As sub-bacias Rincón Blanco e Cerro Puntudo são depocentros pertencente à parte norte da Bacia de Cuyo, que está exposta em um terreno alóctone da Pre- Cordilheira, Andes Centrais, Argentina. Este terreno é descrito como parte do Supercontinente Laurentia, que foi adicionado ao protomargin Gondwana durante o Oroviciano. A bacia, que é um rifte Triássico, foi preenchida predominantemente de sedimentos clásticos e material vulcânico, vulcanclástico e piroclástico em ambiente continental, e é composta de vários meio-grabens assimétricos conectados por zonas de acomodação. Análises isotópicas de UPb e Lu-Hf em zircão foram realizadas nas unidades do embasamento, rochas vulcanoclásticas rochas e tufos de ambas as sub-bacias triássicas. O embasamento, representado por rochas vulcânicas andesíticas, foi datado em 269,9 ± 2,9 Ma com idades modelo de Hf de 1,34 a 1,60 bilhões de anos (Ga). As rochas vulcanoclásticas são compostas por zircões com idades de 238 a 1433 milhões de anos (Ma), com moda principal no Permiano-Triássico e Esteniano (1,0 a 1,2 Ga). Riolito e tufos triássicos formaram-se entre 246 e 230 Ma e têm idades modelo Hf variando de 1,02 a 1,50 Ga. Assim, as rochas vulcanoclásticas presentes apresentam dominantemente idades mesoproterozóicas, as quais são correlacionados ao Evento Grenviliano. Alguns grãos de zircão mostram idades modelo Hf paleoproterozóicas, que são interpretadas como sugestiva proveniência do Supercontinente Gondwana. A presença de idades mesoproterozoica dominante sugere que o magmatismo ácido associado a Bacia do Cuyo e o próprio Terreno Alóctono Cuyano tenha um embasamente Grenviliano. / The sub-basins Rincón Blanco and Cerro Puntudo are depocenter belonging to the northern part of the Cuyo Basin, exposed in an allochthonous terrane of Laurentia that was added to the Gondwana protomargin and now exposed in the Precordillera Argentina. The rift basin was filled predominantly of pyroclastic and continental clastic sediments, and is composed of many asymmetric grabens half-linked by accommodation zones. U-Pb and Lu-Hf zircon isotope analyses were carried out in the basement units and volcanoclastic rocks and tuffs of both Triassic sub-basins. Basement rocks were dated at 269.9±2.9 Ma with Hf model ages 1.34 to 1.60 Ga. The volcanoclastic rocks contain zircons crystallized from 238 Ma to 1433 Ma with main peak at Permian-Triassic and Stenian (1.0 to 1.2 Ga). The Triassic rhyolite and tuffs formed between 246 and 230 Ma and have Hf model ages ranging from 1.02 to 1.50 Ga. Indeed, the volcanoclastic rocks present dominant Mesoproterozoic ages, mostly correlated to the Grenvillian. Some zircon grains show Hf Paleoproterozoic model ages which are interpreted to be part of Gondwana cratonic areas. The presence of dominant Mesoproteorzoic favored the hypotheses of a Grevillian basement for the related acid magmatism of the Cuyo Basin and allocthonous Cuyan Terrane.

As sub-bacias Rincón Blanco e Cerro Puntudo são depocentros pertencente à parte norte da Bacia de Cuyo, que está exposta em um terreno alóctone da Pre- Cordilheira, Andes Centrais, Argentina. Este terreno é descrito como parte do Supercontinente Laurentia, que foi adicionado ao protomargin Gondwana durante o Oroviciano. A bacia, que é um rifte Triássico, foi preenchida predominantemente de sedimentos clásticos e material vulcânico, vulcanclástico e piroclástico em ambiente continental, e é composta de vários meio-grabens assimétricos conectados por zonas de acomodação. Análises isotópicas de UPb e Lu-Hf em zircão foram realizadas nas unidades do embasamento, rochas vulcanoclásticas rochas e tufos de ambas as sub-bacias triássicas. O embasamento, representado por rochas vulcânicas andesíticas, foi datado em 269,9 ± 2,9 Ma com idades modelo de Hf de 1,34 a 1,60 bilhões de anos (Ga). As rochas vulcanoclásticas são compostas por zircões com idades de 238 a 1433 milhões de anos (Ma), com moda principal no Permiano-Triássico e Esteniano (1,0 a 1,2 Ga). Riolito e tufos triássicos formaram-se entre 246 e 230 Ma e têm idades modelo Hf variando de 1,02 a 1,50 Ga. Assim, as rochas vulcanoclásticas presentes apresentam dominantemente idades mesoproterozóicas, as quais são correlacionados ao Evento Grenviliano. Alguns grãos de zircão mostram idades modelo Hf paleoproterozóicas, que são interpretadas como sugestiva proveniência do Supercontinente Gondwana. A presença de idades mesoproterozoica dominante sugere que o magmatismo ácido associado a Bacia do Cuyo e o próprio Terreno Alóctono Cuyano tenha um embasamente Grenviliano. / The sub-basins Rincón Blanco and Cerro Puntudo are depocenter belonging to the northern part of the Cuyo Basin, exposed in an allochthonous terrane of Laurentia that was added to the Gondwana protomargin and now exposed in the Precordillera Argentina. The rift basin was filled predominantly of pyroclastic and continental clastic sediments, and is composed of many asymmetric grabens half-linked by accommodation zones. U-Pb and Lu-Hf zircon isotope analyses were carried out in the basement units and volcanoclastic rocks and tuffs of both Triassic sub-basins. Basement rocks were dated at 269.9±2.9 Ma with Hf model ages 1.34 to 1.60 Ga. The volcanoclastic rocks contain zircons crystallized from 238 Ma to 1433 Ma with main peak at Permian-Triassic and Stenian (1.0 to 1.2 Ga). The Triassic rhyolite and tuffs formed between 246 and 230 Ma and have Hf model ages ranging from 1.02 to 1.50 Ga. Indeed, the volcanoclastic rocks present dominant Mesoproterozoic ages, mostly correlated to the Grenvillian. Some zircon grains show Hf Paleoproterozoic model ages which are interpreted to be part of Gondwana cratonic areas. The presence of dominant Mesoproteorzoic favored the hypotheses of a Grevillian basement for the related acid magmatism of the Cuyo Basin and allocthonous Cuyan Terrane.

