International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Many telemetry stations would like to convert from using digital-to analog converters (DAC's) to using direct digital inputs to their chart recorders but can't find a suitable recorder interface. These stations often have hundreds or even thousands of channels of information being bussed around at very high speeds on propriatary real-time computer systems. The lack of standardization has naturally presented recorder manufacturers with problems in selecting the appropriate interface hardware. Standard parallel interfaces, such as SCSI and GPIB, are usually too slow and not really suited for real-time transfer, although they can be used in some circumstances which will be described. The best choice seems to be a general purpose parallel port of at least 16 data bits which can support a large number of addresses. Such an interface can be used with a high speed network like SCRAMNet as well as with a general purpose computer or workstation. This paper will describe several available parallel ports using both TTL and RS-485 (long-line) hardware and some practical implementations of thermal array recorder use with SCRAMNet, GPIB, and general purpose parallel busses.

Quality of Service (QoS) schedulers are one of the most important components for the end-to-end QoS support in the Internet. The focus of this thesis is the hardware design and implementation of the QoS schedulers, that is scalable for high line speeds and large number of traffic flows. FPGA is the selected hardware platform. Previous work on the hardware design and implementation of QoS schedulers are mostly algorithm specific. In this thesis, a general architecture for the design of the class of Packet Fair Queuing (PFQ) schedulers is proposed. Worst Case Fair Weighted Fair Queuing Plus (WF2Q+) scheduler is implemented and tested in hardware to demonstrate the proposed architecture and design enhancements. The maximum line speed that PFQ algorithms can operate decreases as the number of scheduled flows increases. For this reason, this thesis proposes to aggregate the flows to scale the PFQ architecture to high line speeds. The Window Based Fair Aggregator (WBFA) algorithm that this thesis suggests for flow aggregation provides a tunable trade-off between the efficient use of the available bandwidth and the fairness among the constituent flows. WBFA is also integrated to the hardware PFQ architecture. The QoS support provided by the proposed PFQ architecture and WBFA is measured by conducting hardware experiments on a custom built high speed network testbed which consists of three data processing cards and a backplane. In these experiments, the input traffic is provided by the hardware traffic generator which is designed in the scope of this thesis.

Most used security mechanisms in high-speed networks have been adopted without adequate quantification of their impact on performance degradation. Appropriate quantitative network models may be employed for the evaluation and prediction of 'optimal' performance vs. security trade-offs. Several quantitative models introduced in the literature are based on queueing networks (QNs) and generalised stochastic Petri nets (GSPNs). However, these models do not take into consideration Performance Engineering Principles (PEPs) and the adverse impact of traffic burstiness and security protocols on performance. The contributions of this thesis are based on the development of an effective quantitative methodology for the analysis of arbitrary QN models and GSPNs through discrete-event simulation (DES) and extended applications into performance vs. security trade-offs involving infrastructure and infrastructure-less high-speed networks under bursty traffic conditions. Specifically, investigations are carried out focusing, for illustration purposes, on high-speed network routers subject to Access Control List (ACL) and also Robotic Ad Hoc Networks (RANETs) with Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Selective Security (SS) protocols, respectively. The Generalised Exponential (GE) distribution is used to model inter-arrival and service times at each node in order to capture the traffic burstiness of the network and predict pessimistic 'upper bounds' of network performance. In the context of a router with ACL mechanism representing an infrastructure network node, performance degradation is caused due to high-speed incoming traffic in conjunction with ACL security computations making the router a bottleneck in the network. To quantify and predict the trade-off of this degradation, the proposed quantitative methodology employs a suitable QN model consisting of two queues connected in a tandem configuration. These queues have single or quad-core CPUs with multiple-classes and correspond to a security processing node and a transmission forwarding node. First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) and Head-of-the-Line (HoL) are the adopted service disciplines together with Complete Buffer Sharing (CBS) and Partial Buffer Sharing (PBS) buffer management schemes. The mean response time and packet loss probability at each queue are employed as typical performance metrics. Numerical experiments are carried out, based on DES, in order to establish a balanced trade-off between security and performance towards the design and development of efficient router architectures under bursty traffic conditions. The proposed methodology is also applied into the evaluation of performance vs. security trade-offs of robotic ad hoc networks (RANETs) with mobility subject to Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Selective Security (SS) protocols. WEP protocol is engaged to provide confidentiality and integrity to exchanged data amongst robotic nodes of a RANET and thus, to prevent data capturing by unauthorised users. WEP security mechanisms in RANETs, as infrastructure-less networks, are performed at each individual robotic node subject to traffic burstiness as well as nodal mobility. In this context, the proposed quantitative methodology is extended to incorporate an open QN model of a RANET with Gated queues (G-Queues), arbitrary topology and multiple classes of data packets with FCFS and HoL disciplines under bursty arrival traffic flows characterised by an Interrupted Compound Poisson Process (ICPP). SS is included in the Gated-QN (G-QN) model in order to establish an 'optimal' performance vs. security trade-off. For this purpose, PEPs, such as the provision of multiple classes with HoL priorities and the availability of dual CPUs, are complemented by the inclusion of robot's mobility, enabling realistic decisions in mitigating the performance of mobile robotic nodes in the presence of security. The mean marginal end-to-end delay was adopted as the performance metric that gives indication on the security improvement. The proposed quantitative methodology is further enhanced by formulating an advanced hybrid framework for capturing 'optimal' performance vs. security trade-offs for each node of a RANET by taking more explicitly into consideration security control and battery life. Specifically, each robotic node is represented by a hybrid Gated GSPN (G-GSPN) and a QN model. In this context, the G-GSPN incorporates bursty multiple class traffic flows, nodal mobility, security processing and control whilst the QN model has, generally, an arbitrary configuration with finite capacity channel queues reflecting 'intra'-robot (component-to-component) communication and 'inter'-robot transmissions. Two theoretical case studies from the literature are adapted to illustrate the utility of the QN towards modelling 'intra' and 'inter' robot communications. Extensions of the combined performance and security metrics (CPSMs) proposed in the literature are suggested to facilitate investigating and optimising RANET's performance vs. security trade-offs. This framework has a promising potential modelling more meaningfully and explicitly the behaviour of security processing and control mechanisms as well as capturing the robot's heterogeneity (in terms of the robot architecture and application/task context) in the near future (c.f. [1]. Moreover, this framework should enable testing robot's configurations during design and development stages of RANETs as well as modifying and tuning existing configurations of RANETs towards enhanced 'optimal' performance and security trade-offs.

