John Gerstner (1914-1996) was a key figure in the renewal of Reformed evangelicalism in America in the second half of the twentieth century. Gerstner’s work as a church historian sought to shape evangelicalism, but also northern mainline Presbyterianism. In order to promote evangelical thought he wrote, taught, lectured, debated and preached widely. In order to achieve his aims he promoted the work of the great colonial theologian Jonathan Edwards. He also defended and endorsed biblical inerrancy and the Old Princeton theology. Gerstner was a critic of theological modernism and had reservations about the theology of Karl Barth—the great Swiss Reformed theologian. Part of Gerstner’s fame was his active participation in mainline Presbyterianism and in so many of the smaller Presbyterian denominations and in the wider evangelical movement. His renewal efforts within the United Presbyterian Church U.S.A. (later PCUSA) were largely a failure, but they did contribute to the surprising resurgence of Reformed evangelicalism. Evangelical marginalization in the mainline led Gerstner and other evangelicals to redirect their energy into new evangelical institutions, groups and denominations. Gerstner’s evangelical United Presbyterian Church of North America (UPCNA) background influenced the young scholar and the legacy of the UPCNA’s heritage can be detected in the popular forms of the Reformed evangelical movement that exist today. It is a central theme of this dissertation that Gerstner’s significance, at least partially, can be observed in the number of Reformed evangelical scholars and leaders who studied with him and play leading roles in the movement today.

This paper discusses the Romaji Movement and its role in the reform of the Japanese written language during the Allied Occupation of Japan (1945-1952). Past analyses concerning the Romaji Movement have suggested that romanization failed due to conspiracies against it and have neglected to consider other alternatives being pursued by the Japanese government. This paper will take a closer look at the Americans who supported romanization, their motivations for doing so, and the development of SCAP policy towards language reform. Since simplification, not romanization, was the preferred objective of both the American and the Japanese governments, this paper goes on to examine alternative methods to simplification which, in the end, proved to be highly successful.

Despite all the scholarly work on the Hopi, studies primarily focus on the role of the Federal government and Hopi resistance; discussions generally dismiss Hopi Progressives as "assimilationists" and "puppets" of the Federal government. This limited focus has lead us astray in our attempts to analyze the Hopi response to the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) which created the Hopi Tribal Council. This study restructured the framework of analysis by tracing the political changes among Hopi Progressives during the post Oraibi Spilt era (1906-1936). Hopi history served as a model of Hopi political tradition for comparative analysis of Progressive leadership and activities. The results of the comparison demonstrated that Hopi progressivism was rooted in tradition and strove to insure greater sovereignty. Finally, the political changes among Progressives created parallels to the IRA. In giving a new definition to Hopi progressivism, this study expands the framework of the Hopi IRA process.

This thesis is based on research conducted at the National Park Service (NPS) Western Archeological and Conservation Center (WACC) for the purpose of making determinations regarding funerary objects according to the guidelines required by the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA Public Law 101-601). The analysis is intended to show that only a nominal amount of artifacts stored at WACC are actually subject to NAGPRA guidelines regarding funerary objects and perhaps more importantly that the curation procedures and conditions surrounding the acquisition of these objects has negatively impacted their research value.

The question this thesis asks is: How have non-Indian conceptions of masculinity and femininity shaped federal Indian policy during the late nineteenth-century? The answer to this question lies, I will argue, in the process of liberal state formation itself; a process which necessarily involves the continued reproduction of gender hierarchies and systems of male power that privilege men and masculinity over women and femininity. This public/private dichotomy, and the system of gender relations it supports, restricts women's social role to within a highly circumscribed private sphere separate and distinct from the public sphere of economy and state occupied by men. Therefore, as a reflection of the overall process of liberal state formation, the process of incorporating Indian peoples into the American social, economic, and political mainstream undertaken during the assimilation and allotment eras, necessarily entailed the reproduction of Euroamerican gender hierarchies within Indian societies.

Les pratiques reliées à l'alimentation des esclaves de la Louisiane française nous renseignent sur les conflits et les solidarités entre les groupes sociaux, et à l'intérieur de ces groupes dans une société de frontière esclavagiste. Le premier chapitre traite des deux stratégies principales des Blancs par rapport à l'alimentation des esclaves : préserver leurs esclaves et limiter leur rôle dans l'économie. Le deuxième chapitre traite du rôle des esclaves dans l'économie alimentaire comme travailleurs spécialisés et comme producteurs et distributeurs de ressources alimentaires; ces rôles leur permettent d'obtenir davantage d'autonomie dans la société coloniale. Les différentes stratégies des esclaves pour obtenir davantage d'autonomie sont à l'origine de conflits et de solidarité au sein de la population servile. / By studying practices related to slave food in French Louisiana, we learn more about solidarities and conflicts between social groups and within these groups in a slave frontier society. The first chapter is about two main strategies of whites related to slave food: to preserve the slave population and to control their participation in the economy. The second chapter is about the roles of slaves in the food economy, as specialized workers and as producers and distributors of food; these roles enable them to gain more autonomy within the colonial society. The different strategies of slaves in the area of food are at the heart of conflicts and of solidarity between them.

