ production on even cause their death. The main control method is application of carrapaticides, which can lead to resistant tick populations. Entomopathogenic nematodes have been indicated as excellent candidates for biological control of insect, and recent studies have shown their efficacy against ticks. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the LPP1 isolate (from Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil) of the species Heterorhabditis indica (Poinar, Karanukar & David, 1992) on the reproductive biology of ingurgitated B. microplus females. Different nematode concentrations were tested, with 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400 and 4800 infective juveniles dispersed in distilled water per female. Each group of 30 females was separated into six Petri dishes containing sand, each with five females, for a total of eight groups including the control. The Petri dishes were then kept in a climate controlled chamber at 27 ± 1° C and UR>80%, for 48 hours. After the exposure time, the females that were still alive were placed individually in plastic cups and observed daily until the last one died. The start and end of laying was observed for females that laid eggs, and the date of death and post mortem aspect were noted for all females. The other parameters recorded were initial weight, pre-laying period, laying period, survival period, egg mass weight, change in weight and final weight of the female ticks, egg incubation period (EPI), larval hatching rate (% HR), egg production index (EIP), nutritional index (NI), and control percentage (%C). There were no differences observed in the initial weight and pre-laying period between the control group and all the treatments. There was a difference in the final weight of the control group and treated groups, but none among the treatments. In relation to female weight and nutritional index, there was a difference between the control group and treated groups, which increased as the concentration of infective juveniles went up. There was an evident reduction in the treated groups both in laying period and survival period. The egg mass and the hatching percentage were smaller in the treated groups. The egg production index was similar in the control group and the treated group with the lowest concentration, and different for the other concentrations. All the treatments with nematodes showed efficacy greater than 95% in controlling the ticks.

Orientador: Antonio Batista Filho / Banca: Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken / Banca: Luis Garrigós Leite / Resumo: Dentre os insetos pragas mais freqüentes e limitantes à produção de frutas, incluem-se a mosca-do-mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), e o gorgulho-da-goiaba, Conotrachelus psidii (Marshal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). As larvas desses insetos se alimentam da polpa das frutas, sendo que no final dessa fase, os insetos descem para o solo onde se enterram e atravessam a fase de pupa. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a virulência de 7 nematóides dos gêneros Steinernema e Heterorhabditis contra a mosca-do-mediterrâneo, e o potencial de Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David 1992 no controle desse inseto e do gorgulho-da-goiaba. Foram realizados cinco experimentos, sendo um experimento em laboratório, três em casa de vegetação e um em campo. De acordo com os resultados, a mosca-do-mediterrâneo é suscetível aos nematóides quando exposta no estágio de pré-pupa e fase de pupa com 1 dia de desenvolvimento; O nematóide H. indica IBCB n5 mostrou-se como o mais virulento contra C. capitata. No teste de campo procurando avaliar H. indica IBCB n5 contra C. capitata e contra C. psidii, todos os tratamentos diferenciaram significativamente da testemunha. O nematóide apresentou-se bem mais eficiente contra a mosca-do¬mediterrâneo, com mortalidade do inseto de 66% e 93% para as dosagens de 1 e 10 JI/cm², respectivamente, do que contra o gorgulho-da-goiaba, com mortalidade de 33% e 50%, respectivamente, tendo todos esses tratamentos diferidos significativamente da testemunha / Abstract: The fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, and the guava weevil, Conotrachelus psidii, are among the most frequent and injurious pest of fruit crops. The insects larva feed on the fruit pulp and, at the end of this phase, the insects reach the soil where they spent their pupa phase. This research aimed to evaluate the virulence of 7 strains of entomopathogenic nematodes against the fruit fly in laboratory and green house conditions, and the efficiency of Heterorhabditis indica IBCB n5 against this insect and the guava weevil on field conditions. Five trials were done, being one trial done in laboratory, 3 in green house, and one at field condition. According to the results, the fruit fly is susceptible to the nematodes when exposed at the phases of pre-pupa and one day aged pupa. H. indica IBCB n5 was the most virulent nematode against C. capitata. At the field trial aiming to evaluate the efficiency of H. indica IBCB n5 against C. capitata and C. psidii, all the treatments with the nematode differed significantly from the control. H. indica IBCB n5 showed being much more virulent to the fruit fly, with insect mortality ranging from 66% to 93% at the dosages from 1 to 10 IJ/cm2, respective than to the guava weevil, with mortality ranging from 33 to 50%, respectively / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ac_me_botfca.pdf: 1497139 bytes, checksum: 1ec5c66837f996b2bf5ed59ec09974f8 (MD5) / Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Agrícola (FUNDAG) / Dentre os insetos pragas mais freqüentes e limitantes à produção de frutas, incluem-se a mosca-do-mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), e o gorgulho-da-goiaba, Conotrachelus psidii (Marshal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). As larvas desses insetos se alimentam da polpa das frutas, sendo que no final dessa fase, os insetos descem para o solo onde se enterram e atravessam a fase de pupa. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a virulência de 7 nematóides dos gêneros Steinernema e Heterorhabditis contra a mosca-do-mediterrâneo, e o potencial de Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David 1992 no controle desse inseto e do gorgulho-da-goiaba. Foram realizados cinco experimentos, sendo um experimento em laboratório, três em casa de vegetação e um em campo. De acordo com os resultados, a mosca-do-mediterrâneo é suscetível aos nematóides quando exposta no estágio de pré-pupa e fase de pupa com 1 dia de desenvolvimento; O nematóide H. indica IBCB n5 mostrou-se como o mais virulento contra C. capitata. No teste de campo procurando avaliar H. indica IBCB n5 contra C. capitata e contra C. psidii, todos os tratamentos diferenciaram significativamente da testemunha. O nematóide apresentou-se bem mais eficiente contra a mosca-do¬mediterrâneo, com mortalidade do inseto de 66% e 93% para as dosagens de 1 e 10 JI/cm², respectivamente, do que contra o gorgulho-da-goiaba, com mortalidade de 33% e 50%, respectivamente, tendo todos esses tratamentos diferidos significativamente da testemunha / The fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, and the guava weevil, Conotrachelus psidii, are among the most frequent and injurious pest of fruit crops. The insects larva feed on the fruit pulp and, at the end of this phase, the insects reach the soil where they spent their pupa phase. This research aimed to evaluate the virulence of 7 strains of entomopathogenic nematodes against the fruit fly in laboratory and green house conditions, and the efficiency of Heterorhabditis indica IBCB n5 against this insect and the guava weevil on field conditions. Five trials were done, being one trial done in laboratory, 3 in green house, and one at field condition. According to the results, the fruit fly is susceptible to the nematodes when exposed at the phases of pre-pupa and one day aged pupa. H. indica IBCB n5 was the most virulent nematode against C. capitata. At the field trial aiming to evaluate the efficiency of H. indica IBCB n5 against C. capitata and C. psidii, all the treatments with the nematode differed significantly from the control. H. indica IBCB n5 showed being much more virulent to the fruit fly, with insect mortality ranging from 66% to 93% at the dosages from 1 to 10 IJ/cm2, respective than to the guava weevil, with mortality ranging from 33 to 50%, respectively

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tavares_fm_dr_botfca.pdf: 538754 bytes, checksum: da1ec50d10839c5269a5a1390715eb52 (MD5) / Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Agrícola (FUNDAG) / Nematóides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) dos gêneros Heterorhabditis e Steinernema vem sendo utilizados para o controle de mosca-dos-fungos em diversos países. Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes isolados de NEPs, contra larvas de Bradysia mabiusi, em condições de laboratório e casa de vegetação. Nos testes de seleção de isolados, o nematóide Heterorhabditis indica apresentou melhor desempenho comparado a todos os demais isolados, proporcionando mortalidade do inseto de até 98%. Para o estudo em casa de vegetação, avaliou-se o efeito dos nematóides entomopatogênicos Heterorhabditis indica e Steinernema feltiae, nas dosagens de 10, 50 e 100 JI/cm2, em cultivo protegido de Chrysanthemum sp. Foram realizados 3 experimentos. Houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos somente no terceiro teste, entretanto, nos três testes os nematóides demonstraram uma tendência de redução na população do inseto, em função do aumento das dosagens, o que sugere o efeito dos agentes no controle do inseto. Da mesma forma, em todos os testes, o nematóide H. indica apresentou maior redução na população da mosca-dos-fungos que o S. feltiae, confirmando sua maior eficiência com níveis de controle variando de 6 a 67,5% no primeiro ensaio, de 17 a 77,5% no segundo, e de 62,5 a 78,5% no terceiro. Os resultados revelam que H. indica apresenta potencial de uso para o controle da mosca-dos-fungos. / Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genus Heterorhabditis and Steinernema have been use against the fungus gnat in several countries. This study aimed to evaluate different strains of EPNs against larvae of Bradysia mabiusi, in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. At the screening of EPNs, the nematode H. indica showed better performance compared to the other nematodes, providing up to 98% mortality of the insect. To the study in greenhouse, evaluated the effects of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis indica e Steinernema feltiae, at dosage of 10, 50 and 100 IJ/cm2 in commercial growth of Chrysanthemum sp., in greenhouse conditions. Three experiments were accomplished. There were significative difference among the treatments only for the third experiment, mean while, in the three tests, the nematodes showed a tendency of reduction on the insect population according to the dosage increase, which suggest the effect of the agents on the insect control. In addition, in all the tests, the nematode H. indica showed higher reduction on the insect population compared to the S. feltiae, confirming its higher efficiency with control levels ranging from 6 to 67,5% in the first test, from 17 to 77,5% in the second, and from 62,5 to 78,5% in the third. The data show that H. indica has potential use for the controlling of the fungus gnat.

