The rate of decay of the process W -> Wγ is well-defined by the Standard Model, so measured deviation is a strong but indirect indicator of non-Standard Model physics. Deviations of this coupling strength can be parameterized, in a model independent, general sense, into two parameters, Δk and λ.

The analysis of the Higgs boson decay into the pairs of tau leptons H → ττ is presented. In the scope of this thesis, only the tau leptons decaying purely lep- tonically are considered. This analysis is performed using data recorded from the proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy √ s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to the integrated lumi- nosity of 36.1 fb−1 . The Boosted Decision Trees (BDT) multivariate technique was used in order to provide a classification of events. Datasets considered in this analysis consisted of the triggered, reconstructed and calibrated events. In addition, events had to pass the pre-selection criteria and were separated into four categories. Our main contribution to this analysis is based on developing and incorporating techniques used in the process of BDT training and evaluation. The performed analysis presented in this thesis is blinded. Therefore, the Monte Carlo simulation was used instead of real data in the Maximum Likelihood Fit in order to determine the expected significance. For the H → ττ leptonic channel, the expected signal significance was measured to be 1.16 σ. 1

An important question at present in particle physics is whether the recently discovered boson with a mass of about 125 GeV is the Standard Model Higgs boson. A Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV will predominantly decay to b-quark pairs. This work presents the author's contribution to the search with the ATLAS detector for a Standard Model Higgs boson produced in association with a W or Z boson and decaying to b-quark pairs. In order to search for the decay modes ZH → vvb¯b, WH → lvb¯b and ZH → l¯lb¯b, where l is either an electron or muon, events with zero, one or two electrons or muons are considered in 20:3 fb¯1 of 8 TeV LHC data. A Standard Model Higgs boson is not observed decaying to b-quark pairs, although neither is this decay mode ruled out. A Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass of between 110 GeV and 115 GeV is excluded. For mH = 125 GeV the observed (expected) upper limit on the cross- section times the branching ratio is found to be 2.16 (1.07) times the Standard Model prediction. For a Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV, the best fit signal strength is μ = 1:09 +0:43-0:42 (stat) +0:44-0:37 (syst) = 1:09 +0:61-0:56. The combined results are consistent with a Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV. The author's own work is presented, including estimation of systematic uncertainties on WH → lvb¯b modelling, and future ATLAS data selection methods for WH → lvb¯b searches. Overviews of underlying theoretical matters and the experimental facilities used are given.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19499号 / 理博第4159号 / 新制||理||1597(附属図書館) / 32535 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 川合 光, 教授 畑 浩之, 教授 田中 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Ce travail présente les mesures de section efficace de production de photons isoles dans les collisions proton-proton avec l’expérience ATLAS au LHC, a une énergie de 7 TeV dans le centre de masse. Les résultats sont d’abord obtenus pour une luminosité intégrée de 880 nb−1, puis dans un deuxième temps pour une luminosité de 36 pb−1. Les mesures faites avec 880 nb−1 et 36 pb−1 couvrent, respectivement, les intervalles en énergie transverse 15 ≤ E < 100 GeV et 45 ≤ E < 400 GeV. Les résultats sont compares aux prédictions de la chromodynamique quantique perturbative à l’ordre NLO. Les premières études pour la recherche du Higgs dans le canal de désintégration en deux photons sont également présentées pour 38 pb−1 de données collectées par l’expérience ATLAS en 2010 (et plus récemment pour 210 pb−1 accumules en 2011). Les limites d’exclusion observées sont citées en fonction d’une masse de Higgs se situant dans l’intervalle 110-140 GeV. / This work presents the measurements with the ATLAS experiment of the cross section for inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-ofmass energy √s = 7 TeV. The first results are based on an integrated luminosity of 880 nb−1 and the later results are based on 36 pb−1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements performed with 880 nb−1 and 36 pb−1 cover the transverse energy range 15 ≤ E < 100 GeV and 45 ≤ E < 400 GeV, respectively.The results are compared to predictions from next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. In addition, are also presented the first studies for the search for the Higgs boson in the decay channel into two photons with 38 pb−1 data collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2010 (and more recently with 210 pb−1 collected in 2011). Observed exclusion limits are quoted as a function of the Higgs mass in the range 110-140 GeV.