As sub-bacias Rincón Blanco e Cerro Puntudo são depocentros pertencente à parte norte da Bacia de Cuyo, que está exposta em um terreno alóctone da Pre- Cordilheira, Andes Centrais, Argentina. Este terreno é descrito como parte do Supercontinente Laurentia, que foi adicionado ao protomargin Gondwana durante o Oroviciano. A bacia, que é um rifte Triássico, foi preenchida predominantemente de sedimentos clásticos e material vulcânico, vulcanclástico e piroclástico em ambiente continental, e é composta de vários meio-grabens assimétricos conectados por zonas de acomodação. Análises isotópicas de UPb e Lu-Hf em zircão foram realizadas nas unidades do embasamento, rochas vulcanoclásticas rochas e tufos de ambas as sub-bacias triássicas. O embasamento, representado por rochas vulcânicas andesíticas, foi datado em 269,9 ± 2,9 Ma com idades modelo de Hf de 1,34 a 1,60 bilhões de anos (Ga). As rochas vulcanoclásticas são compostas por zircões com idades de 238 a 1433 milhões de anos (Ma), com moda principal no Permiano-Triássico e Esteniano (1,0 a 1,2 Ga). Riolito e tufos triássicos formaram-se entre 246 e 230 Ma e têm idades modelo Hf variando de 1,02 a 1,50 Ga. Assim, as rochas vulcanoclásticas presentes apresentam dominantemente idades mesoproterozóicas, as quais são correlacionados ao Evento Grenviliano. Alguns grãos de zircão mostram idades modelo Hf paleoproterozóicas, que são interpretadas como sugestiva proveniência do Supercontinente Gondwana. A presença de idades mesoproterozoica dominante sugere que o magmatismo ácido associado a Bacia do Cuyo e o próprio Terreno Alóctono Cuyano tenha um embasamente Grenviliano. / The sub-basins Rincón Blanco and Cerro Puntudo are depocenter belonging to the northern part of the Cuyo Basin, exposed in an allochthonous terrane of Laurentia that was added to the Gondwana protomargin and now exposed in the Precordillera Argentina. The rift basin was filled predominantly of pyroclastic and continental clastic sediments, and is composed of many asymmetric grabens half-linked by accommodation zones. U-Pb and Lu-Hf zircon isotope analyses were carried out in the basement units and volcanoclastic rocks and tuffs of both Triassic sub-basins. Basement rocks were dated at 269.9±2.9 Ma with Hf model ages 1.34 to 1.60 Ga. The volcanoclastic rocks contain zircons crystallized from 238 Ma to 1433 Ma with main peak at Permian-Triassic and Stenian (1.0 to 1.2 Ga). The Triassic rhyolite and tuffs formed between 246 and 230 Ma and have Hf model ages ranging from 1.02 to 1.50 Ga. Indeed, the volcanoclastic rocks present dominant Mesoproterozoic ages, mostly correlated to the Grenvillian. Some zircon grains show Hf Paleoproterozoic model ages which are interpreted to be part of Gondwana cratonic areas. The presence of dominant Mesoproteorzoic favored the hypotheses of a Grevillian basement for the related acid magmatism of the Cuyo Basin and allocthonous Cuyan Terrane.

