Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Suche nach assoziierter Produktion eines Higgsbosons und eines Top-Quark Paares in Proton-Proton Kollisionen bei einer Schwerpunktsenergie von 13 TeV. Für diese Analyse wurden Ereignisse analysiert, die exakt zwei Leptonen mit gleichem Ladungsvorzeichen oder exakt drei Leptonen enthalten und daher auf die Higgs Zerfallsmoden in H->WW, H->ZZ und H->tautau sensitiv sind. Die Daten wurden mit dem ATLAS Detektor am Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in den Jahren 2015-17 aufgezeichnet. Der grösste Untergrund in beiden Kanälen stammt aus assoziierter Produktion von Vektorbosonen mit einem Top-Quark Paar (ttW und tt(Z/gamma)), Dibosonproduktion und Ereignisse, die Photonen und Hadronen, die fehlerhaft als Leptonen identifiziert wurden, erhalten oder Leptonen, die aus Zerfällen von Hadronen stammen. Der Leptonuntergrund wurde mit einer neuen Methode abgeschätzt, die auf separaten Kategorien für jeden Produktionsmodus des Leptonuntergrundes basiert. Der Beitrag jeder Kategorie wird in verschiedenen Kontrollregionen aus dem Vergleich von Daten mit der Simulation bestimmt. Das Verhältnis des gemessenen ttH Wirkungsquerschnitts zu der Vorhersage des Standardmodells und die Normierungsfaktoren des Untergrundes werden gleichzeitig in einem Profile-Likelihood-Fit bestimmt. Das Verhältnis des gemessenen zum erwarteten ttH Wirkungsquerschnitts, unter der Annahme einer Higgsbosonmasse von 125 GeV, wurde zu 0.88(+0.54/-0.51) mit einer beobachteten (erwarteten) Signifikanz von 1.80 (2.52) Standardabweichungen gemessen. Das entspricht einem geschätzten Wirkungsquerschnitt für die ttH Produktion von 446(+241/-227) fb, in Übereinstimmung mit der Standardmodellvorhersage von 507(+35/-50) fb. / This thesis describes the search for the associated production of a Higgs boson and a top-quark pair in proton-proton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The analysis focuses on events containing two leptons with same-sing electric charge or exactly three leptons in the final state. With these requirements, the analysis is sensitive to the H->WW, H->ZZ and H->tautau Higgs decay modes. The used data was recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during the 2015-17 period. The primary sources of background were found to be ttW, tt(Z/gamma), Diboson processes and events containing fake or non-prompt leptons coming from hadron decays, photon conversions and electron charge mis-identification. The estimation of the hadron decay and photon conversion fake backgrounds was performed using a novel semi-data driven technique where Monte Carlo background categories are created for each fake process of interest. A profile likelihood fit to data is then used to extract a normalization factor for each fake category, which are used to correct the Monte Carlo predictions. The ratio of the measured ttH signal cross-section to the Standard Model expectations and a normalization factor for the ttW process are extracted simultaneously from the same fit. The measured to expected cross-section ratio for a Standard Model Higgs boson of mass 125 GeV was found to be 0.88(+0.54/-0.51) with an observed (expected) significance of 1.80 (2.52) standard deviations. This corresponds to an estimated ttH cross-section of 446(+241/-227) fb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 507(+35/-50) fb.