We present in this thesis a detailed analysis of Higgs boson interactions at future colliders. In particular we examine, in a model independent way, the sensitivity of an Linear Collider in probing the interaction of Higgs boson with a pair of vector bosons with/without the use of polarized initial beams and/or the information on final state fermion polarization. We devise several observables which have definite transformation properties under discrete symmetry operations to constrain the different anomalous parts of the Higgs boson interactions having the same transformation properties. We also investigate effects of initial state radiation (ISR) and beamstrahlung on probes of anomalous Higgs boson couplings at higher center of mass energies. We begin the first chapter with an introduction of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. We mainly focus on the Higgs sector of the SM. In this chapter we review the electroweak (EW) symmetry breaking mechanism, viz. the Higgs mechanism, responsible for generating masses of all the particles in the SM. We briefly summarize the high precision tests of the SM. We discuss constraints on the mass of the SM Higgs boson derived from theoretical considerations such as stability of the electroweak vacuum, unitarity in scattering amplitudes, perturbativity of the Higgs self-coupling and no fine-tuning in the radiative corrections in the Higgs sector. Next we present the experimental bounds on the mass of the SM Higgs boson obtained from the direct searches of the Higgs boson at LEP and from the electroweak high precision measurements. We then discuss the importance of a general model independent approach to study properties of the Higgs boson and to verify the uniqueness of the SM. In the context of low energy effective theory, this analysis can be made by using the effective Lagrangian that contains higher dimensional operators. We conclude this chapter giving examples of dimension-6 operators which can contribute to the anomalous Higgs boson interactions that we analyze in this thesis. Second chapter contains the dominant Higgs boson production processes at an collider.In a model independent analysis we consider the effects of the most general ¯ (V = W Z) vertex, consistent with Lorentz invariance, for the process where f is any light fermion. This vertex also includes the possibility of CP violation and can be written as: where ki denote the momenta of the two W’s (Z’s), ǫναβis the antisymmetric tensor with ǫ0123 = 1. Previous studies showed that the squared matrix element of the process e+e−ZH does not include all the anomalous parts of a general ZZH vertex. Also it is obvious that one cannot analyse anomalous WWH couplings using this process. Hence we consider the full process e+e−ffH to probe all the anomalous parts of the VVH vertex. We devise a general and very elegant procedure to probe these couplings at an e+e−collider. We construct various combinations by taking dot and scalar triple product of momenta of initial and final state particles. These combinations have definite transformation properties under CP and naive time reversal (T˜)transformations. Hence the corresponding observables constructed using expectation value of sign of these combinations can probe a specific part of the anomalous VVH couplings whose coefficient in the effective Lagrangian has same transformation properties. We investigate the possible sensitivity to which the anomalous VVH couplings can be probed at a Linear Collider using these observables in the process e+e−ffH for unpolarized beams [1, 2]. We consider the case of a Linear Collider, operating at center of mass energy of 500 GeV, with an integrated luminosityof 500 fb−1 and assume a Higgs boson of mass 120 GeV. We impose various kinematical cuts on different final state particles to reduce backgrounds ¯and consider the events where H decays into bb with branching ratio 0.68. We can enhance or suppress the effect of the s-channel, Z-exchange diagram by imposing cut on the ¯invariant mass of the ff system. We use b-tagging efficiency to be 70%; a value expected to be possible in the collider environment. We first consider asymmetries involving either the polar or azimuthal angular distributions. Then we combine these informations to construct combined polar-azimuthal asymmetries in order to enhance the sensitivity. We obtain strong constraints on most of the anomalous parts of the ZZH vertex using cross section and these asymmetries. The process e+eν¯ −νH has two missing ν’s in the final state. Hence their momenta are not available to construct any observables. Therefore, direct probes for T˜-odd WWH couplings viz. ℑ(bW), ℜ(˜bW), cannot be constructed and only weak, indirect bounds are possible. Further, without using polarized beams the contamination from the ZZH vertex cannot be eliminated in the determination of WWH couplings. In the third chapter we analyze use of linearly polarized e+/e−beams and/or information on final state lepton polarization in probingthe interaction of the Higgs boson with a pair of vector bosons[3, 4]. We make several combinations of different particle momenta and spins. We then define observables as expectation values of signs of these combinations for longitudinally polarized beams and/or for production of final state τ’s with a definite helicity state. Use of polarization