This thesis analyses and defines the forms and ornament of the Welsh sculptured crosses and cross-slabs of the pre-Norman period and attempts to use the data thus assembled as historical evidence for the period in which they were made. The sculptural evidence confirms the historical evidence that there was very little artistic, exchange between Wales and England and virtually no direct contact between Wales and the continent c. 750-1100, but testifies to the existence of contacts between Wales and Ireland, Scotland (particularly Strathclyde) and the Isle of Man. Sixteen Welsh monuments are found to exhibit evidence of Scandinavian influence and these help to corroborate the literary place-name evidence for Scandinavian settlement on the coasts of Dyfed, South Glamorgan and Gwynedd in the pre-Norman period; the latter apparently associated with the trade route between the Scandinavian settlements of Dublin, the Isle of Man and Chester. The material reflects the existence of a settled society and economy in Wales in the early Medieval period in which craftsmen, some of whom were itinerant, others apparently associated with religious establishments, were patronised by kings and affluent laymen and churchmen whose wealth was in land. The distribution of the monuments demonstrates areas of contemporary settlement and the lines of communication between them and certain groups of monuments imply the existence of otherwise undocumented religious establishments. Although generally associated with religious sites, groups of monuments were not confined to the monastic aggregations but they were confined to the bounds of the known historic kingdoms. The Welsh sculptured crosses and cross-slabs were intimately associated with both the royal/aristocratic and ecclesiastical elements in society. Their production ceased when patronage was not continued by the new Norman landowners and churchmen.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the causes and effects of stone decay and soiling upon Scottish market crosses, and to develop a risk assessment model for this monument type. Risk assessment methods are otherwise used in spheres of business and industry. This research is unique in exploring the possibility of applying these techniques to the study and prediction of monument degradation. Additionally, the research is the first synthesised study of market crosses since 1928. A mapping methodology was developed in order to record the condition of a sample of Scottish market crosses. Visible evidence of the erosion, soiling and conservation of these monuments was collected and analysed in relation to various associated weathering factors. A risk assessment model was then developed for predicting the future condition of such monuments. Integrated with this, intervention criteria and conservation guidelines were also produced aimed at those charged with the care of market crosses. The model was applied to a case study to assess the risk of degradation of the tested monument. The method was found to work in practice, and could be used by practitioners in the future. The methodology for the research can be summarised as follows. Based upon the literature review, hypotheses were formulated regarding the effect of various weathering factors upon decay and soiling patterns. Data for all surviving market crosses in Scotland was co11ected from archives and publications. A pro-forma and relational database were designed to hold an of the gathered data. A sample of 27 crosses was selected for detailed analysis. An increased level of data was col1ected for the sampled crosses, and a programme of intensive fieldwork was undertaken at these. Evidence for a11 visible decay, soiling and conservation treatment was mapped onto a detailed elevation sketch of each facade of every sampled cross. The decay and soiling were also classified according to intensity level and surface extent, based upon evidence from visual observation. In addition to the drafted mappings, the visited monuments were subject to a photographic survey. The collected data were analysed by interrogating the database and by applying a variety of statistical tests. A number of significant relationships were indicated between the various decay/soiling types and weathering agents. It was found that the patterns of decay, and particularly soiling, were greatly influenced by the monument characteristics, primarily due to the degree to which the stone was exposed to moisture ingress. Environmental factors were also found to have some influence, particularly the nature of the ground surface and the land-use type. Surprising1y, the leve1 of nearby traffic was found to have little effect. Climatic factors were shown to be significant in relation to a few decay/soiling types. However, the contradictory nature of these trends suggested that the ranges within Scotland may be too limited to have much real effect upon the observed variations in decay/soiling. Previous intervention was found to have some significant effects, particularly in the case of chemical stone cleaning. Risk levels for each significant relationship were calculated from the rate of occurrence and the amount of stone degradation observed in the sample. The sample risk model was developed to produce a pro-forma designed for use by practitioners involved in managing Scottish market crosses. Practitioners could use the designed system to regularly record the condition of other crosses and assess the extent to which they are at risk from decay/soiling due to various weathering agents existing at each site. Intervention criteria were also produced in order to advise the practitioner on when and how to intervene to stall the current decay or to reduce the risks of future degradation of crosses in their care. Methods were also suggested for interpreting and promoting market crosses to the public.

L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre et d’analyser la patrimonialisation des monuments historiques en tant que processus social impliquant des acteurs institutionnels, collectifs et individuels. La patrimonialisation, comprise comme l’enchaînement par lequel certains biens acquièrent le statut de patrimoine, commence avec l’acquisition de la conscience patrimoniale, se manifeste ensuite dans la réglementation du domaine et finit par les actions concrètes de classification et de protection du patrimoine. Si la première étape se déploie dans la longue durée et est diffuse, les deux dernières étapes, que j’ai nommé la patrimonialisation officielle, font l’objet des actions précises des acteurs institutionnels, au niveau national et au niveau local. L’analyse de la législation en matière, l’étude des acteurs basée sur des entretiens et sur l’observation, menés dans la période 2006 – 2010, rendent visibles les représentations que les acteurs se font des monuments historiques et les logiques qui se trouvent à la base de leurs actions. La patrimonialisation en Roumanie sera appréhendée comme un processus imbriqué, effervescent et le monument historique – une notion en permanence négociée et redéfinie. / The objective of this research is to understand and analyze the patrimonialization of historical monuments as a social process involving institutional, collective and individual actors. As the sequence by which certain goods acquire the heritage status, the patrimonialization begins with the attainment of patrimonial consciousness, then arrives to regulation of the field and finalizes in the concrete actions of classification and protection of cultural heritage. If the first stage unfolds in the long term and is diffuse, the last two ones, covering the official patrimonialization, are the object of specific actions of institutional actors, both at national and local level. The analysis of the legislation, the study of actors based on interviews and observation, conducted in the period 2006 - 2010, display the representations the actors are making about the historical monuments and the logics founding their actions. The Romanian patrimonialization will be grasped as an intertwined and effervescent process and the historical monument – as a notion incessantly negotiated and redefined.

