Para muitos componentes e estruturas de engenharia a determinação precisa do estado de tensões residuais presente é de fundamental importância para a avaliação de sua integridade estrutural. O método do furo cego (MFC) é um dos métodos mais difundidos para a medição de tensões residuais, no entanto, por se tratar de um ensaio relativamente complexo, a determinação da sua incerteza de medição apresenta uma série de dificuldades, as quais se refletem na inexistência de estudos na literatura que abordem esse assunto de forma completa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a determinação da incerteza de medição do MFC englobando todas as fontes de incerteza em potencial do método. Para tanto, foi elaborado um procedimento envolvendo a determinação e caracterização das fontes de incerteza tanto na parte experimental como no tratamento matemático dos dados. A partir da caracterização das fontes de incerteza detectou-se como fator principal na determinação da incerteza o erro do operador, que foi possível através do desvio de repetitividade. A fonte de incerteza devido ao erro do operador foi a de determinação mais complexa e envolveu o projeto e a construção de uma máquina especialmente desenvolvida para a aplicação de um estado de tensões homogêneo e que permitisse medir com precisão as tensões residuais com o método do furo cego. Técnicas de medição de tensões residuais por difração de raios-X e monitoramento de tensão com extensometria de resistência elétrica foram utilizadas para a verificação da homogeneidade das tensões nas amostras. A metodologia se mostrou adequada, conduzindo a resultados que permitiram determinar com sucesso a incerteza de medição através de planilhas eletrônicas. / The characterization of the residual stress state of engineering components and structures is of fundamental importance for assessments of their structural integrity. The hole drilling method is one of the most commonly used methods; however, due to its relative complexity, quantifying its measurement uncertainties is not straightforward. It is a semi-destructive method, which means that multiple measurements cannot be repeated in a same location, and stress distributions mean that it is difficult to guarantee that a number of points in the same state will be available in a given volume. This study suggests a global uncertainty measurement which includes a study of repeatability related to the operator. This is thought to be novel in the existing literature. For this, a standard sample and a machine which guarantees a homogeneous stress distribution in the sample were developed. To ensure the homogeneity of the stresses, x-ray diffraction measurements were performed. The results obtained show good repeatability for different operators and good results for the uncertainty of measurements for the method.

In this study, the effectiveness of hole-drilling strain gage method on residual stress estimation is investigated. The thermal-elastic-plastic model of commercial Marc finite element method package is employed to simulate and build up the hole-drilling process and residual stress distribute. Two Inconel 690 alloy plate welded with GTAW filling I-52 solder has simulated by using the Marc software first. Then the traditional hole-drilling process is simulated. The simulated residual strain variation data is introduced into the hole-drilling strain-gage method to derive the possible residual stress components. The effects of drilling depth and drill size on the accuracy of estimated residual stress have also been discussed. A comparison between stress components estimated from the traditional hole-drilling strain gage method and simulated from the Marc software was presented. The modified dimensionless parameters are provided by applying the optimum technique. The numerical results indicate that the proposed dimensionless parameters can improve the accuracy of estimated residual stress components significantly.

Para muitos componentes e estruturas de engenharia a determinação precisa do estado de tensões residuais presente é de fundamental importância para a avaliação de sua integridade estrutural. O método do furo cego (MFC) é um dos métodos mais difundidos para a medição de tensões residuais, no entanto, por se tratar de um ensaio relativamente complexo, a determinação da sua incerteza de medição apresenta uma série de dificuldades, as quais se refletem na inexistência de estudos na literatura que abordem esse assunto de forma completa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a determinação da incerteza de medição do MFC englobando todas as fontes de incerteza em potencial do método. Para tanto, foi elaborado um procedimento envolvendo a determinação e caracterização das fontes de incerteza tanto na parte experimental como no tratamento matemático dos dados. A partir da caracterização das fontes de incerteza detectou-se como fator principal na determinação da incerteza o erro do operador, que foi possível através do desvio de repetitividade. A fonte de incerteza devido ao erro do operador foi a de determinação mais complexa e envolveu o projeto e a construção de uma máquina especialmente desenvolvida para a aplicação de um estado de tensões homogêneo e que permitisse medir com precisão as tensões residuais com o método do furo cego. Técnicas de medição de tensões residuais por difração de raios-X e monitoramento de tensão com extensometria de resistência elétrica foram utilizadas para a verificação da homogeneidade das tensões nas amostras. A metodologia se mostrou adequada, conduzindo a resultados que permitiram determinar com sucesso a incerteza de medição através de planilhas eletrônicas. / The characterization of the residual stress state of engineering components and structures is of fundamental importance for assessments of their structural integrity. The hole drilling method is one of the most commonly used methods; however, due to its relative complexity, quantifying its measurement uncertainties is not straightforward. It is a semi-destructive method, which means that multiple measurements cannot be repeated in a same location, and stress distributions mean that it is difficult to guarantee that a number of points in the same state will be available in a given volume. This study suggests a global uncertainty measurement which includes a study of repeatability related to the operator. This is thought to be novel in the existing literature. For this, a standard sample and a machine which guarantees a homogeneous stress distribution in the sample were developed. To ensure the homogeneity of the stresses, x-ray diffraction measurements were performed. The results obtained show good repeatability for different operators and good results for the uncertainty of measurements for the method.