allows us to devise more observables as compared to the unpolarized case. We list the observables for which use of polarization affords a distinct gain in sensitivity. In our analysis we divide the total luminosity of 500 fb−1 equally among different polarization states of initial state e−/e+ and take the values 80% and 60% for e−/e+ respectively, foreseen at the ILC. We construct numerical combinations of various linearly polarized cross sections to enhance the contribution of ℜ(bZ) while getting rid of ΔaZand vice versa. It is necessary to construct such combinations of cross section as ℜ(bZ), ΔaZhave same CP and T˜transformation properties and hence there are no asymmetries that can be constructed to probe them individually. With these combinations it is possible to probe both these CP-and T˜-even couplings cleanly, using linearly polarized beams. We find that longitudinal beam polarization can improve the sensitivity to CP-odd ZZH couplings viz. ℜ(˜bZ), ℑ(˜bZ), by a factor of about 6 −7. We also construct observables for final state τ’s with definite helicity. We make a plausible assumption that it should be possible to isolate events with τ’s in definite helicity state with an efficiency of 40%. With this assumption we demonstrate that the use of final state τ polarization can improve the sensitivity to the CP-even and T˜-odd ZZH coupling (ℑ(bZ)) by a factor of about 3. Moreover use of final state τ-polarization measurement along with linearly polarized beams can improve the sensitivity for one of the CP-odd ZZH couplings (ℜ(˜bZ))bya factor of about 2.Use of longitudinally polarized beams can also help to reduce the contamination in the measurement of the WWH couplings coming from the ZZH vertex contribution. We also perform χ2-analysis using the observables for different polarizations. The cross section of the t–channel diagram increases with increasing center of mass energy. Therefore, off hand it may look like that going to higher energy can increase the sensitivity to WWH couplings. Hence in this chapter we further investigate possible gain in sensitivity going to higher center of mass energies[3, 4]. We use the same observables constructed with unpolarized beams and consider various center of mass energies ranging from 300 GeV to 3 TeV. We find that it is possible to increase the bZ)byabouta factor 2 1 TeVas compared to the case of 500 GeV. In this analysis we include the effects of initial state radiation (ISR) and beamstrahlung. Both the ISR and beamstrahlung =500 GeV, the ISR can affect cross sections for s–channel processes by 10−15%.However, we observe that the effects of ISR and beamstrahlung change both the SM and anomalous contributions more beneficial for the study of anomalous V V H couplings. In the last chapter we investigate the role of transversely polarized beams to constrain the anomalous V V H couplings[5]. Using transverse spin direction of e±it is possible to devise observables which are nonzero only for transversely polarized beams. Use of transverse beam polarization allows construction of completely independent probes of both the CP-and T˜-even anomalous ZZH couplings (ΔaZ, ℜ(bZ)), leading to independent determination of all the anomalous parts of the ZZH vertex. In addition the use of transverse beam polarization can also add to the sensitivity for one of the CP-odd ZZH couplings viz. ℜ(˜bZ). Measurement of final state τ-polarization with transversely polarized beams can in fact also offer improvement on the sensitivity for ℑ(bZ) which is even under CP-and odd under T˜-transformation. Use of transverse beam polarization cannot improve the bounds on the anomalous WWH couplings as the squared matrix element of the t– channel WW–fusion diagram does not have any transverse beam polarization dependent term. A summary of the results obtained in this thesis is follows. We have developed a general procedure to construct observables with specific CP and T˜transformation properties to probe various anomalous couplings of the Higgs boson to a pair of vector bosons (V = W/Z) at an e+/e−Linear Collider. We investigate probes of these couplings in the process e+e−ffH. This process gives access to those anomalous couplings which cannot be probed using angular distribution of the Z boson in the process e+eZH. We showed that it would be possible to obtain stringent bounds on some of the parts of the anomalous ZZH vertex even without using polarized beams and/or information on polarization of final state particles. Use of longitudinal beam polarization and/or final state τ polarization can significantly enhance the sensitivity in probing most of the anomalous parts of a general ZZH vertex. Use of longitudinal beam polarization also reduces the contamination from the ZZH couplings in the determination of the ˜T-even anomalous WWH couplings (ℜ(bW), ℑ(˜bW)). However, two missing neutrinos in the final state do not allow any direct probe of the T˜-odd WWH couplings (ℑ(bW), ℜ(˜bW)).We find that use of transverse polarization of the beams is essential to construct independent probes of the two anomalous ZZH couplings, which are even under CP and T˜transformations, viz.ΔaZand ℜ(bZ).We observed that there will be no significant gain 500 GeV), but with polarized beams is preferable from the point of view of studying anomalous V V H coupling. (For mathematical equations pl see the pdf file.)

