L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre et d’analyser la patrimonialisation des monuments historiques en tant que processus social impliquant des acteurs institutionnels, collectifs et individuels. La patrimonialisation, comprise comme l’enchaînement par lequel certains biens acquièrent le statut de patrimoine, commence avec l’acquisition de la conscience patrimoniale, se manifeste ensuite dans la réglementation du domaine et finit par les actions concrètes de classification et de protection du patrimoine. Si la première étape se déploie dans la longue durée et est diffuse, les deux dernières étapes, que j’ai nommé la patrimonialisation officielle, font l’objet des actions précises des acteurs institutionnels, au niveau national et au niveau local. L’analyse de la législation en matière, l’étude des acteurs basée sur des entretiens et sur l’observation, menés dans la période 2006 – 2010, rendent visibles les représentations que les acteurs se font des monuments historiques et les logiques qui se trouvent à la base de leurs actions. La patrimonialisation en Roumanie sera appréhendée comme un processus imbriqué, effervescent et le monument historique – une notion en permanence négociée et redéfinie. / The objective of this research is to understand and analyze the patrimonialization of historical monuments as a social process involving institutional, collective and individual actors. As the sequence by which certain goods acquire the heritage status, the patrimonialization begins with the attainment of patrimonial consciousness, then arrives to regulation of the field and finalizes in the concrete actions of classification and protection of cultural heritage. If the first stage unfolds in the long term and is diffuse, the last two ones, covering the official patrimonialization, are the object of specific actions of institutional actors, both at national and local level. The analysis of the legislation, the study of actors based on interviews and observation, conducted in the period 2006 - 2010, display the representations the actors are making about the historical monuments and the logics founding their actions. The Romanian patrimonialization will be grasped as an intertwined and effervescent process and the historical monument – as a notion incessantly negotiated and redefined.

As reflexões em torno do Patrimônio Imaterial são decorrentes de uma mudança na compreensão dos conceitos de patrimônio e cultura. As narrativas patrimoniais, a partir de então, voltam-se à valorização da diversidade cultural, e a compreensão de cultura passa a ser entendido como o campo de elaboração de signos e sentidos por uma comunidade ou um grupo. Nesse contexto, a Salvaguarda dos bens de natureza imaterial, frequentemente, se dá por meio do processo de Musealização desses bens, sendo possível observar que, na América Latina, existem similitudes na maneira de se trabalhar a Musealização dos bens imateriais. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como o processo de Musealização é apropriado como estratégia de Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial, visando verificar as associações e divergências na articulação dos processos de Patrimonialização e Musealização dos bens de natureza imaterial. Para tanto, foram analisadas as experiências do Museu de Folclore Edison Carneiro, no Brasil, e do Museu Nacional de Culturas Populares, no México. O trabalho parte, ainda, de uma compreensão da Musealização enquanto cadeia de processos de caráter infocomunicacional; de uma compreensão de Cultura enquanto campo em que os sujeitos elaboram os signos e símbolos, bem como a significação das estruturas sociais. Compreendendo a ideia de Patrimônio Imaterial como conjunto de expressões, tradições e saberes, que estão na base das identidades das comunidades, e que são transmitidos de geração em geração, o presente trabalho se caracteriza enquanto pesquisa básica, uma vez que busca preencher uma lacuna no conhecimento, e se estrutura enquanto pesquisa bibliográfica. / The reflections related to the Intangible Heritage arise from a change in the comprehension of the concepts of heritage and culture. The heritage narratives turn to a cultural diversity\'s appreciation, and the culture\'s comprehension starts to be understood as a field of elaboration of signs and meanings by a community or a group. In this context, the Safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage often happens through a Musealization process, and it is possible to observe that in Latin America there are similarities in the way they usually tackle this issue. Therefore, this research intends to analyze how the Musealization process is appropriate as a strategy of the Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage, aiming to verify the associations and deviations in the processes of Patrimonialization and Musealization of intangible assets. Thus, we analyze the experiences of the Museum of Folklore Edison Carneiro, in Brazil, and the National Museum of Popular Cultures, in Mexico. Furthermore, this study sets out to an understanding of Musealization as a chain of infocommunicational processes, as well as a comprehension of Culture as a field in which the subjects elaborate not only the signs and symbols, but also the meaning of the social structures. We understand the Intangible Heritage as a set of expressions, traditions, and knowledge that are the foundation of the communities\' identities, and that are transmitted from generation to generation. This work is characterized as basic research since it aims to fulfill a gap knowledge and it structures itself as a bibliographical research.

