Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-31T17:34:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUISA_CIDALIA_GALLO_DE_ALMEIDA_DIS.pdf: 3496201 bytes, checksum: 3d0660cd86d46e29c77ead610e146aa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-10T13:02:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LUISA_CIDALIA_GALLO_DE_ALMEIDA_DIS.pdf: 3496201 bytes, checksum: 3d0660cd86d46e29c77ead610e146aa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-10T13:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUISA_CIDALIA_GALLO_DE_ALMEIDA_DIS.pdf: 3496201 bytes, checksum: 3d0660cd86d46e29c77ead610e146aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Xerostomia and hyposalivation are important sequelae of radiotherapy in the head and neck region since the salivary glands are extremely sensitive to the effects of ionizing radiation. The first article of this dissertation comprehends a literature review in which preventive methods of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia such as the use of cholinergic agonist drugs, antioxidant substances, acupuncture, low power laser therapy and submandibular gland transfer were discussed. The second article describes an experimental study with the objective of evaluating and comparing the radioprotective effect of vitamin E, the association of vitamins C and E, as well as resveratrol on morphological changes induced by radiotherapy in the parotid glands of rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control group (1.0 mL / kg of saline); Irradiated control group (1.0 mL / kg of saline solution); Vitamin E group (360 mg / kg, 200 IU / mL vitamin E); Vitamin C and E group (100 mg / kg, 200 mg / mL vitamin C and 360 mg / kg, 200 IU / mL vitamin E); Resveratrol group (100 mg / kg resveratrol). Prior to radiotherapy, the animals received one dose per day of the drug corresponding to each group, for three consecutive days, through gavage. The animals were submitted to cobalt-60 teletherapy in the head and neck region (except the control group), in a single session of 20 Gy. They were euthanized seven and thirty days after radiotherapy and the parotid glands were dissected and prepared for morphological evaluation. After seven days there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the presence of acinar disorganization, cytoplasmic vacuolation, changes suggestive of apoptosis and cellular pleomorphism. Thirty days after radiotherapy, in the vitamin E and resveratrol groups the presence of vacuolation was significantly lower in comparison to the irradiated group (p = 0.015). Also during this period, the resveratrol group presented less nuclear pleomorphism in relation to the irradiated group (p = 0.015). In addition, the vitamin E and resveratrol groups had a significantly higher nuclear area in the 30-day evaluation (p = 0.000). According to the results presented, it is possible to suggest that vitamin E and resveratrol attenuated the effects of ionizing radiation on rat parotid acinar cells. Resveratrol appears to have been more efficient compared to vitamin E. / A xerostomia e a hipossaliva??o s?o importantes sequelas da radioterapia em regi?o de cabe?a e pesco?o uma vez que as gl?ndulas salivares s?o extremamente sens?veis aos efeitos da radia??o ionizante. O primeiro artigo desta disserta??o trata-se de uma revis?o de literatura na qual foram abordados m?todos preventivos de xerostomia radioinduzida tais como o uso de f?rmacos agonistas colin?rgicos, subst?ncias antioxidantes, acupuntura, terapia laser de baixa pot?ncia e transfer?ncia de gl?ndula submandibular. O segundo artigo descreve um estudo experimental, realizado com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar o efeito radioprotetor da vitamina E, da associa??o das vitaminas C e E, bem como do resveratrol sobre altera??es morfol?gicas induzidas pela radioterapia em gl?ndulas par?tidas de ratos. Setenta ratos Wistar, machos, adultos foram distribu?dos em cinco grupos: grupo controle (1,0 mL/kg de solu??o salina); grupo controle irradiado (1,0 mL/kg de solu??o salina); grupo vitamina E (360 mg/kg, 200 UI/mL de vitamina E); grupo vitaminas C e E (360 mg/kg, 200 UI/mL de vitamina E e 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/mL de vitamina C); grupo resveratrol (100 mg/kg de resveratrol). Previamente ? radioterapia, os animais receberam uma dose por dia do f?rmaco correspondente a cada grupo, durante tr?s dias consecutivos, por meio de gavagem. Os animais foram submetidos ? teleterapia por cobalto-60 em regi?o de cabe?a e pesco?o (exceto o grupo-controle), em sess?o ?nica de 20 Gy. Os animais foram eutanasiados sete e trinta dias ap?s a radioterapia e as gl?ndulas par?tidas foram dissecadas e preparadas para avalia??o morfol?gica. Ap?s sete dias n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os grupos quanto ? presen?a de desorganiza??o acinar, vacuola??o citoplasm?tica, altera??es sugestivas de apoptose e pleomorfismo celular. Trinta dias ap?s a radioterapia, nos grupos vitamina E e resveratrol a presen?a de vacuola??o foi significativamente inferior em compara??o ao grupo irradiado (p=0,015). Ainda neste per?odo, o grupo resveratrol apresentou menos pleomorfismo nuclear em rela??o ao grupo irradiado (p=0,015). Al?m disso, os grupos vitamina E e resveratrol apresentaram ?rea nuclear significativamente superior aos demais na avalia??o de 30 dias (p=0,000). De acordo com os resultados apresentados ? poss?vel sugerir que a vitamina E e o resveratrol atenuaram os efeitos da radia??o ionizante nas c?lulas acinares de par?tidas de ratos. O resveratrol parece ter sido mais eficiente em compara??o ? vitamina E.