La lithosphère continentale est physiquement et chimiquement segmentée. La cartographie des isotopes radiogéniques de roches plutoniques acides, représentatives de la croûte continentale, et de laves basiques, représentatives du manteau, possède des similarités avec la cartographie sismique de la lithosphère sous-jacente. Ces similitudes permettent d’interpréter les observations sismiques en étudiant leurs caractéristiques chimiques et leur âge. Les isotopes du plomb permettent de dater et d’identifier l’empilement de segments crustaux qui forment la croûte. L’écart des âges modèles du plomb avec d’autres systèmes identifie le recyclage crustal et le réchauffement de la croûte au dessus de la température du système plomb-plomb. Le système plomb-plomb donne également accès au sous-étudié rapport Th/U qui contraint la profondeur de la source des roches continentales. Certains échantillons de l’ouest U.S.A. proviennent de la croute inférieure, et se sont formés par l’extension crustale ou par un flux de matériel au sein de la croûte. Les isotopes du néodyme et de l’hafnium marquent la fusion du manteau lithosphérique enrichis sous le Colorado Plateau, une région où est observée le détachement du manteau lithosphérique sub-continental. Ce manteau fond par décompression adiabatique, par extension localisée ou remontée asthénosphérique engendrée par la convection locale. Au final, l’association des systèmes isotopiques du plomb, du néodyme, et de l’hafnium avec la sismologie est une approche puissante pour étudier la formation et la déformation de la lithosphère continentale. / Continental lithosphere is physically and chemically segmented. The mapping at a continent size scale of radiogenic isotopes from plutonic acid rocks, sampling the continental crust, and from mafic lavas, sampling the mantle, has similarities with the seismic mapping of the underlying lithosphere. These similarities allow to interpret the seismic observations by studying their chemical characteristics and age. Lead isotopes are used to date and identify the stacking of crustal segments that form the crust. The deviation of Lead model ages with other system is used to identify crustal recycling and the heating of the crust above the Lead-Lead system closing temperature. The Lead-Lead system also give access to the under-studied Th/U ratio that constrains the depth of the continental rock sources. Somes samples from the Western U.S. are coming from the lower crust, formed by crustal extension or crustal flowing within the crust. Neodymium and Hafnium isotopes identify the fusion of an enriched lithospheric mantle under the Colorado Plateau, a place where lithospheric delamination has been observed. This mantle melts by adiabatic decompression due to localized expansion or asthenospheric upwelling caused by secondary convection. At the end, the merging of Lead, Neodymium, and Hafnium isotopic systems with seismology is a powerful tool to study the formation and deformation of the continental lithosphere.

The structural lineament mapping of southern India along withgeological, geochronological datasets help in redefining the Precambrian crustal blocks.The newly proposed Kumta and Mercara suture zones welding Archean crustal blocks in western peninsular India offer critical insights into the crustal evolution of Gondwana. The Kumta suturemainly consists of schistose rocks including quartz-phengite, garnet-biotite, chlorite, fuchsite and marble, whereas the Mercara suture contains mylonitic quartzo-feldspathic gneiss, garnet-kyanite-sillimanite gneiss, calc-silicate granulite and metagabbro. Metamorphic pressure-temperature estimations (Kumta suture: 11-18 kbar at 790-550oC; Mercara suture: 13 kbar at 825oC) suggest that, the sediments have undergone subduction to greater depths. The K-Ar age of biotite, phengite and U-Pb dating of zircon yields consistent metamorphic age of 1100-1400 Ma. In situ zircon 176Lu/177Hf isotope analysis shows wide range of εHf (t) values indicating the protolith sediments were derived from Paleo-Neoarchean juvenile crust that mixed with recycled older crust. The Bondla ultramafic-gabbro complex, northwest of the Kumta suture contains basalt, dolerite, gabbro, serpentinite, chromitite, peridotite and chromian spinel chemistry suggests evolution in a supra-subduction zone arc tectonic setting.The Sirsi shelf towards east of the Kumta suture, contains weakly deformed sedimentary rocks (limestone, shale, banded iron formations, greywacke, sandstone and quartzite) unconformable on relatively high-grade ca. 2571 Ma gneisses of the Dharwar craton. The Karwar block to the west is composed of weakly metamorphosedca. 3200 Ma tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) with enclaves of amphibolite. In situ zircon 176Lu/177Hf isotope analysis and whole-rock 143Nd/144Nd isotopic analysis of TTGs show positive εHf and εNd values indicating ca. 3200 Ma juvenile crust. The Coorg block consists of ca. 3200 Ma charnockite, mafic granulites, hornblende-biotite gneiss, garnet-hornblende gabbro and anorthosite.In situ zircon 176Lu/177Hf isotope analysis indicates source as mixture of juvenile crust and older recycled crustal materials. Synthesis of the above results with published data suggests that Kumta and Mercara suture zones incorporate Paleoarchean to Mesoproterozoic sedimentssubjected to high-pressure metamorphism in the late Mesoproterozoic. Metamorphic P-T estimations of mafic granulite and U-Pb zircon geochronology of pelitic gneisses from Betsimisaraka suture zone, Madagascar suggests the rocks were underwent metamorphism at c. 24 kbar and c. 780°C during Mesoproterozoic suturing of Antongil-Masora blocks with the Antananarivo block.From the integration of above results with the new geophysical results and published data Mesoproterozoic Kumta-Mercara suture is interpreted as eastern extension of the Mesoproterozoic Betsimisaraka suture of Madagascar into western India.