Cette thèse rend compte de l’analyse d’un ouvrage publié en 1995 aux Editions Albin Michel par le Conseil national des arts culinaires : l’Inventaire du patrimoine culinaire de la France-Rhône-Alpes, produits du terroir et recettes traditionnelles – huitième tome d’une collection de 24 volumes – et de son impact au sein d’un territoire : la région Rhône-Alpes ainsi que des possibilités de son actualisation. La documentation est constituée, outre d’une bibliographie variée, de sources issues de fonds d’archives départementaux, de papiers privés et d’enquêtes orales. Le travail, réalisé sous contrat CIFRE, répond à une commande du Comité de promotion/R3AP, organisme inter consulaire. Elle est une étude globale sur l’ouvrage et les productions recensées. Elle saisit les tenants et les aboutissants de cet inventaire, rédige l’histoire de cet ouvrage pour en comprendre les enjeux passés tout en dressant un état des lieux pour le replacer dans le débat actuel sur le patrimoine alimentaire. Ce travail montre l’histoire d’une méthode qui a fait ses preuves : l’inventaire, appliqué à un domaine tout particulier : l’alimentation. L’ouvrage est étudié dans son contexte de rédaction – politique, économique et social – tout comme son aspect, sa place dans la collection et son contenu. On explique alors l’absence de retombées de ce dernier au sein du territoire inventorié à travers deux objectifs initiaux qui ont été plus ou moins atteints : un objectif culturel afin de faire connaître les produits et un objectif économique pour relancer des productions restées méconnues. Un état actuel des produits est réalisé, qui souligne la nécessaire mise à jour du livre : si les monuments du patrimoine alimentaire se maintiennent, si la patrimonialisation est active quelques produits ont disparus. L’Inventaire ainsi remis en lumière, constitue un formidable catalogue de produits dont il conviendrait de développer l’étude voire la valorisation. Avec cette thèse nous posons une nouvelle fois la question du patrimoine alimentaire et la façon dont il est nécessaire de le sauvegarder et de le préserver tout en refusant sa muséification. / This thesis deals with the study of a book published in 1995 by Albin Michel Editor and carried out by the Conseil national des arts culinaires : l’Inventaire du patrimoine culinaire de la France-Rhône-Alpes, produits du terroir et recettes traditionnelles – 8th book of a collection of 24th – and its impact on Rhone-Alpes territory and its possible updating. The documentation is based on an rich bibliography, on documents from departmental files, private documentation and oral inquiries.This work, achived thanks to a contract CIFRE, fulfills an order from the Comite de Promotion/R3AP, inter consular organism. It’s a global study of the book and the productions reviewed in it. It tries to analyse the stakes of this inventory and to tell the history of this book to understand past issues while assessing the situation and putting it in context in the current debate about food patrimonialization.This work enlightens the story of a solid method: the inventory, applied to a specific theme : food. The book is analyzed in its context– political, economical and social – and we study its aspect, its place inside the collection and its content. We explain the lack of influence inside the territory it deals with through two initial objectives which have been met more or less : first, a cultural goal in order to make products known and also an economical objective to boost still unknown products. A current state of products has been made, which underlines the need to update the book : even if the food heritage monuments are still alive, even if the patrimonialization is active, some products have disappeared. This Inventaire, as it has been highlighted, is a precious catalog of products that would require much more study and development. With this thesis, once more we tackle the question of food heritage and we ask ourselves what we need to save and preserve it while refusing to make it become a museum.

