Resumo: Os ovários e o corpo gorduroso estão envolvidos na reprodução dos Arthropoda. A vitelogênese, que ocorre nos ovócitos dos Arthropoda em geral, incluindo os carrapatos, envolve a síntese endógena e a incorporação exógena de elementos que nutrirão o embrião. No presente estudo por meio da aplicação de técnicas de morfologia, morfometria, histoquímica, ultra-estrutura, citoquímica ultraestrutural e eletroforese analisou-se o ovário e o corpo gorduroso de fêmeas semiingurgitadas de carrapatos Amblyomma cajennense. O ovário é do tipo panoístico (sem a presença de células nutridoras) com desenvolvimento assincrônico dos ovócitos, os quais foram classificados em 5 estágios. Os ovócitos estão presos à parede do ovário por meio do pedicelo celular que participa também do fornecimento de substâncias do vitelo para o interior do ovócito. O vitelo dos ovócitos de A. cajennense é de natureza glicolipoprotéica, onde o lipídio é depositado primeiramente, seguido das proteínas e finalmente dos carboidratos. Os lipídios nestes ovócitos teriam origem nas mitocôndrias (produção endógena) e nas células do pedicelo. As proteínas do vitelo estão presentes já nos ovócitos em estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento, onde se observa grande quantidade de retículo endoplasmático granular, confirmando um processo de auto síntese protéica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The ovaries and the fat body are involved in the reproduction of Arthropoda. The vitellogenesis, which occurs in oocytes of Arthropoda in general, including ticks, involves the endogenous synthesis and exogenous uptake of compounds that will nourish the embryo. In the present study, the ovaries and fat bodies of partially engorged female ticks Amblyomma cajennense were examined using methods of morphology, morphometry, histochemistry, ultrastructure, ultrastructural cytochemistry, and electrophoresis. The ovary is panoistic (devoid of nurse cells) and oocytes develop asynchronously, which were classified in 5 stages. Oocytes are attached to the ovary wall by pedicel cells that also provide yolk constituents to the oocyte. The yolk of oocytes of A. cajennense consists of glycolipoproteins, in which lipids are deposited first, followed by proteins, and finally carbohydrates. Lipids in these oocytes probably originate in mitochondria (endogenous production) and pedicel cells. Yolk proteins are already present in oocytes in early developmental stages, in which large quantities of granular endoplasmic reticulum are observed, confirming a process of protein autosynthesis. Another site of yolk protein production in A. cajennense is the pedicel cells, indicating that the fat body in this species contributes little or even does not contribute with proteins for oocytes. Small quantities of yolk carbohydrates are found in less developed oocytes, in which uptake occurs in late maturation stages, and its... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maria Izabel Camargo Mathias / Coorientador: Gervásio Henrique Bechara / Banca: Rusleyd Maria Magalhães de Abreu / Banca: Karim Christina Scopinho Furquim / Banca: Carmem Silvia Fontanetti Christofoletti / Banca: Luciana Fioretti Gracioli Vitti / Doutor

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1972. / Typewritten.

No description available.

This study was conducted to determine the variation in stain Intensity between serial sections of muscle biopsies following a periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining procedure, to assess the reliability of the PAS staining technique for the quantitation of the glycogen content in muscle fibers, and to evaluate the variability in fiber composition between repeated biopsies of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle. Eight randomly located biopsies (4 right leg and 4 left leg) were obtained from the VL of each of 16 healthy males (26.1 ± 1.1 years). Serial cross sections, 10 um thick, were cut from each biopsy and stained for myosin ATPase following an acid preincubation at pH=4.30 and for glycogen using a PAS staining procedure. No significant difference existed in the fiber composition between the eight repeated biopsies taken from an individual. The variation In type I fiber percentage, expressed as the coefficient of variation, between repeated biopsies of the same leg and between the right and left VL averaged 18.6% and 17.7%, respectively. In many cases, differences of greater than 20% In the percentage of type I fibers were observed between repeated samples. These data suggest an inhomogeneity with regard to the fiber type distribution in the VL of young males and an Inability to predict the fiber composition of a muscle with a single biopsy sample.The optical densities (OD) of the same 50 type I and 50 type II fibers were determined In each of three PAS stained serial sections per biopsy using a computer integrated photometric system. Mean total, fiber type specific, and Individual fiber OD did not differ significantly between the serial sections although a variability was observed. This variability appears to be primarily due to differences In sectional thickness. The comparison of biochemically determined glycogen content (41.0 - 191.0 mmol.kg-lwet weight) to mean total OD in sections from the same samples resulted in a poor relationship (r=0.47) between the two methods for the quantification of muscle glycogen. These results Indicate a variability in PAS stain intensity between serial sections of muscle biopsies and an inability to quantify muscle glycogen concentrations with the photometric determination of OD of the PAS stain in cross sections of muscle. / School of Physical Education

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1950. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-70).