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-31T17:56:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO_DE_ASSIS_CARVALHO_MEDELLA_JUNIOR_DIS.pdf: 1206616 bytes, checksum: d449c6e883b87845922436bf944fddcd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-10T13:23:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO_DE_ASSIS_CARVALHO_MEDELLA_JUNIOR_DIS.pdf: 1206616 bytes, checksum: d449c6e883b87845922436bf944fddcd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-10T13:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO_DE_ASSIS_CARVALHO_MEDELLA_JUNIOR_DIS.pdf: 1206616 bytes, checksum: d449c6e883b87845922436bf944fddcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Head and neck radiotherapy often involves major salivary glands, which may result in hyposalivation and xerostomia. Qualitative and quantitative salivary dysfunctions predispose the individual to changes in the oral mucosa and teeth, cause impairment to oral functions and negative impact on quality of life. In the first article of this study we carried out a literature review addressing the therapeutic management of salivary dysfunction. Established in the literature treatment modalities were reviewed, as well as new options still under investigation. The second paper describes an experimental study, which aimed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of histamine and lidocaine on morphological changes induced by radiation in parotid glands of rats. Fifty-six Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, Irradiated, Lidocaine and Histamine. The experimental groups were submitted to ionizing radiation, with the exception of the control group, in a single session of 20 Gy. In the Lidocaine Group this drug was administered at a concentration of 2%, intraperitoneally 10 minutes before radiotherapy, dose of 1mg / kg. In the histamine group, the substance was administered subcutaneously at a concentration of 0.5 mg/0.5 mL and a dose of 0.1 mg/kg daily for seven days, starting 24 hours before radiotherapy. Seven and 30 days after radiotherapy the animals were euthanized and their parotids were dissected for morphological analysis and measurement of the nuclear area of acinar cells. Morphological alterations such as acinar disorganization, cytoplasmic vacuolation, suggestive alterations of apoptosis / necrosis and nuclear pleomorphism were observed in the glands of the irradiated rats, with no differences between the groups receiving lidocaine or histamine. Nuclear area of acinar cells was significantly higher in the Lidocaine and Histamine groups. Despite this result, the parotid glands of irradiated animals showed significant mophological changes, regardless of treatment with lidocaine or histamine. The methodology used and results obtained in this study do not support the radioprotective effect of administered substances on the morphology of the rats parotid glands. / A radioterapia direcionada ? regi?o de cabe?a e pesco?o frequentemente envolve as gl?ndulas salivares maiores, podendo resultar em hipossaliva??o e xerostomia. Disfun??es salivares qualitativas e quantitativas predisp?e o indiv?duo a altera??es na mucosa bucal e nos dentes, causam preju?zo ?s fun??es orais e impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. No primeiro artigo desta disserta??o foi realizada uma revis?o de literatura abordando o manejo terap?utico das disfun??es salivares. Foram revisadas modalidades de tratamento j? consagradas na literatura, bem como novas op??es ainda em investiga??o. O segundo artigo descreve um estudo experimental que teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da lidoca?na e da histamina sobre altera??es morfol?gicas induzidas pela radioterapia em gl?ndulas par?tidas de ratos. Foram utilizados 56 ratos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos: Controle, Irradiado, Lidoca?na e Histamina. Os animais foram submetidos ? radia??o ionizante, excetuando-se o grupo-controle, em sess?o ?nica de 20 Gy. No grupo lidoca?na o f?rmaco foi administrado por via intraperitoneal na concentra??o de 2%, 10 minutos antes da radioterapia, na dosagem de 1mg/Kg. No grupo histamina a subst?ncia foi administrada por via subcut?nea na concentra??o de 0,5 mg/0,5 mL e dosagem de 0,1 mg/Kg, diariamente, por sete dias, iniciando-se 24 horas antes da radioterapia. Sete e trinta dias ap?s a radioterapia os animais foram eutanasiados e suas par?tidas foram dissecadas para analise morfol?gica e mensura??o da ?rea nuclear das c?lulas acinares. Altera??es morfol?gicas como desorganiza??o acinar, vacuola??o citoplasm?tica, altera??es sugestivas de apoptose/necrose e pleomorfismo nuclear foram observadas nas gl?ndulas dos animais irradiados, sem diferen?as entre os grupos que receberam lidoca?na ou histamina. A ?rea nuclear das c?lulas acinares foi significativamente superior nos grupos Lidoca?na e Histamina. Apesar deste resultado, as gl?ndulas par?tidas dos animais irradiados apresentaram importantes altera??es morfol?gicas, independente do tratamento com lidoca?na ou histamina. A metodologia utilizada e os resultados obtidos neste estudo n?o suportam o efeito radioprotetor das subst?ncias administradas sobre a morfologia de gl?ndulas par?tidas de ratos.