Seit der Entdeckung des Higgs-Bosons am Large Hadron Collider ergeben sich auf Grundlage der beobachteten Masse weitreichende Konsequenzen für das Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik (SM) sowie für darüber hinausgehende physikalische Theorien. In supersymmetrischen Modellen ist es möglich, die Masse des SM-artigen Higgs-Bosons vorherzusagen. Dies lässt Rückschlüsse auf das Massenspektrum der bisher unentdeckten Teilchen zu. Die gegenwärtigen Ausschlussgrenzen für einige supersymmetrische Teilchen liegen oberhalb der TeV-Skala. In Szenarien mit großen Abständen im Massenspektrum wird die Präzision der Higgs-Massenvorhersage durch die Resummation logarithmischer Terme, die von den Massen der zusätzlichen Teilchen abhängen, erheblich verbessert. Die Methode FlexibleEFTHiggs ermöglicht eine Berechnung der Higgs-Masse, die sowohl große Logarithmen resummiert als auch alle weiteren Terme bis zu einer festen Ordnung in der Störungstheorie berücksichtigt. In vorhergehenden Arbeiten wurde die Methode FlexibleEFTHiggs als Modul in das Softwarepaket FlexibleSUSY integriert. Um die Genauigkeit der Higgs-Massenberechnung zu optimieren, werden in dieser Arbeit Erweiterungen des FlexibleEFTHiggs-Ansatzes beschrieben, wobei ein Schwerpunkt in der konkreten Anwendung auf das Minimale Supersymmetrische Standardmodell (MSSM) besteht. Dies erfordert eine Weiterentwicklung des Verfahrens zur Bestimmung der quartischen Higgs-Kopplung. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Bedeutung der Parametrisierung in den verwendeten Relationen erläutert und die Reihenentwicklung in SM-Kopplungen konsequent auf ein-Schleifenniveau trunkiert. Die vorgestellte Modifikation ist modellunabhängig und ermöglicht eine Resummation der nächstführenden Logarithmen (NLL). In Bezug auf die Resummation von Logarithmen höherer Ordnung sind weitere Änderungen in der Gleichung zur Bestimmung der quaritschen Kopplung erforderlich. Hierbei erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, die Beziehung durch eine Reihenentwicklung unter Verwendung der Parameter des vollständigen Modells auszudrücken. Basierend auf dem bestehenden MSSM-Spektrumgenerator in FlexibleSUSY, welcher Higgs-Massenkorrekturen bis zum Dreischleifenniveau berücksichtigt, wird eine Higgs-Massenberechnung unter Verwendung der hier entwickelten Neugestaltung der FlexibleEFTHiggs-Methode realisiert. In Verbindung mit dem Lösen der Gleichungen der Renormierungsgruppen auf vier-Schleifenniveau, ergibt sich somit eine Resummation der Logarithmen von bis zu N3LL. Zudem ermöglicht die Parametrisierung mittels der Parameter des vollen Modells eine Resummation von Beiträgen mit höchster Potenz in der Squark-Higgs-Kopplung Xq. Um dies darzulegen, werden systematische Betrachtungen des Auftretens von Xq in MSSM Green-Funktionen und Schwellenkorrekturen in zwei Parametrisierungen vorgestellt. Anschließend werden Resummationsgleichungen angegeben und die verbesserten Konvergenzeigenschaften aufgrund der Xq-Resummation in der neuen FlexibleEFTHiggs-Berechnung demonstriert. Zudem werden weitere numerische Ergebnisse vorgestellt und eine ausführliche Analyse der theoretischen Unsicherheiten für Referenzszenarien diskutiert. / Since the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider, the observed mass led to far-reaching consequences for the Standard Model of particle physics (SM) and for theories beyond it. In supersymmetric models, the mass of the SM-like Higgs boson can be predicted from the full-model information. This allows insights into the mass spectrum of the extended particle content that has not yet been revealed by experiments. In fact, the current exclusion limits for some of the supersymmetric particles exceed the TeV-threshold. In scenarios with a large mass hierarchy, the accuracy of Higgs-mass predictions is significantly improved by resumming logarithmic terms, which depend on the mass of the exotic particles. A way to efficiently organize the Higgs-mass calculation with a resummation of large logarithms, while including contributions at a fixed order, is achieved by the method FlexibleEFTHiggs. In previous work, the method FlexibleEFTHiggs was implemented as a module in the public code FlexibleSUSY. To increase the precision of the Higgs-mass calculation, this thesis describes several improvements of the FlexibleEFTHiggs approach, with a focus on the application to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We discuss a refined high-scale matching procedure allowing a consistent resummation of next-to leading logarithms (NLL) independent of the SUSY model. In this process, we address the aspect of parametrizing the high-scale matching in terms of SM couplings in conjunction with a strict truncation at 1-loop. With respect to the resummation of higher-order logarithms, a novel strategy is proposed to organize the high-scale matching. It is shown that the ideal setting is given if the matching is expressed in a perturbative expansion of full-model parameters. Building upon the existing MSSM spectrum generator from FlexibleSUSY, where the state-of-the-art self-energies and tadpoles are available at 2-loop and 3-loop orders, we have constructed a Higgs-mass calculation using a redesign of the FlexibleEFTHiggs method. Combined with a renormalization group running up to 4-loop, the Higgs-mass prediction achieves log-precision of N3LL. Analyzing the difference between the parametrizations in terms of SM parameters and full-model parameters, we discovered the ability to resum terms of maximal power in the squark-Higgs parameter Xq. To illustrate this statement, we perform a systematic investigation on the appearance of Xq in MSSM Green functions and threshold corrections in both parametrizations. As a result, a plethora of all-order resummation relations is presented, and we demonstrate the improved convergence properties of our updated calculation induced by the Xq-resummation. We provide numerical results and a thorough analysis of theoretical uncertainties for standard benchmark scenarios.

