This research aims to deconstruct the discretionary character of outdoor recreation, in view of the hegemonic nature of intersectional oppression. Once deconstructed, it also questions how outdoor recreation, inspired the Scandinavian concept of friluftsliv, can become a feminist space for resistance against this oppression. The Feminist Hiking Collective is presented as case-study.

This thesis is focused on aspects of mountains activities as a ski touring, hiking and mountaineering. This field of sports are associated with the risk of altitude sickness. The thesis examines key parameters that contribute to the emergence of altitude sickness. The other examinees parameters are weather conditions, influence of high altitude, physical training and physiological manifestations of individual person. The aim of this thesis was find out which sports are the most affected by high altitude sickness. And what are the most common symptoms of altitude sickness. It was based on the literature and questionnaire.

Abstract: This thesis focuses on the physical strain of geocaching in individual age categories in The Central Bohemian region. Geocaching is a new outdoor activity, based on a popular game, which was played by generations of children and young people. The players seek for a well hidden treasure a container called "cache". This game connects younger and older age groups, who have a common aim. It supports the cooperation of different generations, whose family trips get a new motivation. The geocachers get to know interesting towns and cities, their history, national parks or other nature beauties. This final paper compares the physical strain of some age groups of geocachers from the Central Bohemian region. The thesis concentrates on the frequency, length and energetic demands of their routes.

The aim of the diploma thesis was to create the functional core of geographic information system (GIS) of hiking trails in the Eagle Mountains including the spatial analysis. The first part, more theoretical, is dedicated to the brief description of the theory and initial analysis before the particular creation of GIS. In the second part, more practical, the process of the respective task is described from the data collection to data editing, creating the core of GIS, spatial analysis and final visualization.

This MA thesis deals with the influence of single-sex tourist groups on creating the identity of their members. The aim is to discover the effect of membership in such a non-coeducational tourist clubs on children, and also how this leisure activity affects children's identity and what impact it has on their development. The theoretical part discusses socializing, social environment, gender, gender socialization and gender stereotypes. Furthermore, it also deals with the influence of peers and peer groups for socialization of children and the issue of the high quality use of leisure time. For the purpose of this thesis, interviews were carried out with all parties involved in the functioning of these clubs, namely leaders, instructors, parents and of course also the current and former members of these clubs. For comparison of some statements, an interview with a leader of a very similar, but non-coeducational club was carried out. The results showed that non-coeducational clubs are beneficial for children because the children have the opportunity to access activities normally carried out by the members of the opposite sex, and to do so without gender-motivated social prejudices. Additionally, the approach and attitudes of the leaders have great influence on the running of the club, the nature...

Conflict among recreationists in natural resource settings is a long-term problem that continues to grow in many areas. This study was conducted to provide an assessment of conflict between hikers and horseback riders in the Mount Rogers High Country of Virginia. Conflict was examined using three separate measures: crowding, impacts and interference. Examination of an index measure of conflict revealed that 64% of hikers experienced conflict toward horseback riders, while only 3% of horseback riders reported conflict due to hikers. Because of the clearly asymmetric nature of the conflict, the conflict predictor variables (past experience, wilderness involvement, place attachment and perceived similarity) were examined for the hiker population in the study. Discriminant analysis revealed that the model tested can predict with more than 68% success whether hikers will experience conflict due to horses. The perceived similarity of values variable was shown to be the most important and perceived similarity of socio-economic status the second in importance in explaining conflict. Hikers that perceived horseback riders to be different from themselves in how they value the High Country and in their socio-economic status were more likely to experience conflict with horseback riders than hikers that perceived horseback riders as similar to themselves. Measures of past experience and wilderness involvement were also significant predictors of conflict. However, relative to the perceived similarity items, these variables did not contribute much information or "predictive power" to the model. The two place attachment factors, place identity and place dependence, were not significant in the model. / Master of Science

Recent research has emphasized the importance of rail-trails for various activity experiences and economic benefits. Past research has not, however, examined rail-trail opportunities with other trail opportunities in order to understand whether specific management efforts are needed for this type of setting and its users. This study investigated the differences between rail-trail users and general trail users with respect to socio-demographics (age, income, gender, income, community type), use characteristics (frequency of visitation, miles traveled to the site, group size, past experience with the area), expenditures (total and specific types), and trail/activity meanings (satisfaction, setting appraisals, place attachment, activity involvement, mode of experience). The study included a variety of camping and day-use areas within the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area. On-site interview and mail survey data were obtained from 235 trail respondents from May through October, 1993. Findings revealed few group differences with respect to socio-demographics and trail meanings. Use characteristics and expenditures, however, demonstrated differences as rail-trail users tended to be day-users who traveled shorter distances, participated in trail activities for fewer hours and within smaller groups, and tended to spend more on hotel accommodations and restaurants than general trail users. Management implications relate to assisting the economic base of local communities by attracting more non-local rail-trail users and encouraging them to stay longer in the region. Recommendations for further research suggest assessing benefits and motivations with respect to specific trail opportunities in order to reveal greater group differentiation. A discussion on the joint effects of variations in activities at the two trail settings is also addressed. / Master of Science

