Previous research has suggested that making certain items visually salient, or highlighting, can speed performance in a visual search task. But designers of interfaces cannot always easily anticipate a user's target, and highlighting items other than the target can be associated with performance decrements. three experiments were performed which demonstrated that people's performance in a visual search task is differentially sensitive to highlighting's predictiveness of target location. That sensitivity depends upon the proportion of instances in which highlighting actually predicts target location. A cognitive model constructed using the ACT-R architecture inferred that people evaluate and adjust their visual search behavior at a very small level of the task. / pages 71-83 and 88-95 are missing from hard copy of text

Highlighting is an annotation method frequently used to indicate importance. This document introduces context highlighting of web documents and demonstrates that passive readers may benefit from summaries produced by context/keyword highlighting. HighBrow, a prototype browser developed to enable active readers to create context/keyword summaries from web documents, is introduced. This document provides the results of an experiment using three groups of passive readers: the first group reading an entire document; the second group reading a context/keyword summary provided by HighBrow; and the third group reading a keyword only summary (provided by a modified version of HighBrow). The experiment was developed to measure quiz performance, preparation time, and efficiency (quiz score divided by time).

This Study examines the grades of students using study skill methods and those who do not. The experiment consists of giving the treatment group the opportunity to use well- known study techniques. The Control group could only read the material. Both groups were given ten minutes to read a pre-selected text. The text consisted of an 1,807 word lesson on the, "Technical Training Management System." Each group was given five minutes to take a twenty item quiz. Fifty-five students in the control group were limited to only reading the material. Fifty-six students in the treatment group could choose between highlighting, note-taking, and underlining. The results of the test scores were compared using a t - test for dependent samples. One week later, the same students in each group were re-tested, using the same quiz they had taken earlier. Students had five minutes to review study material. Study material for the treatment group included the same material they had annotated earlier. The Results from each group wascompared. Efforts were made to avoid potential flaws in previous studies, thereby producing more viable results. Results of this study indicate there is no significant difference between the grades of students who use the aforementioned forms of text annotation and those who do not.

The modern day tourists do not want to deal with the hassle of using a large number of travel guides and paper maps while travelling. They would prefer to be able to access required information via their mobile phones or Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). We realise that the delivered information may be originally available in numerous information formats. To support the administrator of the tourist guides the programme is required to help sorting information from these different sources and to help inserting them into a system. Our goal with this project is to develop a software support for processing information import via a graphical user interface, to support the administrator in identifying and extracting the appropriate sight information from various resources. The interface also helps in transferring and storing the structured and unstructured data into the TIP database.

abstract: Web-based learning resources have been criticized as being developed with minimal consideration as to the effectiveness of the design principles or guidelines used to create them. Extraneous material is oftentimes present and necessary for learners to engage in effective learning with multimedia learning material. Signaling learners towards important information between images and corresponding text has been shown to be an effective method for providing learners a way to quickly find information between the two parts of the learning material. However, not all signaling methods are equally effective in all applications. This study investigates a novel signaling method, using spatial isolation of text, as a way to signal learners in a web-based format compared to a traditional highlighting method and a non-signaled control group. Improved learning performance was observed for knowledge retention using text isolation as the signaling method, but no other significant effects were observed between the other conditions. Additionally, transfer of knowledge across all conditions showed no significant differences either. While minimal support for the effectiveness of isolated text signaling was demonstrated, the statistical means trend across all post-test knowledge assessments suggest that further evaluation of the novel signaling method is justified. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Applied Psychology 2017

Domain specific languages are sometimes useful to make it easier to express solutions to problems in a specific domain compared to general purpose programming languages. There are a number of tools available to create such languages, either as separate languages or by extending an existing language. One large problem with creating languages or language extensions is that existing tools are unaware of the new language, and therefore unable to properly assist the programmer unless all such tools are extended to support the new language. Extending all tools to support the new language is often a large enough task to be infeasible, especially for small languages. In this thesis, we propose using the compiler of the extensible language Storm to provide the information required for a text editor to provide syntax highlighting and code formatting. By using the Storm compiler to provide the required information, it is possible to use the Storm language definitions for syntax highlighting and code formatting in addition to compiling the language. This means that syntax highlighting and code formatting can be provided without requiring the language author to maintain multiple implementations of the language. The solution is evaluated by comparing the correctness and the responsiveness of the syntax highlighting to Emacs.