The generation of vector boson mass via the Higgs mechanism in the Standard Model has been confirmed by the 2012 discovery of a candidate Higgs boson in the H&rarr;WW, H&rarr;ZZ, and H&rarr;&gamma;&gamma; decay channels. In contrast, the Yukawa couplings hypothesized to provide the mass of fermions in the Standard Model have yet to be observed. The H&rarr;&tau;&tau; decay channel currently provides the best opportunity for observing these couplings. This thesis describes two separate but related searches for Higgs boson decays in the H→&tau;&tau; decay channel using proton-proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector. The first analysis is a general search for all Higgs boson production mechanisms leading to a H&rarr;&tau;&tau; decay using 4.5 fb⁻¹ of 7 TeV and 20.3 fb⁻¹ of 8 TeV proton-proton collision data. A deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed with a significance of 4.5&sigma; for a hypothetical Higgs boson mass of m_H = 125 GeV — a strong indication of a H&rarr;&tau;&tau; signal. For the same mass point, the best fit value for the signal strength is found to be 1.43 ^&plus;0.43<sub style='position: relative; left: -2.4em;'>−0.37</sub> x the Standard Model expectation. The second analysis is a search for Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson using 20.3 fb⁻¹ of 8 TeV proton-proton collision data. Results in the Z_llH&rarr;_&tau;l&tau;h channel indicate limits of 9.14 x the Standard Model expectation for VH signal production at m_H = 125 GeV. In addition, two studies on enhancement of computing performance in the ATLAS trigger and data analysis pipeline are presented.

No description available.

The Standard Model predicts existence of one Higgs boson with combined parity CP = +1. In MSSM there exist Higgs boson with CP = −1 in addition. The work develops one method of Higgs boson CP determination on the basis of angular correlations of pions and ρ-mesons born in cascade decay H/A → τ− τ+ → ρ− /π− ντ ρ+ /π+ ¯ντ . The calculations are done in the leading order of perturbation theory. Further, the possibility of signal (Higgs boson decay) and background (Z boson decay) differentiation is studied. The processes in question are simulated using Monte Carlo generators Pythia and Tauola. Simulation outputs are compared with calculated theoretical results. 1

Le 4 Juillet 2012, la découverte d'une nouvelle particule scalaire d'une masse de l’ordre de 125 GeV a été annoncée par les collaborations ATLAS et CMS.Une nouvelle ère s'annonce : celle au cours de laquelle il faudra déterminer précisément les propriétés de cette nouvelle particule.Cela est crucial afin d'établir si cette particule est bien la trace du mécanisme responsable de la brisure de la symétrie du secteur électro-faible. Cela permettrait aussi de repérer tout élément susceptible d'être associé à une « nouvelle physique » dans le cas où le mécanisme de brisure ferait intervenir des ingrédients autres que ceux prédits par le Modèle Standard.Dans cette thèse, nous avons essayé de comprendre et de caractériser jusqu’à quel point ce nouveau champ scalaire est le boson de Higgs prédit par le Modèle Standard. Nous avons établi les applications d'une telle découverte dans le contexte de théories supersymétriques et de modèles décrivant la matière noire.Dans une première partie consacrée au Modèle Standard de la physique des particules, nous étudions après une courte introduction au domaine, le processus de production d'une paire de bosons de Higgs au LHC. Un résultat majeur est que ce mode de production permettra de mesurer le couplage trilinéaire du Higgs qui est un paramètre essentiel à mesurer afin de reconstruire le potentiel du Higgs et donc représente la dernière vérification à effectuer pour confirmer l'origine de la brisure spontanée de la symétrie électro-faible.La deuxième partie traite des théories supersymétriques. Après une introduction au sujet, un de nos importants résultats est d'avoir fortement contraint un certain nombre de modèles supersymétriques après la découverte du boson de Higgs. Nous avons aussi introduit une nouvelle approche qui permet aux physiciens expérimentateurs de rechercher de manière efficace les bosons de Higgs supersymétriques dans les expériences actuelles et futures du LHC.La troisième partie concerne la matière noire. Nous présentons des résultats qui établis-sent d'importantes limitations sur des modèles où la matière noire interagirait avec le boson de Higgs. Nous discutons aussi de scénarios alternatifs qui font intervenir de la matière noire hors équilibre avec le bain thermique. Dans un premier temps nous dé-montrons qu'il existe un lien étroit entre la température de réchauffement de l'univers et le schéma de brisure du groupe de jauge du Modèle Standard et dans un deuxième temps nous étudions la genèse de matière noire par l'intermédiaire de nouveaux bosons Z’. / On the 4th of July 2012, the discovery of a new scalar particle with a mass of order 125 GeV was announced by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. An important era is now opening: the precise determination of the properties of the produced particle. This is of extreme importance in order to establish that this particle is indeed the relic of the mechanism responsible for the electroweak symmetry breaking and to pin down effects of new physics if additional ingredients beyond those of the Standard Model are involved in the symmetry breaking mechanism. In this thesis we have tried to understand and characterize to which extent this new scalar field is the Standard Model Higgs Boson and set the implications of this discovery in the context of Supersymmetric theories and dark matter models.In a first part devoted to the Standard Model of particle physics, we discuss the Higgs pair production processes at the LHC and the main output of our results is that they al-low for the determination of the trilinear Higgs self-coupling which represents a first important step towards the reconstruction of the Higgs potential and thus the final verifica-tion of the Higgs mechanism as the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking.The second part is about Supersymmetric theories. After a review of the topics one of our result is to set strong restrictions on Supersymmetric models after the Higgs discov-ery. We also introduce a new approach which would allow experimentalists to efficiently look for supersymmetric heavy Higgs bosons at current and next LHC runs.The third part concerns dark matter. We present results which give strong constraints on Higgs-portal models. We finally discuss alternative non-thermal dark matter scenario. Firstly, we demonstrate that there exists a tight link between the reheating temperature and the scheme of the Standard Model gauge group breaking and secondly we study the genesis of dark matter by a Z’ portal.

Le futur Collisionneur Linéaire International ILC est un projet de collisionneur leptonique dont le but est de poursuivre le programme physique effectué par le LHC. Ce collisionneur permettra, entre autres, de mesurer avec précision les propriétés du boson de Higgs, découvert en 2012 au LHC. Deux détecteurs de particules sont prévus pour équiper le point de collision de l'ILC, le Grand Détecteur International ILD et le Détecteur en Silicium SiD. Ces deux détecteurs sont conçus afin de permettre l'application d'algorithmes de suivi de particules. Cette technique innovante permettrait d'améliorer la reconstruction et la mesure en énergie des jets. Pour permettre l'application de ces algorithmes de suivi de particules, les calorimètres équipant ces détecteurs doivent disposer d'une très grande granularité. Le calorimètre hadronique à lecture semi-numérique SDHCAL fait partie des options possibles pour équiper l'ILD. Ce calorimètre utilise des chambres à plaques résistives de verre comme partie active. La lecture s'effectue par des canaux de 1 cm x 1 cm. Un prototype a été développé en 2011, en grande partie à l'Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, et régulièrement soumis à des faisceaux de muons, d'électrons et de hadrons au CERN. Une grande partie de cette thèse est consacrée à mes travaux sur le programme de simulation du SDHCAL. L'analyse des données enregistrées en Octobre 2015 m'a permis de perfectionner l'algorithme de simulation des chambres à plaques résistives de verre utilisées dans le prototype. Une comparaison de la topologie des gerbes hadroniques et électromagnétiques entre des gerbes provenant de données expérimentales et des gerbes simulées sera présentée. Une autre partie est consacrée à la reconstruction de l'énergie des gerbes hadroniques au sein du SDHCAL. En utilisant la simulation du SDHCAL, j'ai pu étudier l'impact de la composante électromagnétique sur l'estimation de l'énergie des gerbes hadroniques, ce qui m'a permis de proposer une méthode alternative de reconstruction de l'énergie permettant d'améliorer les performances du SDHCAL. J'ai pu également étudier l'impact de l'utilisation d'une électronique de lecture plus avancée sur l'estimation de l'énergie. La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la mesure de la section efficace du processus e+e- → HZ en utilisant les désintégrations hadroniques du Z, dans le cadre d'une simulation complète de l'ILD utilisant le SDHCAL comme calorimètre hadronique. Pour une énergie de collision de 250 GeV, la précision attendue sur la mesure de cette section efficace est de 1,8%. Cette précision est comparable à celle obtenue en utilisant les désintégrations leptoniques du Z / The future International Linear Collider ILC is a project of a leptonic collider which aims to continue the physical program of the LHC. Using this collider, it will be possible to precisely measure the properties of the Higgs Boson, discovered in 2012 at the LHC. Two particle detectors are planned to equip the colliding point of the ILC, the International Large Detector ILD, and the Silicon Detector SiD. These two detectors are designed with the prospect of using particle flow algorithms. This innovative technique can improve the reconstruction and energy measurement of the jets. To apply these particle flow algorithms, highly granular calorimeters have to be used. The semi-digital hadronic calorimeter SDHCAL is proposed to equip the International Large Detector. This calorimeter uses Glass Resistive Plate Chambers as the active part. The readout is done using 1cm x 1cm channels. A prototype has been developed in 2011, mainly at the Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, and regularly exposed to muons, electrons and hadrons beams at CERN. During this thesis, I mainly worked on the SDHCAL simulation program. Using the data taken in October 2015, I could improve the algorithm which simulates the response of the Glass Resistive Plate Chambers used in the prototype. A comparison of the topology of the electromagnetic and hadronic showers from data and simulation will be presented. Another part of this thesis is focused on the energy reconstruction of the hadronic showers in the SDHCAL. By using the SDHCAL simulation, I could study the impact of the electromagnetic component on the energy estimation of the hadronic showers, from which I could propose an alternative method for reconstructing the energy, which improves the performance of the SDHCAL. I could also study the impact of using a more advanced readout electronics on the energy estimation