v anglickém jazyce The purpose of the thesis is a cultural heritage management of the small baroque sacral buildings, which has passed unnoticed for a longer period of time. As a model region is chosen the district Ceska Lipa. First, in this thesis is briefly summarized the history of district Ceska Lipa since the 18th century. Then the thesis describes various factors which have had an influence on the local monuments. Particularly the regional factors which are responsible for the heritage damage and also the conditions and institutions participating in the heritage preservation and documentation. Next, the overview of typology and terminology of a small sacral architecture is also covered. The major part of this thesis is a catalogue of explored monuments in different villages or small towns including the village/ town history and the art historic establishment of the monuments. This part is also focused on the documentation and comments of the current preservation of each building. The recommendation of preservation is proposed herein as a potential way of monument restoration. Finally, the research outcomes are discussed with regard to a possible management and future exploring.

Within a context of recent and rapid transformation in authorship and participation practices on the Internet, this thesis explores the implications of an emerging digital culture for heritage institutions, such as museums and archives. Combining insights from internet, education and museum theory it explores different experiences of participation and meaning making around digital heritage collections opened to public engagement and contribution. In particular, the investigation analyses and contrasts the online activities of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), partner in the research, with alternative approaches. The thesis applies ethnographic research methods to investigate embodied and virtual settings. Based on the empirical findings, it identifies different theoretical models of online engagement with heritage content. It then extrapolates from these models a conceptual framework that could be used by heritage institutions to analyse and re-assess their online practices, intellectual positioning and strategic ambitions in the context of the paradigm shift brought about by digitality.

This thesis called Options of fundig heritage conservation with the example of the city Polná is focused on the explanation of the system of heritage preservation in the Czech Republic and significance of the historical monuments and care for the cultural heritage. The most important part deals with the determination of the various options for financing monument preservation. The first chapter defines the basic concepts. This section includes the functions and competences of organizations and institutions in preservation and care for historical monuments, legislature and the obligations of owners of cultural monuments. The second chapter is focused on defining the various options for financing of preservation of monuments. These options include the grant programs of Ministry of culture, budgets of the municipal and regional authorities, the European Union and other sources. The third chapter explains the financial system of territorial autonomies. Covering general information about incomes, expenditures and making the regional and municipal budgets. Because of this these budgets are an important source of funding for heritage conservation. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the economic importance of heritage. The practical part of this thesis is focused on the city Polná. In this part we can find the main information about this city, the system of the heritage preservation in the region Vysočina and its organizations and institutions. The practical part includes also the list of the main historical and cultural monuments, which are located in the city Polná. The last part of the thesis (chapter seven) evaluates the using of grants and founding sources for financing care for the cultural heritage in the previous eight years. This chapter also includes recommendations for further options available for this problem in the future.

This master's thesis deals with marketing of the historical monument, specifically private castle Horní hrad. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to theoretical background as marketing, marketing mix of historical monuments and enterprise in the field of culture. The practical part deals with past and present of Horní hrad castle. Afterwards the thesis analyses the elements of marketing mix. Based on the information from this part of the thesis and information from marketing research among students of the University of Economics Prague, there are recomendations given for improvement of provided services. The aim of this master's thesis is to determine how private person can create the centre of history and culture for the general public.

The goal of the submitted thesis, "The Monument Protection and Buildings", is the presentation of current legislation on protection of cultural monuments, buildings specifically. After an introduction, containing the goals of the work, a brief history of conservation and resources, follow the chapter explaining the basis terms. The next part includes the question of the declaration of buildings as cultural monuments. The following chapter deals with the care of monuments, especially with the obligations of the owners of the cultural monuments to provide a proper care for these buildings, with the consequences of violation of those obligations and penalties according to the State Monument Act. At the end, the process of cancellation of declaration as a cultural monument is presented, and so is the removal of building. The last part describes the legislation on protection of buildings which are not cultural monuments, but they are situated in a protected area.

In terms of its contents, the Dissertation is focused on the mapping of vernacular architecture monuments in various areas of the South Bohemian Region. The introductory theoretical part begins with an overview of the historical development of rural buildings, materials used and structural elements of the buildings, and then it describes basic regional types of vernacular architecture in the territory of the Czech Republic. This is followed by a description of the methods of collection, processing, and evaluation of data necessary for the creation of the final, practical part of the Dissertation. This part maps all the most interesting buildings from the architectonic point of view which are situated in the area of six selected South Bohemian communities chosen in accordance with the field study performed earlier, namely in Kojákovice, Blansko, Dobrá, Borová Lada, Krašovice, Ounuz.

The aim of this thesis is project documentation of the revitalization of a farming estate for living purposes. The complex includes four buildings in the city of Vitín in Southern Bohemia. Originally built in the 17th century, this estate falls under the care of historical monuments. This thesis deals with rehabilitation of wet masonry and reconstructing three buildings of the estate. The original perimeter walls are mixed, a gabled roof. Building A and C are two floored, building B is one floor. Presently only building C is used for living, the others serve as storage. Part of the reconstruction includes an extension wind lobby, indoor parking for a personal automobile, and a conservatory. The new structures are designed from aerated concrete Ytong blocks, Liapor and sprayed insulation made of polyurethane foam.