Submitted by Antonio Passos (antonio.passos@ufba.br) on 2015-02-23T19:51:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MARCOS FINAL Dezembro a tarde.pdf: 11955505 bytes, checksum: 5617f7e01e862b9c0c1dc40fb09c79d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-04T19:05:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MARCOS FINAL Dezembro a tarde.pdf: 11955505 bytes, checksum: 5617f7e01e862b9c0c1dc40fb09c79d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T19:05:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MARCOS FINAL Dezembro a tarde.pdf: 11955505 bytes, checksum: 5617f7e01e862b9c0c1dc40fb09c79d6 (MD5) / No ano de 2010 a Associação Viva Saveiro, estabelecida em Salvador - Bahia, ingressou junto ao Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional-IPHAN com a solicitação de tombamento do Saveiro de Vela de Içar Sombra da Lua. Esta demanda tinha como principais argumentos a importância histórica e a originalidade estrutural deste tipo de embarcação. Este processo foi associado ao Projeto Barcos do Brasil do Ministério da Cultura, sendo sua tramitação finalizada em junho de 2012, com o registro daquele saveiro nos Livros do Tombo Histórico, das Belas Artes e Arqueológico, Etnográfico e Paisagístico. Esta dissertação resulta da análise antropológica deste ato de patrimonialização de um bem cultural. Para desenvolver a investigação que nos permitiu adquirir conhecimento sobre este fato, foram realizadas buscas sistemáticas e interpretações de textos e de imagens do período que se estende dos séculos XVI ao XXI, análise de variados discursos produzidos sobre as circunstâncias em que se deu o registro desta embarcação como bem cultural, particularmente dos componente e representantes das instituições que promoveram o tombamento e da Associação dos Saveiros de Vela de Içar da Bahia, criada em 2013.the year of 2010 the Viva Saveiro Association, established in Salvador - Bahia, requested to the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional-IPHAN to start legal procedures for legal recognition and protection of the Saveiro de Vela de Içar Sombra da Lua. This demand was based on the mains arguments of the historical importance and structural originality of this type of sail boat. This process was associated to the Projeto Barcos do Brasil of the Ministry of Culture, and its evaluation was completed in June 2012,and the saveiro was registered onto the official Books of Tombo Histórico, das Belas Artes e Arqueológico, Etnográfico e Paisagístico. This dissertation results of the anthropological analysis of this act patrimonialization of this piece of cultural heritage. The research in which we base the main findings of this master thesis has been based on the interpretation of texts and images from the period extending from the XVIth. To the XXIst. centuries, and the analysis of the various discourses about the patrimonialization of this vessel, particularly those of the members and officers of the Institutions which have promoted the patrimonialization of this vessel, and that of the Associação dos Saveiros de Vela de Içar da Bahia, founded in 2013.

Submitted by Márcio Maia (marciokjmaia@gmail.com) on 2016-08-19T22:00:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5776294 bytes, checksum: a55155b1ec2c63b6d9827b9d1c6800e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T22:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5776294 bytes, checksum: a55155b1ec2c63b6d9827b9d1c6800e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / This work seeks to establish an overview of heritage processes in Brazilian religious field, having as object the dynamic of heritage of the Santo Daime, through bibliographical and documentary research, and experiences in the field. For this, let‟s observe the relationship between culture, religion and heritage. We discuss the historical processes of patrimonialization in Brazilian religious field, starting the path by the Catholic Church and their built heritage listed as a historic place. Let‟s examine the Evangelic practice on the patrimonial field. And the landmark of the first Candomblé listed as a historic place and the relationship of african-Brazilian religions with intangible heritage. We finish this route with new religious movements and the ayahuasca religions. And watching the balance processes the Holy Daime'll analyze your asset dynamics, considering overturning, musealization and the collective application for registration of the ritual use of ayahuasca as a Brazilian intangible heritage, held in 2008. The understanding of religion as a cultural system of Clifford Geertz, field and habitus of Pierre Bourdieu, and a reflection on the secular nature of the State, contribute to the examination of the patrimony that we propose to analyze, realizing the sphere of heritage as a tool used in the disputes of the Brazilian religious field. / Este trabalho busca estabelecer um panorama dos processos de patrimonialização no campo religioso brasileiro, tendo como objeto as dinâmicas patrimoniais do Santo Daime, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e vivência no campo. Para isso, observaremos a relação entre cultura, religião e patrimônio. Discutiremos os processos históricos de patrimonialização no campo religioso brasileiro, iniciando o trajeto pela Igreja Católica e o tombamento do seu patrimônio edificado. Examinaremos a prática evangélica acerca da patrimonialização. E o marco do primeiro tombamento de um terreiro de candomblé e a relação das religiões afro-brasileiras com o patrimônio imaterial. Finalizaremos este percurso com os novos movimentos religiosos e as religiões ayahuasqueiras. E observando os processos patrimoniais do Santo Daime vamos analisar suas dinâmicas patrimoniais, considerando tombamentos, musealização e o pedido coletivo de registro do uso ritual da ayahuasca como patrimônio imaterial brasileiro, realizado em 2008. A compreensão da religião enquanto sistema cultural de Clifford Geertz, campo e habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, e uma reflexão sobre a laicidade do Estado, contribuirão para o exame da patrimonialização que propomos analisar, percebendo a esfera do patrimônio como ferramenta utilizada nas disputas do campo religioso brasileiro.