Methods for the microcarrier culture of HeLa cells were developed and optimum culture conditions established. Methods were also established for the isolation of HeLa plasma membranes on beads, based on the principle of cell lysis followed by the shrearing away of the internal cell components, leaving the plasma membrane attached to the beads. The HeLa plasma membranes isolated on beads showed 5-8 fold enrichment of plasma membrane markers, while intracellular markers were depleted to the point of non-detection (except for some slight lysosomal contamination). The preparation time for isolation of HeLa plasma membranes on beads was about 1.5 hrs. The uptake of cardiac glycosides by HeLa cells was investigated. HeLa cells were labelled with [3H]-glycoside, the non-specific binding washed off and the cells returned to normal growth medium. At various time intervals the amount of [3H]-glycoside bound to HeLa plasma membranes and HeLa cells was determined. The rate of loss of ouabain and digoxin from HeLa plasma membranes was found to be about 10%hr-1. The excretion rates of ouabain and digoxin from HeLa cells were 4%hr-1 and 10%hr-1 respectively. The nature of the uptake and excretion processes were investigated using specific inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytic processes. No inhibitor affected the rate of loss of cardiac glycoside from HeLa plasma membranes but monensin and chloroquine slowed the excretion rate of digoxin from HeLa cells. Modulation of sodium pump numbers by various chronic stress conditions - high serum concentration, low K medium and high K medium - were investigated. High concentrations of serum had no effect on the rate of loss ouabain from HeLa plasma membrane, but low K medium reduced the rate of loss of ouabain from membranes from 10%hr-1 to 4%hr-1. The low K medium also caused a x2 increase in sodium pump numbers in the plasma membrane. Increasing the serum concentration abolished the effects due to low K medium. High K medium also caused a reduction in the rate of loss of ouabain from plasma membranes from 10%hr-1 to 4%hr-1. The results obtained for low K medium were consistent with a model whereby sodium pumps in the plasma membrane are regulated by alteration of the sodium pump turnover rate (or internalisation rate).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:57:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 legramandi_vhp_me_arafcf.pdf: 633555 bytes, checksum: a27e1e6f47386d4cbc7ba5dd540f3a92 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Crassulaceae apresenta interesse para estudos pois atende às diversas abordagens de estudos de prospecção (etológica, quimiotaxonômica e etnodirigida). Pouco se estudou sobre a distinção das espécies de Kalanchoe que podem ser confundidas, contribuindo para o risco de intoxicações. A falta de opções terapêuticas para o tratamento de micoses, o surgimento de cepas resistentes aos medicamentos tradicionais e sua toxicidade indicam a necessidade do estudo de novas substâncias ativas, das quais as plantas historicamente são fornecedoras. Visou-se à caracterização anatômica, histoquímica, físico-química e fitoquímica preliminar de Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri e Kalanchoe pinnata para contribuir com sua identificação e avaliar a atividade antifúngica contra cepas ATCC de Candida (C. albicans 90028, C. parapsilosis 22019, C. krusei 6258, C. tropicalis 750 e C. glabrata 90030) e Cryptococcus neoformans 90012). O estudo anatômico revelou grande semelhança entre as plantas, que diferiram quanto à distribuição de compostos fenólicos na nervura central. O parênquima clorofiliano é homogêneo, com epiderme uniestratificada de células tabulares e tricomas glandulares claviformes, bisseriados na cabeça e no pedúnculo. No estudo histoquímico distingue-se K. gastonis-bonnieri de K. pinnata por esta apresentar antocianinas e a primeira apresentar esteroides, ambas apresentaram alcaloides, compostos fenólicos, taninos e terpenoides com grupo carbonila. Na triagem fitoquímica e técnicas cromatográficas, confirmaram-se os resultados da histoquímica e identificou-se glicosídeos cardiotônicos... / Crassulaceae is an interesting family to study because it meets the diverse approaches to prospection studies. There are few studies about differences between species of Kalanchoe so they could be confused, increasing the risk of intoxication. In addition, lack of options to treat diseases caused by yeasts and the appearance of species that no longer are susceptible to traditional drugs and toxicity of these drugs suggests that studies are necessary to find new active substances that can be found in plants. Aim of this study was anatomical, histochemical, physical-chemical and phytochemical characterization of Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri and Kalanchoe pinnata to contribute with their identification and to evaluate their activity against ATCC strains of Candida (Candida albicans 90028, Candida parapsilosis 22019, Candida krusei 6258, Candida tropicalis 750 and Candida glabrata 90030) and Cryptococcus neoformans 90012. Anatomical study showed great similarity between both Kalanchoe differing in the distribution of the phenolic compounds through the central nerve. Chlorophyllous parenchyma is homogeneous with uniseriate epidermis of tabular cells and glandular trychomas in a club shape and biseriated head and peduncle. K. gastonis-bonnieri showed steroids and K. pinnata antocianins in histochemical study, and both of them showed alcaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins and terpenoids with carbonyl groups. Phytochemical and chromatography studies confirmed the results of histochemistry... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Luis Vitor Silva do Sacramento / Banca: Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida / Banca: Adriana Lenita Meyer Albiero / Resumo: Crassulaceae apresenta interesse para estudos pois atende às diversas abordagens de estudos de prospecção (etológica, quimiotaxonômica e etnodirigida). Pouco se estudou sobre a distinção das espécies de Kalanchoe que podem ser confundidas, contribuindo para o risco de intoxicações. A falta de opções terapêuticas para o tratamento de micoses, o surgimento de cepas resistentes aos medicamentos tradicionais e sua toxicidade indicam a necessidade do estudo de novas substâncias ativas, das quais as plantas historicamente são fornecedoras. Visou-se à caracterização anatômica, histoquímica, físico-química e fitoquímica preliminar de Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri e Kalanchoe pinnata para contribuir com sua identificação e avaliar a atividade antifúngica contra cepas ATCC de Candida (C. albicans 90028, C. parapsilosis 22019, C. krusei 6258, C. tropicalis 750 e C. glabrata 90030) e Cryptococcus neoformans 90012). O estudo anatômico revelou grande semelhança entre as plantas, que diferiram quanto à distribuição de compostos fenólicos na nervura central. O parênquima clorofiliano é homogêneo, com epiderme uniestratificada de células tabulares e tricomas glandulares claviformes, bisseriados na cabeça e no pedúnculo. No estudo histoquímico distingue-se K. gastonis-bonnieri de K. pinnata por esta apresentar antocianinas e a primeira apresentar esteroides, ambas apresentaram alcaloides, compostos fenólicos, taninos e terpenoides com grupo carbonila. Na triagem fitoquímica e técnicas cromatográficas, confirmaram-se os resultados da histoquímica e identificou-se glicosídeos cardiotônicos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Crassulaceae is an interesting family to study because it meets the diverse approaches to prospection studies. There are few studies about differences between species of Kalanchoe so they could be confused, increasing the risk of intoxication. In addition, lack of options to treat diseases caused by yeasts and the appearance of species that no longer are susceptible to traditional drugs and toxicity of these drugs suggests that studies are necessary to find new active substances that can be found in plants. Aim of this study was anatomical, histochemical, physical-chemical and phytochemical characterization of Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri and Kalanchoe pinnata to contribute with their identification and to evaluate their activity against ATCC strains of Candida (Candida albicans 90028, Candida parapsilosis 22019, Candida krusei 6258, Candida tropicalis 750 and Candida glabrata 90030) and Cryptococcus neoformans 90012. Anatomical study showed great similarity between both Kalanchoe differing in the distribution of the phenolic compounds through the central nerve. Chlorophyllous parenchyma is homogeneous with uniseriate epidermis of tabular cells and glandular trychomas in a club shape and biseriated head and peduncle. K. gastonis-bonnieri showed steroids and K. pinnata antocianins in histochemical study, and both of them showed alcaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins and terpenoids with carbonyl groups. Phytochemical and chromatography studies confirmed the results of histochemistry... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Bibliography: pages 110-126. / This thesis describes methodology for the reconstitution of the chicken erythrocyte octamer from acid-denatured histones or the natural H3-H4 tetramer and H2A-H2B dimers. Oligomeric properties of reconstituted octamers were elucidated during column chromatographic and chemical cross-linking studies. The conformational identity of the natural and reconstituted octamers was demonstrated by the ability of all preparations to crystallise as helical octamer tubes. The application of the reconstitution methodology in addressing fundamental problems of chromatin research, was demonstrated during subsequent studies, namely (i) The reconstitution of hybrid histone octamers containing a structural variant of a specific histone. These studies were undertaken to study the effect on histone-histone interactions in hybrid octamers of which erythrocyte H2B was substituted for by sea urchin sperm H2B(l) or erythrocyte H3 and H4 were substituted for by dethiolated H3 and sea urchin sperm H4 respectively. (ii) The reconstitution of an octamer suitable for the sitespecific derivatisation of a specific histone, or covalently labelled with aurothiomalate in a specific histone complex. These studies were concluded to represent general labelling strategies which may be of use in crystallographic or physico-chemical studies of nucleosome structure.