The call of the wilderness resonates in all of our hearts, with the desire to get in touch with nature and experience wilderness at some level. This project gives the high school teacher the practical resources necessary to share the passion of being in the wilderness with high school students.

Psychological factors specific to overuse injury pain in physical activity contexts were explored within a social identity theoretical framework. Study 1 involved development of a method for designating overuse injury pain occurrence of hikers (N = 751), along with exploration of relationships between psychological measures, overuse injury pain occurrence, and effort levels. The findings of this cross-sectional, mixed-methods investigation revealed that social identification, social identity content, and mental toughness differentiated hikers who incurred overuse injury pain or selected a higher-effort behaviour from those who did not. From qualitative analysis, several social identity constructs (i.e., group member's presence, in-group status, social creativity, additional social identity content) emerged as contributors to overuse injury occurrence. The focus of Study 2 was a prospective examination of the aforementioned psychological factors in relation to overuse injury severity of hikers (N = 283). Additionally, the Test of Intentions to Reduce Effort (TIRE) was developed to identify individuals with susceptibility to higher overuse injury severity. Results provided evidence of factorial, construct, and predictive validity of TIRE factor scores. TIRE factors and social identity content significantly predicted higher severity of hikers' overuse injury pain. Mental toughness scores moderated the relationship between social identification and overuse injury severity. Study 3 consisted of a qualitative examination of social identity mechanisms of overuse injury pain in a physical activity context, CrossFit®, involving the presence of group leaders, and in which group members view each other. Findings revealed mechanisms pertaining to social identity content, in-group status, and social threats. Overall, the findings support a new means for assessing overuse injury occurrence and susceptibility to higher overuse injury severity, whilst demonstrating the potential applicability of social identity theory to the study of overuse injury. Knowledge gained may ultimately aid development of interventions to reduce overuse injury occurrence and severity of physical activity participants.

The main aim of the present dissertation has been the proposition and the following verification of tourist routes of the Kožlany region, so that they would comply with the pedagogic/recreational needs of first grade pupils. The routes are also eligible for pupils of higher grades, without losing value or meaning. I have chosen the Kožlany region for the vast majority of the tourist routes because of its unusual and picturesque scenery with slight terrain elevation and unpredictable landscape changes, thus being a surprisingly refreshing and interesting region to travel through. Besides differentiated terrain Kožlany is a region with a large wood covered area of remarkable beauty and historical monuments which are rarely mentioned yet deliver an unforgettable experience of history and greatness. Among the most important edifices are the monasteries of Plasy and Marianská Tynice. Although other monuments have lesser historical importance than the mentioned monasteries, they do not fail to captivate with their uniqueness and splendor. Examples of such monuments and historical sites are the ruined fortresses of Krašov and Krakovec, the hunting chateau Angerbach, the Jewish cemetery in Kožlany and others. The town of Kožlany is a small, but on the other hand a very interesting place. Two important historical figures are linked with the town, concretely the Czech king Vaclav I. and the second President of the Czechoslovak Republic, Dr. Edward Beneš. Both personalities are mentioned in the dissertation in concordance with their relevance to the tourist routes. The routes have been conceived for hiking, some of them also for cycling tourism, taking in account the amazing nature around Kožlany. The dissertation further includes a theoretical part which concentrates on the content, forms and especially on the importance of tourism in education. It also deals with the representation of tourism related activities in the instructional basis for the first grade development programs for primary, general and national schools. Each of the designed routes is thoroughly characterized according to its length, difficulty, duration, initial point, target point and the attractiveness of spots which should not be missed on the way. A detailed description of each journey's course with maps and additional photographic materials is to be found in the dissertation. Legends or fairy-tales are included in the case of some routes to make them more pleasant and meaningful for the travelling children, eventually adults. Every route has a specific name to keep a clear overview of all the routes as well as to motivate the possible travellers. The dissertation provides a wide range of materials and facts that will help the teacher orientate in the concrete journey and pass new knowledge to his pupils. A variety of games that could be relevantly played in the course of the journey are offered as well.\\