nÃo hà / A presente pesquisa investiga a patrimonializaÃÃo das memÃrias a partir dos acontecimentos oriundos do Campo de ConcentraÃÃo do Patu, havido em Senador Pompeu, no SertÃo Central cearense, durante a seca de 1932. Deste contexto, particularmente da apropriaÃÃo da devoÃÃo Ãs Santas Almas da Barragem e do complexo dos casarÃes ali remanescentes, surgem trÃs projetos distintos que irÃo encampar lutas pela afirmaÃÃo de uma memÃria hegemÃnica, tramada sob o discurso religioso, patrimonial e turÃstico, tendo a frente, respectivamente, a Igreja CatÃlica, os agentes culturais da sociedade civil e os representantes do Estado. TraÃo comum desses projetos, a exclusÃo dos devotos e da devoÃÃo Ãs Santas Almas, revela a face seletiva da constituiÃÃo do patrimÃnio cultural, que tanto revela como pode ocultar os objetos da patrimonializaÃÃo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de fontes escritas, imagÃticas e orais, buscando contribuir para ampliaÃÃo e qualificaÃÃo da produÃÃo historiogrÃfica no campo do PatrimÃnio Cultural no CearÃ, apontando para questÃes como o entrelaÃamento entre o turismo e as prÃticas patrimoniais e a necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos histÃricos sobre a patrimonializaÃÃo dos bens imateriais.

Esta dissertação trata a relação entre patrimonialização da natureza, turismo e produção do espaço regional, tal como anunciado no título. Para tanto, toma o Complexo de Áreas Protegidas do Pantanal, tornado Patrimônio Natural da Humanidade pela Organização para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura das Nações Unidas (Unesco), no ano de 2000, como um estudo de caso, incluindo, estrategicamente, o seu entorno. Em 1972, a Unesco afirmou que seriam considerados patrimônios naturais áreas que atendessem a três critérios fundamentais: o valor estético, o valor ecológico e o valor científico. Esse conceito associado à monumentalidade foi analisado criticamente por diversos autores, como Scifoni, Ribeiro, Zanirato, Paes, Canclini Morel, Choay, entre outros. Esses autores analisaram as tendências a práticas conservacionistas e monumentalistas relacionadas a Patrimônios Naturais, principalmente da Humanidade, as quais, muitas vezes, acabam sendo direcionadas à prática do turismo. A partir de uma abordagem geográfica, entendemos que o turismo é a única prática social que consome essencialmente espaço e, portanto, produz espaço. Sendo os espaços naturais convertidos em objetos de consumo, uma vez tornados patrimônios naturais, assentam-se as possibilidades de que sejam impostas a tais espaços novas lógicas à sua produção. A temática da patrimonialização figura como um assunto ainda pouco analisado sob a ótica da Geografia. A complexidade anunciada pelas dificuldades que o tema pressupõe é colocada na compreensão da contradição entre patrimonialização da natureza, intocabilidade e, ao mesmo tempo, desenvolvimento de uma prática social que consome e produz espaço, que é o turismo. / This dissertation deals with the relationship between patrimonialization of the nature, tourism and production of the Pantanal regional space, as announced in the title. To this end, takes the Pantanal Conservation Complex, which became World Natural Heritage by the Organization for Education, Science and Culture of the United Nations (Unesco), in the year 2000, as a case study, including, strategically, its surroundings. In 1972, Unesco affirmed that it would be considered natural heritage areas that attended to three criteria: their esthetical value, their ecological value and their scientific value. The concept of natural heritage, with the idea of monumentality, was critically analyzed by many authors, as Scifoni, Ribeiro, Zanirato, Paes, Canclini, Morel, Choay, among others. These authors analyzed the tendencies to conservation and monumentalities practices related to natural heritages, especially world heritages, which often result in the appointment of protected areas for tourism practice. Therefore, from a geographical approach, we understand that tourism is the only social practice that consumes essentially space at the same time in which, along with other activities and social practices, produces space. Being natural spaces converted into objects of consumption, once turned natural heritages, possibilities are established to be imposed on such spaces new logics to their production. The theme of patrimonialization figures as an issue still little analyzed from the perspective of the Geography. The complexity announced by the difficulties that the theme presupposed is put on the understanding of the contradiction between the patrimonialization of the nature, untouchability and, at the same time, the development of a social practice that consumes and produces space, which is the tourism.

