Memoria or the medieval remembrance of the dead is integral to our understanding of medieval society. However, memoria was not just a liturgical practice intended to lessen purgatorial suffering, but a ‘total social phenomenon’ that impacted every aspect of life. This thesis follows in the tradition of the German Memoriaforschung school, especially the concepts formulated by Otto Gerhard Oexle. These concepts are here particularly applied to memoria as a group phenomenon. A particular contention of this thesis is that memoria was socially constitutive and thus not only a vehicle to remember the past but a means to create and maintain social groups. Therefore this thesis takes the form of series of case studies drawn from late medieval Livonia (present day Latvia and Estonia) c. 1400-1525. The groups chosen –associations of the urban elites, non-elite brotherhoods, the clergy and the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order – reflect both the strength of the surviving source material and the particular characteristics of the region. Each case study is considered through a series of research questions. How did memoria constitute and shape social relationships? How did memoria create and sustain groups? In what ways was memoria used for political purposes? How did groups use their past to maintain their identities in the present? What role did charity and the poor play? In addition to exploring the above themes, this thesis particularly argues that memoria was used to legitimize power by urban governments and by the Teutonic Order and the archbishops of Riga. This thesis also shows that memoria created the cultural memory of the Teutonic Order and the Rigan church. Memoria sustained the identities of urban elite groups and was essential to creating relationships between the urban elites and non-elite groups.

Cette thèse de doctorat offre deux aspects de la recherche en épigraphie médiévale, à savoir la réalisation d'un corpus des inscriptions médiévales conservées et/ou concernant les diocèses d'Arras, de Cambrai, de Liège, de Thérouanne et de Tournai, et l'étude de ces inscriptions dans une perspective historique. Pour cela, les épigraphes ont été classées en quatre groupes: les inscriptions sur les objets archéologiques mérovingiens, les inscriptions funéraires (épitaphes, endotaphes et authentiques de reliques), les inscriptions relatives à l'histoire des bâtiments religieux et les inscriptions sur les objets liturgiques. Pour chaque catégorie, les formulaires des textes ont été analysés pour eux-mêmes, puis les uns par rapport aux autres. Ils ont ensuite été étudiés en tenant compte du contexte d'insertion (emplacement dans les édifices de culte, rapport avec d'autres textes ou avec des images, etc.). Le but de cette démarche est de déterminer la fonction des inscriptions médiévales et d'enrichir notre connaissance de l'histoire de la mort et de la liturgie au Moyen Age.

Submitted by Clara Bráz dos Santos null (clara.huf@gmail.com) on 2016-10-03T18:03:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SANTOS, Clara Braz dos. Dissertação de mestrado CORRIGIDA (UNESP 2016).pdf: 1393830 bytes, checksum: 796e2aa30df03fb538b561a8830d5ef9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-05T13:33:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cb_me_fran.pdf: 1393830 bytes, checksum: 796e2aa30df03fb538b561a8830d5ef9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T13:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cb_me_fran.pdf: 1393830 bytes, checksum: 796e2aa30df03fb538b561a8830d5ef9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / No Brasil, durante os séculos XVII e XVIII, pregadores e moralistas difundiram entre os colonos, por meio de sermões, livros de devoção, elogios e sonetos fúnebres, a ideia de que deveriam lembrar cotidianamente da morte, caso almejassem viver e morrer de acordo com os ditames da religião católica. A preocupação com os possíveis destinos das almas no além-túmulo – purgatório, inferno ou paraíso – foi fundamental para que esses letrados propagassem entre os colonos valores morais sobre a morte, pois a salvação ou condenação de suas almas por Deus estavam diretamente relacionadas aos cuidados que dedicaram à morte ainda durante a vida. Saber bem morrer era pré-condição para os fiéis pleitearem o reino dos céus, e, segundo os pregadores e moralistas, a boa morte só seria conquistada por meio de uma vida dedicada à fé e à contemplação da morte. Todavia, outra questão mereceu a atenção desses homens do Seiscentos e do Setecentos: os pecados praticados pelos colonos. Segundo esses letrados, depois dos lucros com a produção da cana-de-açúcar, a extração do ouro e pedras preciosas das minas, os colonos teriam se tornado vaidosos, cobiçosos, soberbos, interessados apenas nos bens mundanos, esquecidos das obrigações religiosas e das contas que deveriam prestar no juízo final. Mostrou-se imperioso, então, a esses religiosos, conduzir os homens e mulheres da colônia para o caminho da vida devota, a única concebida como digna de um verdadeiro católico, e que poderia ser garantida mediante um exercício que tinha o propósito de ensiná-los a desapegarem-se dos bens supérfluos, reconhecerem suas condições mortais e os perigos de viverem e morrerem em pecado. Desse modo, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é entender como se configurava o exercício moral de memória da morte e como tal exercício deveria permitir aos colonos se tornarem católicos devotos. / In Brazil, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, preachers and moralists spread among the settlers, through sermons, books of devotion, praise and funeral sonnets, the assertion that they should remember the death daily if they wondered live and die according to the dictates of the Catholic religion. The worry about the possible destinations of souls in the afterlife – purgatory, hell or heaven – was key to these scholars propagate among the settlers moral values about death, for salvation or damnation of their souls by God were directly related to care they dedicated to death even during life. Knowing well die was pre-condition for the faithful plead the kingdom of heaven, and according to the preachers and moralists, the good death would only be achieved through a life devoted to faith and contemplation of death. However, another issue attracted the attention of these men of the Six hundred and Seven hundred: the sins committed by settlers. According to these scholars, after the profits with the production of sugarcane, the extraction of gold and precious stones from the mines, the settlers would have become conceited, greedy, proud, interested only in worldly goods, forgotten religious obligations and accounts that they should provide in the final judgment. It was essential, therefore, to these religious, lead these men and women the way of pious life, the only conceived as worthy of a true Catholic, and it could be ensured by an exercise that was meant to teach them to detach, of the surplus goods, recognize their deadly conditions and the dangers to live and die in sin. Thus, the objective of this research is to understand how was configured the moral exercise of the death memory and how such exercise should allow settlers become devout Catholics. / CNPq: 133302/2014-8

The aim of this paper is to explain both the past and present of punishment in society. Inspect and map views of the public, but also the police and prison services, and how their view on the death penalty and amnesty, which people have recently become more inflection. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Cette thèse de doctorat offre deux aspects de la recherche en épigraphie médiévale, à savoir la réalisation d'un corpus des inscriptions médiévales conservées et/ou concernant les diocèses d'Arras, de Cambrai, de Liège, de Thérouanne et de Tournai, et l'étude de ces inscriptions dans une perspective historique. Pour cela, les épigraphes ont été classées en quatre groupes: les inscriptions sur les objets archéologiques mérovingiens, les inscriptions funéraires (épitaphes, endotaphes et authentiques de reliques), les inscriptions relatives à l'histoire des bâtiments religieux et les inscriptions sur les objets liturgiques. Pour chaque catégorie, les formulaires des textes ont été analysés pour eux-mêmes, puis les uns par rapport aux autres. Ils ont ensuite été étudiés en tenant compte du contexte d'insertion (emplacement dans les édifices de culte, rapport avec d'autres textes ou avec des images, etc.). Le but de cette démarche est de déterminer la fonction des inscriptions médiévales et d'enrichir notre connaissance de l'histoire de la mort et de la liturgie au Moyen Age. / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished