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Competitive cheerleading is a sport that has received very little research attention yet was of great interest to the researcher who has coached this sport for over six years. This research asks, "What is the impact of a competitive cheerleading experience on the development of female athletes?" The literature surrounding cheerleading, the sports environment, psychology of coaching, sociology of sports, and feminism in sports is reviewed. A case study approach using both quantitative and qualitative techniques for data collection was used. Participants were five females who had been involved in competitive cheerleading for a mean of 4.4 years. Each participant completed a questionnaire as well as an interview with the researcher. Seven themes were found in the narratives: athleticism, team dynamics, unique aspects of competitive cheerleading, social skills, negative impacts of competitive cheerleading, involving male athletes and peer perception. Within each theme, there were key findings. This study filled some of the gaps in past research by using female participants, qualitative research methods, and the analysis of one sport.

We present Chandra ACIS-S and Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) radio continuum observations of the strongly lensed dusty, star-forming galaxy SPT-S J034640-5204.9 (hereafter SPT0346-52) at z = 5.656. This galaxy has also been observed with ALMA, HST, Spitzer, Herschel, Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment, and the Very Large Telescope. Previous observations indicate that if the infrared (IR) emission is driven by star formation, then the inferred lensing-corrected star formation rate (SFR) (similar to 4500 M-circle dot yr(-1)) and SFR surface density Sigma(SFR) (similar to 2000 M-circle dot yr(-1) kpc(-2)) are both exceptionally high. It remained unclear from the previous data, however, whether a central active galactic nucleus (AGN) contributes appreciably to the IR luminosity. The Chandra upper limit shows that SPT0346-52 is consistent with being star formation dominated in the X-ray, and any AGN contribution to the IR emission is negligible. The ATCA radio continuum upper limits are also consistent with the FIR-to-radio correlation for star-forming galaxies with no indication of an additional AGN contribution. The observed prodigious intrinsic IR luminosity of (3.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(13) L-circle dot originates almost solely from vigorous star formation activity. With an intrinsic source size of 0.61 +/- 0.03 kpc, SPT0346-52 is confirmed to have one of the highest Sigma(SFR) of any known galaxy. This high Sigma(SFR), which approaches the Eddington limit for a radiation pressure supported starburst, may be explained by a combination of very high star formation efficiency and gas fraction.

<p> Ionic currents were used to probe amorphous MnO<p style="font-variant: small-caps">2</p>, which is a battery cathode material in lithium ion batteries, that was template electrodeposited in polycarbonate cylindrical nanopores. The porous MnO<p style="font-variant: small-caps"> 2</p> occupies the volume extending approximately 1 &mu;m into the pore from one end and nanovoid channels, in the MnO<p style="font-variant: small-caps">2</p>, allow for electrolyte solution to pass through from one end to the other. </p><p> Presented in this thesis are the results of ionic current studies used to probe ion transport through amorphous MnO<p style="font-variant: small-caps">2</p>, in different oxidation states, with 100 mM LiClO₄ electrolyte in propylene carbonate (PC) solvent. Current-voltage curves, from ionic current-measurements, were unable to resolve excess surface charge in the electrodeposited MnO<p style="font-variant: small-caps"> 2</p>. A comparison of current-voltage curves from when the MnO<p style="font-variant: small-caps"> 2</p> was cycled between lithium inserted and deinserted oxidation states showed a trend of increasing resistance over a series of three lithium insertion and deinsertion cycles.</p>

The high latitude ionosphere is a dynamic region that is subject to a variety of disturbed conditions affecting oblique propagation of HF radio signals. Multipath and off great circle propagation resulting from rough ionospheric reflecting surfaces introduce time dispersion, while movements in the ionosphere impose Doppler dispersion. These effects, when combined, result in very complex signal characteristics, which cause degradation to the performance of communication systems if the delay or Doppler dispersion exceeds system dependent bounds.;Results are presented based around measurements of signals, produced by the Doppler And Multipath SOunding Network, recorded using a six channel spaced array receiving system, during a 10 day campaign at Kiruna in March 1998. In addition to delay and Doppler processing, the directions of arrival (DOA) of the signal components were estimated using a super resolution direction finding algorithm.;Most signals were narrow in delay and Doppler, however a significant statistical spread in their DOA was observed. Statistics on the occurrence and characteristics of the remaining signals revealed that trends in DOA are often associated with complex delay and Doppler propagation. A number of cases had Doppler spread exceeding a specified Doppler boundary of operation, while none exceeded the delay spread boundary.;Case studies revealed detailed propagation effects. Of particular interest is the often observed East → West trend in DOA with Doppler offset. This is attributed to scattering from irregularities embedded in turbulent bulk convection flows. E-region modes with good spectral and geographic distribution of signal energy are often observed in otherwise complex cases.;Spatial filtering, using two or three element arrays was investigated and found to be effective at reducing large Doppler spreads to lower values more amenable to high data rate communication systems. Fast solver spatial filtering methods were found to be very robust, effective and a lot quicker.

The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to identify and compile recommended safety standards for woodworking laboratories concerning guarding of machines, electrical wiring, fire prevention, flooring materials, and aisles; (2) to identify the standards that pertain to the physical facility and equipment used in industrial arts laboratories and to make them available to teachers and administrators for use in renovation of existing facilities and planning new ones; and (3) to determine the extent to which industrial arts woodworking laboratories in Texas high schools are in compliance with the safety standards set forth by the Texas Occupational Safety Board.

This study is an experiment to determine the effectiveness of high-speed drill on speed and accuracy achievement in the first semester of beginning typewriting at the high school level.