Qu’est-ce qu’un paysage patrimonial ? C’est un nouveau regard porté par des acteurs sur un paysage qui, selon la définition de Lévy et Lussault (2003) « est censé mériter d’être transmis du passé, pour trouver une valeur dans le présent ». C’est « un ensemble d’attributs, de représentations et de pratiques fixés sur un objet non contemporain […] dont est décrété collectivement l’importance présente, intrinsèque (ce en quoi cet objet est représentatif d’une histoire des objets de société) et extrinsèque (ce en quoi cet objet recèle des valeurs supports d’une mémoire collective), qui exige qu’on le conserve et le transmette ». Afin de définir les propriétés patrimoniales du paysage, ces personnes s’organisent en groupes et tentent de communiquer entre eux. Chacun construit une représentation du paysage autour d’attributs spécifiques qui présentent un intérêt pour le groupe. Toutes ces représentations sont différentes et pourtant elles concernent bien un seul et unique paysage. Lorsqu’il s’agit de réaliser une action qui aura un effet sur cet espace commun, les acteurs se mettent à interagir au sein d’un « réseau collectif ». L’action peut alors faire l’objet de négociations, de tensions, de conflits, d’un accord ou d’un abandon en fonction de la position de chacun. Toutefois, que l’action ait été portée jusqu’à son aboutissement ou bien qu’elle ait été abandonnée, les acteurs ont échangé leurs regards au sujet du paysage pendant toute la phase d’interaction. Donc, au fur et à mesure des actions réalisées sur l’espace, les acteurs construisent un regard commun du paysage que l’on qualifie de « représentation collective ».Contrairement à un objet matériel, le paysage est difficilement quantifiable. L’acquisition pour ce dernier d’une valeur patrimoniale demande donc un processus complexe qualifié de « processus de patrimonialisation ». Ce processus n’a rien d’anodin pour les acteurs présents, il perturbe la représentation collective qui avait été créé au fur et à mesure de leurs échanges. Dans ce désordre social, les acteurs vont lutter pour faire valoir leur représentation du paysage, créant ainsi une nouvelle représentation collective. Dans ce contexte, notre thèse pose la problématique suivante : En se situant à l’échelle d’un territoire qui subit une transformation du regard vers un contexte patrimonial, dans quelle mesure les acteurs agricoles et non-agricoles se coordonnent et construisent une nouvelle représentation collective axée sur le maintien de l’élevage, l’utilisation de l’espace et la gestion du paysage ?Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons mobilisé les réseaux d’acteurs agricoles et non agricoles existant sur deux sites dans le Massif central (les Causses et les Cévennes et la Chaîne des Puys – faille de Limagne) qui sont inscrits ou en recherche d’inscription au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO. Après une rapide description des deux sites, nous avons expliqué notre positionnement en ce qui concerne l’aspect collectif plutôt qu’individuel dans la construction d’une représentation du paysage et autour de l’organisation et de la gestion de ce dernier. Nous avons ensuite construit une méthodologie qui s’inspire de cet apport théorique. Grâce à elle, nous avons su mener une centaine d’enquêtes qui nous ont permis d’identifier et d’analyser sur les sites les deux réseaux dans lesquels les acteurs collectifs s’organisent pour intégrer ce nouvel enjeu patrimonial dans leur représentation du paysage. Cette organisation en réseau se concrétise autour d’une série d’actions destinées en outre à la gestion du patrimoine, mais aussi au soutien de l’élevage et à la valorisation de la production agricole. Ainsi, nous constatons que le processus de patrimonialisation contribue indirectement, en influençant la représentation collective de l’espace agricole, à l’évolution des pratiques agricoles qui sont elles-mêmes responsables de la construction de l’espace. / What is a landscape heritage? It is a new look by actors on a landscape wichi, according to Levy & Lussault (2003) “is supposed to deserve a transfer from past to find a value in present”. It is “a collection of attributes, representations, practices fixed on a non-contemporary object […] whose present importance is declared collectively, intrinsic (how this objet is representative of history of society’s objects) and extrinsic (how this object contains the values of a collective memory), which requires its conservation and its transmission.In order to define the heritage properties of landscape, people organize themselves into groups and try to communicate with each other’s. Each constructs a representation of the landscape around specific attributes that are of interest to the group. All these representations are different and yet they concern a single