Thesis advisor: Mark Gelfand / Labor in the United States has been commonly associated with images of industrialism, factories, and skilled craftsmen. This narrow vision of labor ignores the millions of Americans employed by the federal, state, and local governments. As early national labor law failed to define the rights of government employees, each state was forced to create their own public labor law through judicial rulings and state legislation. This study is framed around the struggles of Rhode Island public employees, specifically public school teachers, to obtain the right to organize and employ labor's greatest weapon, the strike. An in-depth examination of the 1975 Woonsocket Teachers' Guild strike incorporating the experiences of union officers, labor lawyers, and other participants provides a concrete example of the difficulties encountered by government employees against the courts, legislature, and public opinion. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2005. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

Thesis advisor: David Quigley / This thesis will explore the factors that contributed to the enshrinement of the immigrant, in relation to places relevant to the Old World immigrant narrative. The chapters concentrate on the area around New York Harbor, often referred to as "the gateway," where turn-of-the-century immigrants sailed and settled and to where public memory made its return in the late sixties, seventies, and eighties. Public attentiveness to ethnic identity affected the character of historic preservation, prompting the creation of new symbols of American history. Many Americans' own Roots narratives brought them here, to the very place the immigrants began their American stories. Chapter One puts the spotlight on New Jersey, exploring how Jersey City claimed its part in the immigrant narrative, and how the state government organized its multi-ethnic character. Chapter Two opens to the national level, illustrating how the enshrinement of Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty Centennial embodied the nationalism that came with the rise of conservatism. Chapter Three surveys immigrant memory in the Lower East Side, the quintessential neighborhood of nations, exploring what the Lower East Side Tenement Museum has done to pay homage to the "urban pioneers" of American history, using the past to affect contemporary immigration issues. The public memory that took shape at these historic sites resulted from not solely a revived interest in Old World ethnicity, but through a combination of factors. This thesis will also show how the ethnic revival helped draw attention to aspects of American life such as urban living, and provoked public discourse and scholarly research to attend to the people that history previously overlooked. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History. / Discipline: History Honors Program.

American concern for South Africa during the Boer War focused on how the war affected wider American interests, and especially a budding rapprochement with Britain. It was not related to commercial or other interests intrinsic to the region. The Boer War could have evolved into a world war, and could have involved the United States, even emboldened a European power to attack the United States. The McKinley and Roosevelt administrations realized the danger, and sought to develop a sound working relationship with Britain that would not be attacked by a contentious and still largely anti-British public and Congress. Inept diplomatic representation in Southern Africa and agitation by Boer envoys and sympathizers in America further complicated matters. / Guided by Secretary of State John Hay, the United States emerged from this diplomatic cauldron unscathed. Mr. Hay was accused of subordinating the interests of his own country to Britain. In reality, he consistently pressed Britain for concessions, which the British made to garner American diplomatic support in response to the pressures of an enormous war effort little appreciated today. Hay achieved the essence of successful diplomacy: The United States attained its goals peacefully and with the gratitude of the British Empire. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 53-11, Section: A, page: 4047. / Major Professor: Thomas M. Campbell, Jr. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1992.

This study examines the roles of Herschel Brickell, Samuel Guy Inman, Carleton Beals, and Waldo Frank in interpreting United States-Latin American relations between 1910 and 1970. As a group these alternative intellectuals stood out in their efforts to portray the realities of Latin America to North American readers. / This work deals with an important yet neglected aspect of American intellectual culture in the first half of the twentieth century. It attempts to link the goals of the members of the group of alternative intellectuals and the historical problem of asymmetry in studies of United States-Latin American relations. Through the four intellectuals the following topics are explored: Progressivism, the intersection of literature and history in Latin America and in the United States, the role of book reviewing in bringing about closer hemispheric relations, the part played by the Division of Cultural Relations in the United States Department of State, and the contributions of certain United States journalists in treating subjects neglected by scholars of United States-Latin American relations. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-08, Section: A, page: 3163. / Major Professor: Valerie J. Conner. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.