The master's thesis solve the problem of setting new TCP variants for high-speed IP networks. The first goal was to describe in detail the behaviour of TCP and then analyse a problem of utilization the available bandwidth with standard TCP in high-speed network. Work consequently deals with selection and description the most perspective ones. Further the reader is familiarized with reasonable simulation tools of existing problems and their brief description. Main part of this thesis presents examination of performance of new TCP variants for high-speed network. During the examination the aspects on efficiency and fairness of competition flows on shared bottleneck are taken. The results are tabularly displayed plus compared with each other.

Most used security mechanisms in high-speed networks have been adopted without adequate quantification of their impact on performance degradation. Appropriate quantitative network models may be employed for the evaluation and prediction of ¿optimal¿ performance vs. security trade-offs. Several quantitative models introduced in the literature are based on queueing networks (QNs) and generalised stochastic Petri nets (GSPNs). However, these models do not take into consideration Performance Engineering Principles (PEPs) and the adverse impact of traffic burstiness and security protocols on performance. The contributions of this thesis are based on the development of an effective quantitative methodology for the analysis of arbitrary QN models and GSPNs through discrete-event simulation (DES) and extended applications into performance vs. security trade-offs involving infrastructure and infrastructure-less high-speed networks under bursty traffic conditions. Specifically, investigations are carried out focusing, for illustration purposes, on high-speed network routers subject to Access Control List (ACL) and also Robotic Ad Hoc Networks (RANETs) with Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Selective Security (SS) protocols, respectively. The Generalised Exponential (GE) distribution is used to model inter-arrival and service times at each node in order to capture the traffic burstiness of the network and predict pessimistic ¿upper bounds¿ of network performance. In the context of a router with ACL mechanism representing an infrastructure network node, performance degradation is caused due to high-speed incoming traffic in conjunction with ACL security computations making the router a bottleneck in the network. To quantify and predict the trade-off of this degradation, the proposed quantitative methodology employs a suitable QN model consisting of two queues connected in a tandem configuration. These queues have single or quad-core CPUs with multiple-classes and correspond to a security processing node and a transmission forwarding node. First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) and Head-of-the-Line (HoL) are the adopted service disciplines together with Complete Buffer Sharing (CBS) and Partial Buffer Sharing (PBS) buffer management schemes. The mean response time and packet loss probability at each queue are employed as typical performance metrics. Numerical experiments are carried out, based on DES, in order to establish a balanced trade-off between security and performance towards the design and development of efficient router architectures under bursty traffic conditions. The proposed methodology is also applied into the evaluation of performance vs. security trade-offs of robotic ad hoc networks (RANETs) with mobility subject to Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Selective Security (SS) protocols. WEP protocol is engaged to provide confidentiality and integrity to exchanged data amongst robotic nodes of a RANET and thus, to prevent data capturing by unauthorised users. WEP security mechanisms in RANETs, as infrastructure-less networks, are performed at each individual robotic node subject to traffic burstiness as well as nodal mobility. In this context, the proposed quantitative methodology is extended to incorporate an open QN model of a RANET with Gated queues (G-Queues), arbitrary topology and multiple classes of data packets with FCFS and HoL disciplines under bursty arrival traffic flows characterised by an Interrupted Compound Poisson Process (ICPP). SS is included in the Gated-QN (G-QN) model in order to establish an ¿optimal¿ performance vs. security trade-off. For this purpose, PEPs, such as the provision of multiple classes with HoL priorities and the availability of dual CPUs, are complemented by the inclusion of robot¿s mobility, enabling realistic decisions in mitigating the performance of mobile robotic nodes in the presence of security. The mean marginal end-to-end delay was adopted as the performance metric that gives indication on the security improvement. The proposed quantitative methodology is further enhanced by formulating an advanced hybrid framework for capturing ¿optimal¿ performance vs. security trade-offs for each node of a RANET by taking more explicitly into consideration security control and battery life. Specifically, each robotic node is represented by a hybrid Gated GSPN (G-GSPN) and a QN model. In this context, the G-GSPN incorporates bursty multiple class traffic flows, nodal mobility, security processing and control whilst the QN model has, generally, an arbitrary configuration with finite capacity channel queues reflecting ¿intra¿-robot (component-to-component) communication and ¿inter¿-robot transmissions. Two theoretical case studies from the literature are adapted to illustrate the utility of the QN towards modelling ¿intra¿ and ¿inter¿ robot communications. Extensions of the combined performance and security metrics (CPSMs) proposed in the literature are suggested to facilitate investigating and optimising RANET¿s performance vs. security trade-offs. This framework has a promising potential modelling more meaningfully and explicitly the behaviour of security processing and control mechanisms as well as capturing the robot¿s heterogeneity (in terms of the robot architecture and application/task context) in the near future (c.f. [1]. Moreover, this framework should enable testing robot¿s configurations during design and development stages of RANETs as well as modifying and tuning existing configurations of RANETs towards enhanced ¿optimal¿ performance and security trade-offs. / Ministry of Higher Education in Libya and the Libyan Cultural Attaché bureau in London

