Count Geoffrey V of Anjou (1129-51) features in Anglo-French historiography as a peripheral figure in the Anglo-Norman succession crisis which followed the death of his father-in-law, Henry I of England and Normandy (1100-35). The few studies which examine him directly do so primarily in this context, dealing briefly with his conquest and short reign as duke of Normandy (1144-50), with reference to a limited range of evidence, primarily Anglo-Norman chronicles. There has never been a comprehensive analysis of Geoffrey’s comital reign, nor a narrative of his entire career, despite an awareness of his importance as a powerful territorial prince and important political player. This thesis establishes a complete narrative framework for Geoffrey’s life and career, and examines the key aspects of his comital and ducal reigns. It compiles and employs a body of 180 acta relating to his Angevin and Norman administrations to do so, alongside narrative evidence from Greater Anjou, Normandy, England and elsewhere. It argues that rule of Greater Anjou prior to 1150 had more in common with neighbouring principalities such as Brittany, whose rulers had emerged in the tenth and eleventh centuries as primus inter pares, than with Normandy, where ducal powers over the native aristocracy were more wide-ranging, or royal government in England. It explores the count’s territories, the personnel of government, the dispensation of justice, revenue collection, the comital army, and Geoffrey’s ability to carry out ‘traditional’ princely duties such as religious patronage in the context of Angevin elite landed society’s virtual autonomy and tendency to rebel in the first half of the twelfth century. The character of Geoffrey’s power and authority was fundamentally shaped by the region’s tenurial and seigneurial history, and could only be conducted within that framework. This study also addresses Geoffrey’s activities as first conqueror then ruler of Normandy. The process by which the duchy was conquered is shown to be more intricate than the chroniclers’ accounts of Angevin siege warfare suggest, and the ducal reign more complex than merely a regency until Geoffrey’s son, the future Henry II (1150-89), came of age. Through use of a much wider body of evidence than previously considered in connection with Geoffrey’s career, and a charter-based methodology, this thesis provides a new and appropriate treatment of an important non-royal ruler. It situates Geoffrey in his proper context and provides an account of not only how he was presented by commentators who were sometimes geographically and temporally remote, but by his own administration and those over whom he ruled. It provides an in-depth analysis of the explicit and implicit characteristics of princely rulership, and how they were won, maintained and exploited in two different contexts.

A discussão sobre a custódia, que polarizou a comunidade arquivística a respeito de como seria realizada a preservação dos documentos arquivísticos digitais, suscitou diversos questionamentos sobre os fundamentos da Arquivologia e do papel das instituições arquivísticas para desempenharem suas funções de guarda, preservação e acesso. Os arquivos historicamente foram concebidos como lugar de conservação de documentos autênticos e vinculados à administração. Essa ligação foi rompida no século XIX, quando os arquivos se tornaram históricos, voltados para a preservação das fontes do passado. A discussão sobre a preservação digital está possibilitando que os teóricos contemporâneos reflitam sobre os arquivos do ponto de vista do produtor, pois a preservação de materiais digitais é contínua e começa no momento da criação dos documentos. Esta religação com a administração significa a possibilidade de os arquivos se tornarem instituições do presente estreitamente ligadas ao exercício da cidadania. / The discussion about custody that polarized the archival community regarding how to implement the preservation of digital records raised diverse issues related to Archival Science fundamentals and about how archival institutions would develop their functions of guardianship, preservation and access. Archival repositories were historically conceived as places to preserve authentic records and were connected to the administration. This bond was broken in the XIX century, when archives became primarily historical, with the focus on preserving sources of the past. The discussion on digital preservation is offering an opportunity to contemporaneous scholars to think about archives from the point of view of the creator, because the preservation of digital materials is continuous and starts at the moment of record creation. This reconnection with the administration means that it is possible for archives to become institutions of the present closely committed to the exercise of citizenship.

A discussão sobre a custódia, que polarizou a comunidade arquivística a respeito de como seria realizada a preservação dos documentos arquivísticos digitais, suscitou diversos questionamentos sobre os fundamentos da Arquivologia e do papel das instituições arquivísticas para desempenharem suas funções de guarda, preservação e acesso. Os arquivos historicamente foram concebidos como lugar de conservação de documentos autênticos e vinculados à administração. Essa ligação foi rompida no século XIX, quando os arquivos se tornaram históricos, voltados para a preservação das fontes do passado. A discussão sobre a preservação digital está possibilitando que os teóricos contemporâneos reflitam sobre os arquivos do ponto de vista do produtor, pois a preservação de materiais digitais é contínua e começa no momento da criação dos documentos. Esta religação com a administração significa a possibilidade de os arquivos se tornarem instituições do presente estreitamente ligadas ao exercício da cidadania. / The discussion about custody that polarized the archival community regarding how to implement the preservation of digital records raised diverse issues related to Archival Science fundamentals and about how archival institutions would develop their functions of guardianship, preservation and access. Archival repositories were historically conceived as places to preserve authentic records and were connected to the administration. This bond was broken in the XIX century, when archives became primarily historical, with the focus on preserving sources of the past. The discussion on digital preservation is offering an opportunity to contemporaneous scholars to think about archives from the point of view of the creator, because the preservation of digital materials is continuous and starts at the moment of record creation. This reconnection with the administration means that it is possible for archives to become institutions of the present closely committed to the exercise of citizenship.

La présente thèse se propose de mettre en valeur le développement d’une archivistique chinoise moderne et de l’usage social des archives depuis le milieu du XXe siècle, à la lumière de l’évolution de l’État et de la société. La thèse comporte cinq chapitres. Le premier est un rappel de l’histoire politique de la Chine et de son impact socioculturel sur les archives et le métier d’archiviste. Le deuxième présente l’évolution de l’archivistique chinoise, afin d’expliquer le contexte dans lequel s'établissent la communication et la valorisation des archives. Le troisième traite des origines et de la formation de la législation archivistique en Chine à l'époque contemporaine : législation archivistique générale et spécifique, se rapportant à la communication. Il s’agit d’une base essentielle dans le domaine de la communication des archives. Le quatrième chapitre présente une étude des politiques de communication des archives en Chine et donne des éléments de comparaison avec la situation en France, allant jusqu’au fonctionnement des salles de lecture – lieux où les archivistes et leurs « clients » se rencontrent et où s’appliquent les textes législatifs et réglementaires. Le dernier chapitre aborde le problème des relations entre les archivistes et le public, qui s’établissent et se développent notamment dans le cadre d'activités culturelles, principaux moyens de valorisation des archives conservées : publications, expositions, sur site et en ligne. / This thesis proposes to develop a modern Chinese archival science and the social use of archives since the mid-twentieth century in the light of the evolution of the state and society value. It is composed of five parts: First of all, we are going to take a historical review with its impact on the archives and the profession of archives in a socio-cultural aspect. Second of all, we’ll look back into the evolution of the archives in China so as to make clearer the context in which the communication and the valorization of the archives have been established. In the third part are explained the origin and the development of the archival legislation in China, from the Qing dynasty till nowadays. Here we’ll consider the legislation of archives in general and the one who concerns more specifically the communication of archives. It’s the basis that is essential to the communication of archives. The forth part presents a comparative study of Chinese politic about the archives communication comparing with that of France, as well as the organization of the lecture rooms— locations where the archivists and their “customers” get in touch with each other directly, are also where confront usually some contradictions. In the last part, we’ll examine the relations between the archivists and its public, which are generally recognized, particularly when it comes to cultural activities, as important means to promote the archives conserved, including the publication, the on-site and virtual exhibitions.

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