Orientador: Antonio Batista Filho / Banca: Carlos Frederico Wilcken / Banca: Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken / Banca: Laerte Antonio Machado / Banca: Inajá Marchizeli Wenzel / Resumo: Nematóides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) dos gêneros Heterorhabditis e Steinernema vem sendo utilizados para o controle de mosca-dos-fungos em diversos países. Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes isolados de NEPs, contra larvas de Bradysia mabiusi, em condições de laboratório e casa de vegetação. Nos testes de seleção de isolados, o nematóide Heterorhabditis indica apresentou melhor desempenho comparado a todos os demais isolados, proporcionando mortalidade do inseto de até 98%. Para o estudo em casa de vegetação, avaliou-se o efeito dos nematóides entomopatogênicos Heterorhabditis indica e Steinernema feltiae, nas dosagens de 10, 50 e 100 JI/cm2, em cultivo protegido de Chrysanthemum sp. Foram realizados 3 experimentos. Houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos somente no terceiro teste, entretanto, nos três testes os nematóides demonstraram uma tendência de redução na população do inseto, em função do aumento das dosagens, o que sugere o efeito dos agentes no controle do inseto. Da mesma forma, em todos os testes, o nematóide H. indica apresentou maior redução na população da mosca-dos-fungos que o S. feltiae, confirmando sua maior eficiência com níveis de controle variando de 6 a 67,5% no primeiro ensaio, de 17 a 77,5% no segundo, e de 62,5 a 78,5% no terceiro. Os resultados revelam que H. indica apresenta potencial de uso para o controle da mosca-dos-fungos. / Abstract: Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genus Heterorhabditis and Steinernema have been use against the fungus gnat in several countries. This study aimed to evaluate different strains of EPNs against larvae of Bradysia mabiusi, in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. At the screening of EPNs, the nematode H. indica showed better performance compared to the other nematodes, providing up to 98% mortality of the insect. To the study in greenhouse, evaluated the effects of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis indica e Steinernema feltiae, at dosage of 10, 50 and 100 IJ/cm2 in commercial growth of Chrysanthemum sp., in greenhouse conditions. Three experiments were accomplished. There were significative difference among the treatments only for the third experiment, mean while, in the three tests, the nematodes showed a tendency of reduction on the insect population according to the dosage increase, which suggest the effect of the agents on the insect control. In addition, in all the tests, the nematode H. indica showed higher reduction on the insect population compared to the S. feltiae, confirming its higher efficiency with control levels ranging from 6 to 67,5% in the first test, from 17 to 77,5% in the second, and from 62,5 to 78,5% in the third. The data show that H. indica has potential use for the controlling of the fungus gnat. / Doutor

The primary objectives of this research are to determine effective biological and alternative control strategies of insect and disease pests in order to reduce harsh chemical use during greenhouse crop production and transport s. This research includes two separate studies: 1) testing the practical viability of rearing and storing four species of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis indica; and, 2) the efficacy of UV-C radiation applied, pre-transport, as a preventative disease control strategy against Botrytis cinerea. A study was conducted testing EPN infectious juvenile (IJ) rearing production counts and IJ viability after a six-day storage period. When all four species are compared, S. feltiae had a greater number of infectious juveniles emerge from the wax moth cadavers and S. carpocasae had the least. All four species survived the six day storage period but EPN infectious juvenile counts were significantly different among species. Our second study tested the efficacy of UV-C radiation as an alternative control to traditional fungicides to deactivate B. cinerea in vitro and to determine plant tolerance to UV-C. The crops tested were poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and primula (Primula vulgaris). All the UV-C doses, 1.0, 2.8, 3.7 or 4 W/m2, significantly decreased B. cinerea conidial germination in vitro and resulted in zero percent damage on poinsettia bracts. However, all UV-C doses during both replications caused minor damage, 15% or less, to primula flowers. / Master of Science in Life Sciences / Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) shows promise in being non-chemical and environmentally friendly solution for greenhouse pest and disease control. These can also be referred to as Biological Controls (Biocontrols). Entomopathogenic nematodes are used widely to control multiple greenhouse plant pests which include both Lycoriella spp., Fungus Gnats, and Frankliniella spp., Western Flower Thrips. However, there are challenges with EPN viability and storage from the manufacture to the greenhouse producer. We studied four EPN species, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis indica, which were reared and stored to determine differences in production viability between species. Results show that the EPN species do not respond the same to storage and produce different amounts of infectious juveniles during rearing when conditions are the same. Separate from, but just as concerning as greenhouses plant pests are plant diseases. Ultraviolet radiation in the C spectra is known to be germicidal due to its narrow wavelengths. Because of this, UV-C has been shown to deactivate many different plant pathogens on contact and is being considered as a possible Biocontrol alternative to harsh traditional fungicides and bactericides. One disease that is known to contribute to the highest volume of annual crop losses is Botrytis cinerea. Botrytis cinerea is a plant disease that impacts floricultural crops to vegetables during propagation through the production supply chain to shipping and storage. We evaluated UV-C radiation at different doses, to determine if it could be used to replace a traditional fungicide before plants are shipped to reduce B. cinerea infection during transport. We found that UV-C successfully deactivated B. cinerea in vitro, but the viability of the application to plant tissue before transport has yet to be proven successful as a practical method of reducing B. cinerea during transport.