The Higgs sector is the last part of the standard model of particle physics where we lack directexperimental results. Many extensions to the standard model describe an extended Higgs sector,often containing charged scalar bosons in addition to the standard model’s neutral Higgs boson.The H+WZ vertex can be used to distinguish between different non-standard Higgs sectors, andto measure the mass of the charged Higgs boson. In this report I will examine a promising searchchannels at the LHC and look at its phenomenology using monte carlo simulations.

The ATLAS experiment at the LHC is searching for evidence of charged Higgs bosons, without yet finding it. This report investigates the possibility of reconstructing charged Higgs bosons using multi-jet final states (pp -&gt; [b]tH+ -&gt; [b]bbbql\nu) with focus on fully hadronic H^+ -&gt; hW decays using a simulation of 500k events with m_{H+} = 250 GeV. After optimizing TMVA (Toolkit for Multivariate Analysis) input variables for BDT (Boosted Decision Trees), the mass of H+ was recreated with an efficiency of up to 26,7% (correct combinations).

The Standard Model of Particle Physics describes the fundamental building blocks of matter and phenomena up to the highest particle interaction energies. The theory demands the existence of a scalar particle: the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson was discovered by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at CERN using bosonic final states and is measured to have a mass of around 125 GeV. This particle is predicted to decay predominantly into pairs of b-quarks at this mass, but suffers from overwhelming backgrounds from the multijet production expected from QCD interactions. Therefore, H→bb- production in association with a leptonically decaying W or Z boson is considered, with Z → vv-, W → lv and Z → ll, where ` denotes electrons and muons. This thesis presents a search for the Higgs boson decaying into bb- pairs in association with a W or Z boson using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The analysis uses the full dataset recorded during pp collisions at the LHC in Run-1, corresponding to 4.7 fb-1 at √s = 7 TeV and 20.3 fb-1 at √s = 8 TeV. A multivariate technique and a kinematic cut-based approach have been used to maximize the signal over background ratio, where a particular emphasis on the latter approach is made in this thesis. Final state radiation and reconstruction effects may decrease the bb- resonance resolution significantly, while comparably decreasing the probability of observing the decay over the background. The b quark pairs from the Higgs boson are reconstructed as topological clusters formed to jets in the ATLAS calorimeter. Thus, the reconstruction and calibration of these jets are crucial for the final Higgs mass resolution and paramount for the search and for future precision measurements of V H, H→bb- production. This thesis presents the development and evaluation of advanced techniques to improve the invariant dijet mass reconstruction of the H→bb- candidate. Sequential jet calibrations, semileptonic corrections and pT corrections to account for the interplay between jet resolution/scale and the underlying signal pT spectrum obtained from Monte Carlo simulations have been studied. A major focus has been made on the development and evaluation of an event-level kinematic likelihood fitting framework to exploit the full kinematic potential of V H topologies within the detector uncertainties of the reconstructed final state signatures in order to improve the measurement of the b-tagged jet kinematics. The jet energy calibrations of the H→bb- signal candidates yield an overall improvement of the dijet invariant mass resolution of up to ~30%, and of the expected statistical significance of ~12%. The analysis procedure is validated using the resonant V Z(bb-) production in the same final states as for the Higgs boson search, and is observed, compatible with the Standard Model expectation, with a significance of 4.9 standard deviations and a signal strength of μ^V Z = 0:74+0:17 -0:16. For a Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV, the observed (expected) deviation from the background-only hypothesis is found with a significance of 1.4 (2.6) standard deviations and a signal strength is determined to be μ^V H = 0:52±0:32(stat.)±0:24(syst.).