Die Einarbeitung in ein bestehendes Softwareprojekt ist mit einigen Schwierigkeiten behaftet. Um das Verständnis über Aufbau und Funktionsweise von Software zu fördern, werden die zugrundeliegenden, meist abstrakten Daten oft mithilfe einer Metapher in eine verständlichere visuelle Form übertragen. Ein entscheidender Bereich, der sich dieser Aufgabe annimmt, ist die Softwarevisualisierung. Mithilfe der Visualisierung bietet sich ein Überblick auf ein gesamtes Softwareprojekt. Zur Verbesserung des Verständnisses ist es auch notwendig, einen direkten Bezug vom abstrakten Quellcode zu den Bestandteilen der Visualisierung zu ziehen. Dadurch können erkannte Auffälligkeiten sofort am Quellcode untersucht werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Quellcode in die Visualisierung zu integrieren und damit diesen Bezug herzustellen. Zusätzlich wurde die Darstellung des Quellcodes durch das Einbinden des Frameworks Prism mit einem Syntax-Highlighting versehen. Das Syntax-Highlighting erhöht dessen Lesbarkeit und bietet dem Benutzer damit eine bessere Orientierung. Der Bezug wurde gleichzeitig dadurch gestärkt, dass der Benutzer mit dem Quellcode auf die gleiche Weise interagieren kann, wie mit den Elementen innerhalb der Visualisierung.:Gliederung Abbildungsverzeichnis Quellcode-Listing Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Zielstellung 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Stand der Forschung 2.1 Softwarevisualisierung 2.2 Der Generator 2.3 Extensible 3D und X3DOM 2.4 Die Oberfläche 3 Theoretische Grundlagen 3.1 Anzeigen des Quellcodes 3.2 Der HTML-Standard 3.3 JavaScript 3.4 Reguläre Ausdrücke 4 Syntax-Highlighter 4.1 Syntax-Highlighting 4.2 Evaluation eines Syntax-Highlighters 4.3 Prism 5 Erweiterung des Prototyps 5.1 Funktionsweise 5.2 Implementierung 5.2.1 Architektur der Oberfläche 5.2.2 Laden und Anzeigen des Quellcodes 5.2.3 Hervorheben des selektierten Elements 5.2.4 Interaktion mit dem Quellcode 5.2.5 Darstellung im Extra-Fenster 6 Fazit und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis

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Each day, the need for as well as the amount of network-based applications grows and with it the implementation of RESTful APIs. For all these APIs there is a need for documentation of the API's behavior, its benefits, how it interacts with other APIs, and its expected result. To solve this; An API specification is constructed. This is a document containing the design philosophy of the APIs and can act as a guideline for how they should be constructed. When designing API specifications it is often difficult to understand what objective quality the API document upholds. To understand the objective quality of an API specification it must first be understood what a good objective quality is in this regard. We used static code tests (linter rules) that are mapped to three quality attributes that fit the industry's consensus of the most important quality attributes that need to be complacent for a good quality API. We then implemented an automatic process of splitting API specifications into positive and negative training data using the linter results of the rules. The resulting data is used to train our BERT model.The model will then be able to give an objective score to unseen API specifications. We then used a saliency map (textual heatmap) in order to understand BERT's decisions, which added the potential to generate new linter rules from the given results. After testing unseen API specifications on our BERT model, we saw that it was able to generate a reasonable quality score. Although, when inserting smaller features to generate a textual heatmap, the predictions of our model were not correct, hence not making it possible to understand BERT's decisions through our implementation. This also meant that new rules could not be acquired from reviewing the BERT's result.

The aim of this masters thesis is design and implement an appropriate method for highlighting MR images and the identification of rough edges to provide for division of controlled areas. To this purpose is possible to use the Wavelet analysis. For the simulation environment I using MATLAB entviroment, where introduce the comparison for different types of de-noising and too for different mother wavelets. These methods will be implemented on various MR images of termoromandibular joint.