Cette thèse aborde plusieurs sujets relatifs à l’impact de la régulation sectorielle sur la concurrence et l’investissement dans le secteur des communications électroniques. En particulier, cette thèse soulève des questions relative à la pertinence de la régulation, lorsque celle-ci est imposée à de technologies anciennes, notamment lorsque des technologies plus efficaces et plus modernes sont disponibles sur le marché à un prix abordable. Cette thèse permet également d’analyser comment la régulation sectorielle affecte la concurrence entre technologies et indirectement l’investissement des opérateurs privés. Des analyses plus complètes sont proposées en ce qui concerne le marché du haut et du très haut débit. J’y estime dans quelle mesure l’impact de la concurrence (via le dégroupage de la boucle locale cuivre) vient affecter les incitations à investir des opérateurs dans les réseaux en fibre optique. Enfin, cette thèse permet d’évaluer l’impact des réseaux très haut débit sur la croissance économique au niveau local, en termes d’impact sur les créations d’entreprises et les créations d’entreprises unipersonnelles. Cette dernière étude a pour objectif de quantifier les bénéfices économiques provenant du déploiement de ces réseaux de nouvelle génération. / This thesis approaches several issues related to the impact of sector-specific regulation on competition and investments in the electronic communication sector. More specifically, it raises the question of the relevance of regulation when applied to an old technology, when enhanced and affordable alternative technologies are available. It also analyzes how regulation affects competition between technologies and indirectly operators’ investments. Further analyses are provided for the fixed broadband market, with an assessment of the effect of competition via local loop unbundling on operators’ incentives to invest into fiber networks. Finally, this thesis evaluates the impact of very high-speed broadband networks on local economic growth, in terms of establishment creation and sole proprietorship creation. It attempts to quantify the economic benefits stemming from the roll-out of next generation access networks

As the networks become faster and faster, the emerging requirement is to improve the performance of the Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) to keep up with the increased network throughput. In high speed networks, it is very difficult for the IDPS to process all the packets. Since the throughput of IDPS is not improved as fast as the throughput of the switches and routers, it is necessary to develop new detection techniques other than traditional techniques. In this thesis we propose a rule-based IDPS technique to detect Layer 2-4 attacks by just examining the flow data without inspecting packet payload. Our approach is designed to work as an additional component to existing IDPS as we acknowledge that the attacks at Layer 5 and above require payload inspection. The rule set is constructed and tested on a real network to evaluate the performance of the system.