In order to understand the intricate processes involved in second language teacher development, in the last decade studies in second language teacher education (SLTE) have addressed the need to explore pre-service teachers’ beliefs and emotions jointly as they occur in their contexts of teaching. SLTE researchers have referred to the importance of helping pre-service teachers verbalize their beliefs and try to understand and regulate their emotions as they can serve to explain what, how, and why pre-service teachers do what they do during their practicum experience. In addition, considering future teachers will be passing on their beliefs, values, and ways of behaving and feeling to future generations, SLTE should offer pre-service teachers with models of teaching that will help form ethical, reflective, and emotionally intelligent professionals capable of transforming society. The clamor for peace in today’s world and the globalized nature of the English language emphasize the need to embrace practices in SLTE intended to foster peace. In Argentina (the context of the present study) such practices carry particular relevance, as it is expected from the Ministry of Education that the teaching of foreign languages at primary and high school level serve as tools to promote societal peace. Given the importance of exploring pre-service teachers’ beliefs together with emotions, and on the importance of providing them with holistic approaches to teaching aimed at expanding peace, this study examines pre-service teachers’ beliefs and emotions about an innovative intervention involving the language of peace throughout their practicum semester in an Argentine setting. More specifically, through multiple case studies and narrative approaches, this study investigates four pre-service teachers’ beliefs and emotions regarding peace and the implementation of multidimensional peace language activities (MPLAs) before, during, and after their Practicum I course. In addition, it aims at comparing participants’ beliefs and emotions with their actions as reflected in their lesson plans and in-school teaching experience. Finally, it traces pre-service teachers’ transformation of beliefs and emotions throughout the course, and examines the ways in which reflection facilitates teacher development. Multiple sources were used for data collection, including semi-structured interviews, journal entries, field-notes from classroom observations, lesson plans, and narrative frames. The thematic and content analysis of the data revealed that in general participants believed the MPLA intervention in the practicum (a) gave participants meaningful English exposure, (b) changed their understanding of peace and enhanced their ability to teach peace in EFL classrooms, and (c) led to a more transformative practicum experience. By embodying multidimensional peace the participants were able to become conscious of their beliefs, emotions, and actions regarding the inclusion of MPLAs and understand their teaching practices better, thereby allowing themselves to develop as teachers and peacebuilders. However, it was noted that two pre-service teachers were not able to include as many MPLAs as they had desired, due to contextual factors and previous learning experiences, among other aspects. Limitations of the study are addressed, as well as research and pedagogical implications for the field of SLTE that relate to the need to incorporate holistic, experiential, and contemplative approaches intended to cultivate multidimensional peace.

The focus of this thesis is on collaborative translation as a reflection of the contexts in which it takes place. I consider a wide range of contexts, including both historical and present day social change movements. Drawing on the principles that were outlined by scholars during the cultural turn in translation studies that took place during the 1980s and 90s, I examine cultural translation as something that can take place on many levels, from the translation of words and sentences to the translation of the values of a movement. As an example of the holistic approaches that are part of cultural translation, I look in-depth at Our Bodies, Ourselves, a feminist book that has been written and translated collaboratively by women all over the world. I then expand my survey of collaborative approaches to include the translation of literary and religious texts, including the translation of Don Quixote into Kichwa, as part of an indigenous movement, as well as historical and present day team translations of Buddhist sutras in the U.S. and China, and numerous collaborative Bible translations spanning centuries and continents. I also explore the relationship between amateur translators, collaborative approaches, and activism in social movements. Part of my aim is to bridge the gaps between translator training and translation theory, practice, and policy. In some cases, amateur translators are a manifestation of the values of a movement; in other cases they are a necessity due to limited financial resources, and activists take a variety of approaches to the problem of budgetary constraints. One approach is collaboration, which can make a translation project economically viable by dividing work amongst volunteers. Another solution is to form worker cooperatives. In addition, the use of technology can help to increase efficiency and save money. Translators in social change movements frequently solve problems and carry out their values by taking holistic approaches. From integrating modern technology and time-tested historical practices to drawing on translation traditions from a variety of cultures, collaborative translation projects demonstrate a wide range of ways in which the values of social change movements can be reflected in the translation process.

Avec le développement de l'IoT, des Smart Cities, et d'autres systèmes large-échelle extrêmement hétérogènes, les systèmes distribués deviennent à la fois plus complexes et plus omniprésents de jour en jour et seront bientôt difficiles à gérer avec les approches courantes. Pour masquer cette difficulté croissante et faciliter leur gestion à tous les stages de leur cycle de vie, cette thèse soutient qu'une approche holistique est nécessaire, où la fonction d'un système est considérée comme un tout, et qui se détache du comportement des composants individuels. En parallèle à cette montée en abstraction, les blocs de base doivent devenir plus autonomes, capable de réagir aux circonstances et d'automatiser la plupart des tâches de bas niveau. Nous proposons trois contributions vers cette vision : 1) Pleiades : une approche holistique pour construire des structures complexes par assemblage, facile à programmer et soutenue par un moteur d'exécution auto-organisant et efficace, basé sur des protocoles épidémiques. 2) Mind-the-Gap : un protocole épidémique de détection des partitions dans les MANETs, grâce à des agrégations opportunistes et à une représentation stochastique compacte du réseau. 3) HyFN: une extension des protocoles épidémiques traditionnels, capable de résoudre efficacement le problème des k-plus-lointains-voisins, ce dont les méthodes standards s'étaient révélées incapables jusqu'à maintenant. Nous considérons que ces trois contributions montrent que notre vision est réaliste, et mettent en valeur ses qualités. / With the advent of the IoT, Smart Cities, and other large-scale extremely heterogeneous systems, distributed systems are becoming both more complex and pervasive every day and will soon be intractable with current approaches. To hide this growing complexity and facilitate the management of distributed systems at all stages of their life-cycle, this thesis argues for a holistic approach, where the function of a system is considered as a whole, moving away from the behavior of individual components. In parallel to this rise in abstraction levels, basic building blocks need to become more autonomous and able to react to circumstances, to alleviate developers and automate most of the low level operations. We propose three contributions towards this vision : 1) Pleiades: a holistic approach to build complex structures by assembly, easily programmable and supported by an efficient, self-organizing gossip-based run-time engine. 2) Mind-the-Gap: a gossip-based protocol to detect partitions and other large connectivity changes in MANETs, thanks to periodic opportunistic aggregations and a stochastic representation of the network membership. 3) HyFN: an extension to traditional gossip protocols that is able to efficiently solve the k-Furthest-Neighbors problem, which standard methods have been unable to up to now. We believe these three contributions demonstrate our vision is realistic and highlight its attractive qualities.