Para muitos componentes e estruturas de engenharia a determinação precisa do estado de tensões residuais presente é de fundamental importância para a avaliação de sua integridade estrutural. O método do furo cego (MFC) é um dos métodos mais difundidos para a medição de tensões residuais, no entanto, por se tratar de um ensaio relativamente complexo, a determinação da sua incerteza de medição apresenta uma série de dificuldades, as quais se refletem na inexistência de estudos na literatura que abordem esse assunto de forma completa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a determinação da incerteza de medição do MFC englobando todas as fontes de incerteza em potencial do método. Para tanto, foi elaborado um procedimento envolvendo a determinação e caracterização das fontes de incerteza tanto na parte experimental como no tratamento matemático dos dados. A partir da caracterização das fontes de incerteza detectou-se como fator principal na determinação da incerteza o erro do operador, que foi possível através do desvio de repetitividade. A fonte de incerteza devido ao erro do operador foi a de determinação mais complexa e envolveu o projeto e a construção de uma máquina especialmente desenvolvida para a aplicação de um estado de tensões homogêneo e que permitisse medir com precisão as tensões residuais com o método do furo cego. Técnicas de medição de tensões residuais por difração de raios-X e monitoramento de tensão com extensometria de resistência elétrica foram utilizadas para a verificação da homogeneidade das tensões nas amostras. A metodologia se mostrou adequada, conduzindo a resultados que permitiram determinar com sucesso a incerteza de medição através de planilhas eletrônicas. / The characterization of the residual stress state of engineering components and structures is of fundamental importance for assessments of their structural integrity. The hole drilling method is one of the most commonly used methods; however, due to its relative complexity, quantifying its measurement uncertainties is not straightforward. It is a semi-destructive method, which means that multiple measurements cannot be repeated in a same location, and stress distributions mean that it is difficult to guarantee that a number of points in the same state will be available in a given volume. This study suggests a global uncertainty measurement which includes a study of repeatability related to the operator. This is thought to be novel in the existing literature. For this, a standard sample and a machine which guarantees a homogeneous stress distribution in the sample were developed. To ensure the homogeneity of the stresses, x-ray diffraction measurements were performed. The results obtained show good repeatability for different operators and good results for the uncertainty of measurements for the method.

This thesis deals with measurement of residual stress by hole drilling method. This method is based on drilling a hole and measurement of deformation in the area around this hole. Measured deformations are then converted to residual stresses by using calibration coefficients. The deformation around the drilled hole is measured by optical non contact method called digital image correlation (DIC). First part of the thesis is focused on current state of research. The thesis contains evaluation of residual stresses by using different methods and evaluation of used methods.

<p>Quality of the castings is affected by several factors which the designer should take into consideration during the product development process. Although residual stress is one of those, it is often not considered in practical computations. Hence residual stresses are one of the forgotten areas in designing of machine parts. This master thesis is focused on the investigation of residual stresses in a high pressure die casted component, with the aim of extending its service life, by taking results from the study as a feedback.</p><p>The investigation of residual stresses was done on a variety of specimens, cast aluminum flywheel, provided by Husqvarna AB. This flywheel is a component in a product of the same company.In evaluating the residual stresses in the part, two tools-simulation and physical measurement were used. Moreover, comparison with these two methods is also done at an area of interest on the flywheel. The simulation was carried out by using MAGMAhpdc-a module for high pressure die casting process, from the commercial software package MAGMAsoft; while for the physical measurements, the hole drilling method was used, a method believed to be less accurate at low stresses areas.</p><p>The findings obtained from this study show that the results from both procedures are close, with small deviations observed, which reveals the reliability of the hole drilling method even when the stress levels are low. It is also found that the compressive residual stresses dominate in the component-a preferred phenomenon with regards to residual stress.</p>

Quality of the castings is affected by several factors which the designer should take into consideration during the product development process. Although residual stress is one of those, it is often not considered in practical computations. Hence residual stresses are one of the forgotten areas in designing of machine parts. This master thesis is focused on the investigation of residual stresses in a high pressure die casted component, with the aim of extending its service life, by taking results from the study as a feedback. The investigation of residual stresses was done on a variety of specimens, cast aluminum flywheel, provided by Husqvarna AB. This flywheel is a component in a product of the same company.In evaluating the residual stresses in the part, two tools-simulation and physical measurement were used. Moreover, comparison with these two methods is also done at an area of interest on the flywheel. The simulation was carried out by using MAGMAhpdc-a module for high pressure die casting process, from the commercial software package MAGMAsoft; while for the physical measurements, the hole drilling method was used, a method believed to be less accurate at low stresses areas. The findings obtained from this study show that the results from both procedures are close, with small deviations observed, which reveals the reliability of the hole drilling method even when the stress levels are low. It is also found that the compressive residual stresses dominate in the component-a preferred phenomenon with regards to residual stress.

The diplom thesis deals with modernization of older drill out machine MTS3000 for measurement of residual stress. To make the device work it is necessary to keep running computer control card and necessary software. Because a producer does not provide any upgrade, it was decided to put the device into operation by creating new software. At first an analysis of drilling method and function of device MTS3000 - Restan was made. Next step was to disassemble and analyze the station of the drilling device. Then the station was put into operation and modified for control via USB device NI USB 6009. Finally a computer program in LabVIEW environment was created to automate the measurement process. Program has two main tasks: one is to control the drilling cycle of the machine. Another one is to acquire data from measuring amplifier station.

No description available.

The master thesis is focused to design and realization of experimental equipment for researching of residual stress determination for specimen with non-uniform distribution stress along the depth. Literature search study of problematic was performed and it was used for elaboration of chapters about origin of residual stress, their classification and chapters about methods, which are used for measuring of residual stress and their determination. The following part explains the design of experimental equipment and stress-strain analysis of selected parts of this equipment. Then the final design of equipment is presented, including complete production drawings, and it’s explained final assembling of experimental equipment. Final chapter is devoted to examinable loading of specimen.