landscape. When it comes to carrying out an action that will have an effect on this common space, the groups interact with each other within a “collective network”. The action may be the subject of negotiations, tensions, conflicts, agreement or abandonment depending on the position of each person. However, whether the action was carried out or abandoned, the actors have exchanged their views on the landscape throughout the collective network. Therefore, as actions are progressively carried out on patrimonial landscape, groups of people construct a common view of this landscape: it is the “collective representation of the landscape”.Unlike a material object, the landscape is difficult to quantify. The acquisition for the latter of a heritage value therefore requires a complex process called “patrimonialization process”. For the groups of people present in the landscape, this process is not insignificant. It disrupts the collective representation of the landscape that has been built in the collective network. In the resulting social disorder, the groups will struggle to assert their representation of the landscape in a new collective representation. In this context, our thesis poses the following problem: Considering a territory undergoing a transformation of the look towards a heritage context, to what extent do agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders build a new collective representation focused on keeping livestock, use of space and landscape management?To address this problem, we have mobilized the networks of agricultural and non-agricultural actors existing at two sites in the Massif Central that are registered or in search of inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage (“Les Causses et les Cévennes” and “La Chaîne des Puys - faille de Limagne”). After a brief description of the two sites, we have explained our positioning as regards the collective rather than the individual aspect in the construction of a representation of the landscape and around the organization and management of the landscape. We have then constructed a methodology that is inspired by this theoretical contribution. Thanks to it, we managed to conduct a hundred interviews which enabled us to identify and analyze on the sites the two networks in which the collective actors are organizing to integrate this new heritage stake in their representation of the landscape. This network organization materializes around a series of actions aimed to the management of the heritage, as well as support for livestock rising and the enhancement of agricultural production. Thus, we note that the process of patrimonialization contributes indirectly, by influencing the collective representation of agricultural space, to the evolution of agricultural practices which are themselves responsible for the construction of space

Cette recherche aborde la question du rôle de médiateurs que nous attribuons aux choses dans notre dialogue avec le passé. Elle vise à retracer, en fonction des idéologies propres à chaque époque, l’évolution du statut des objets “repris” à la mer par les habitants des côtes. Si les images sous-Marines font partie de notre quotidien, il n’y a pas si longtemps, l’océan était un domaine insondable, auquel on ne se mesurait pas sans crainte. De ce fait, la récupération de la “laisse de mer”, qui paraît pourtant être une composante essentielle des échanges entre les hommes et le milieu océanique, génère un certain malaise car elle relève d’une “économie de la prise” étrangère à l’idéal qui structure l’univers domestique. Le trouble est encore renforcé par une « culture macabre » prégnante dans la région (que les naufrages contribuent à alimenter). Mais le rapport tend pourtant maintenant à s'inverser et ce serait l’homme qui représenterait une menace pour l’océan. La création d’une Aire marine protégée participe d’un système global d’organisation des rapports à l’espace et au temps, dans lequel la patrimonialisation des épaves s’insère parfaitement. L’enquête révèle que l’inscription de la mémoire dans l’espace public se répercute dans la sphère privée, via la mise en scène de leur mémoire personnelle par les individus. À mi chemin entre “trophées” et “reliques”, les souvenirs collectés en plongée reflètent l’influence de mécanismes d’identification au groupe, aux lieux, à leur histoire, plus ou moins conscients. Sans nier l’ambiguïté de ces formes multiples d’intervention sur le passé, la recherche entend insister sur les ressorts affectifs des comportements observés. / This research investigates the tendency we have to use things as mediators in our dealing with the past. It aims at drawing the evolution of the status of the things taken back from the sea by inhabitants of coastal areas. Underwater pictures may have become part of our daily life, but not long ago the ocean was still considered as the realm of the unknown, a reality that people didn’t challenge fearlessly. To pick up what stand as foreshore, which seemed nevertheless to play a fundamental part in the interactions between human societies and the ocean, induces a certain unease, for this practise depends on an “economy of salvage” which is at odds with domestic life. This trouble is strenghten by a “culture macabre” which pervades the atmosphere in traditional Brittany (partly fostered by castaways). Still, nowadays the balance seems to be likely to reverse, and it is man who appears as being a threat hanging over the Ocean. The creation of a rotected Marine Area in western Finistere is part of a global system aimed at managing time and space, including patrimonialization of shipwrecks. The inquiry shows that the engraving of memory in public areas echoes with the exhibition of individual memory in privacy. Between “trophies” and “relics”, the souvenirs salvaged by divers reveal the strenght of mechanisms of identification to the group, to places and to their history. These mechanisms are not always conscious. We shall not deny the ambiguity of such process of reinventing the past but this study intends to highlight the emotional affects observed on the ground.

Esta dissertação trata a relação entre patrimonialização da natureza, turismo e produção do espaço regional, tal como anunciado no título. Para tanto, toma o Complexo de Áreas Protegidas do Pantanal, tornado Patrimônio Natural da Humanidade pela Organização para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura das Nações Unidas (Unesco), no ano de 2000, como um estudo de caso, incluindo, estrategicamente, o seu entorno. Em 1972, a Unesco afirmou que seriam considerados patrimônios naturais áreas que atendessem a três critérios fundamentais: o valor estético, o valor ecológico e o valor científico. Esse conceito associado à monumentalidade foi analisado criticamente por diversos autores, como Scifoni, Ribeiro, Zanirato, Paes, Canclini Morel, Choay, entre outros. Esses autores analisaram as tendências a práticas conservacionistas e monumentalistas relacionadas a Patrimônios Naturais, principalmente da Humanidade, as quais, muitas vezes, acabam sendo direcionadas à prática do turismo. A partir de uma abordagem geográfica, entendemos que o turismo é a única prática social que consome essencialmente espaço e, portanto, produz espaço. Sendo os espaços naturais convertidos em objetos de consumo, uma vez tornados patrimônios naturais, assentam-se as possibilidades de que sejam impostas a tais espaços novas lógicas à sua produção. A temática da patrimonialização figura como um assunto ainda pouco analisado sob a ótica da Geografia. A complexidade anunciada pelas dificuldades que o tema pressupõe é colocada na compreensão da contradição entre patrimonialização da natureza, intocabilidade e, ao mesmo tempo, desenvolvimento de uma prática social que consome e produz espaço, que é o turismo. / This dissertation deals with the relationship between patrimonialization of the nature, tourism and production of the Pantanal regional space, as announced in the title. To this end, takes the Pantanal Conservation Complex, which became World Natural Heritage by the Organization for Education, Science and Culture of the United Nations (Unesco), in the year 2000, as a case study, including, strategically, its surroundings. In 1972, Unesco affirmed that it would be considered natural heritage areas that attended to three criteria: their esthetical value, their ecological value and their scientific value. The concept of natural heritage, with the idea of monumentality, was critically analyzed by many authors, as Scifoni, Ribeiro, Zanirato, Paes, Canclini, Morel, Choay, among others. These authors analyzed the tendencies to conservation and monumentalities practices related to natural heritages, especially world heritages, which often result in the appointment of protected areas for tourism practice. Therefore, from a geographical approach, we understand that tourism is the only social practice that consumes essentially space at the same time in which, along with other activities and social practices, produces space. Being natural spaces converted into objects of consumption, once turned natural heritages, possibilities are established to be imposed on such spaces new logics to their production. The theme of patrimonialization figures as an issue still little analyzed from the perspective of the Geography. The complexity announced by the difficulties that the theme presupposed is put on the understanding of the contradiction between the patrimonialization of the nature, untouchability and, at the same time, the development of a social practice that consumes and produces space, which is the tourism.