Following the announcement of the discovery of a new particle on the 4th of July 2012 at the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC, many efforts were needed for the understanding of its properties and to discern whether it is the Standard Model Higgs boson. The research presented in this thesis is based on the H → ZZ(*) → 4l decay channel. Three main contributions are discussed: the Standard Model Higgs boson mass measurement, the search for a heavy Higgs boson, and lastly, the implementation of a kinematic likelihood fitter as a new approach to improve the invariant mass resolution of the final states. The Standard Model Higgs boson mass measurement is presented. The measured mass is 124:51± 0:52(stat)± 0:06(syst) GeV for the combined data taken during 2011 and 2012 (4:6 fb-¹ at 7 TeV and 20:7 fb-¹ at 8 TeV). Contributing to the mass measurement, a tool was developed to validate the model used by generating several pseudo datasets from Monte Carlo samples and fitting them with the profile likelihood. The results show that the model is correct and only small deviations are seen in the parameters of interest, mH, and the signal strength, μ. Studies in the asymptotic limit show that these deviations are a symptom of low statistics in some of the final states. The search for a heavy Higgs boson is presented as well. No significant excess of events over the Standard Model prediction is found. A simultaneous fit to the profile likelihood gives 95% confidence level upper limits on the production cross-section of a heavy Higgs times the branching ratio to Z boson pairs in the mass range from 140 GeV to 1 TeV. Contributing to this search, a pseudo dataset, called Asimov dataset, is created from the Monte Carlo samples to test the profile likelihood fits and validate the model used. The results show that fit the model is correct. In addition, the limits are also interpreted in the context of Type I and Type II Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDM). Finally, a Kinematic Likelihood Fitter (KLFitter) is studied and used to constrain the Z boson mass as an alternative to the standard tool used for the 2011 and 2012 measurement. This affects the distribution of the invariant mass, m4l, from which the Higgs boson mass is inferred. Small improvements are seen in the invariant mass resolution when higher hypothetical Higgs boson masses are considered.

The Higgs boson and the top quark have been a focus in modern elementary particle physics research because of their special roles in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The studies of both particles are crucial for revealing the unsolved puzzles of modern particle physics. The coupling between the Higgs boson and the top quark, the top-Yukawa coupling, is one of the fundamental parameters in the SM that can potentially direct the future development of the theory of elementary particle physics. This thesis presents two analyses on the Higgs boson and the top quark, using proton-proton (pp) collision data collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 and 2015. A search for the SM Higgs boson produced in association with a top quark pair (tt̄H) was performed using 20.3 fb⁻¹ of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV. The search is designed to be primarily sensitive to the H → bb decay mode. Events with one of two electrons or muons are used in the search. No significant excess of events is observed above the background predicted by the SM. An observed (expected) upper limit on the signal strength of 3.4 (2.2) times the SM prediction is obtained at 95% confidence level. The tt̄H signal strength, represented by the ratio of the measured tt̄H cross-section to the SM prediction, is found to be μ = 1.5 ± 1.1 for a Higgs boson mass of m_H = 125 GeV. A measurement of the top quark pair (tt̄) production cross-section was performed using 3.2 fb⁻¹ of pp collision data at √s = 13 TeV. The measurement uses events with an opposite-charge-sign electron-muon pair and exactly one and two jets originating from b quarks. The inclusive tt̄ production cross-section is measured to be σ_tt̄ = 818 ± 8(stat) ± 27(syst) ± 19(lumi) ± 12(beam) pb, where the uncertainties arise from data statistics, analysis systematic effects, the integrated luminosity and the LHC beam energy. The total relative uncertainty is 4.4%. The result is consistent with the theoretical prediction at the next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy in the strong coupling constant αs of QCD, with the resummation of next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) soft gluon terms. A fiducial cross-section corresponding to the experimental acceptance of leptons is also measured.

No description available.