No / In composite steel beams with precast hollow core slabs, the amount of transverse reinforcement can have a significant effect on the shear and slip capacity of the mechanical shear connectors. The issue of connector ductility becomes especially important when partial shear connection is adopted, as premature failure of the shear connectors would lead to sudden failure of the composite beam. This chapter presents its findings on the effect of transverse reinforcement on connector ductility and proposes design equations. Transverse reinforcement is used to provide ties for the slabs and confined concrete from splitting. The ductility of the shear connector, that is, slip capacity is directly affected by the amount of transverse reinforcement. Design equations presented in this chapter for estimating the shear capacity of the headed shear stud show a good correlation with the push-off test results. For full shear connection design, pre-splitting shear capacity of the headed stud can be used for the composite design, while for partial shear connection design, post-splitting shear capacity of the headed stud should be used. In general, a minimum transverse reinforcement of T16 bars should be used if partial shear connection design is used to ensure a minimum ductility of 6mm slip.

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No / This paper described the finite element modelling of the semi-rigid composite beam-column joints with the composite steel beams and precast hollowcore slabs which can accurately simulate the moment-rotation response of the connections. Using the general purpose finite element software ABAQUS, a three dimensional model of the composite joint is set up. The techniques of simulating the bolt force, the endplate, the concrete elements, the reinforcement, the shear connectors and the interaction between the slabs and the steel beams are discussed. The results are presented and compared with the experimental data and good agreement is obtained. Parametric studies using the developed model will be performed to gain better understanding of this form of composite joints.

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An active core fiber optic gas sensing technique has been developed by using a photonic crystal (PC) hollow core fiber (HCF) as a transducer and a tunable diode laser as a light source for multi-gas sensing. The intrinsic optical absorption signal of an analyte molecule in the near nfrared region is monitored for sensing C2H2,CO2 and NH3. Although the overtone absorptions are known to have low absorption cross-sections, this sensor can detect these gas components down to the parts-per-million (ppm) level by using a 1-meter hollow core fiber as a transducer. This sensor is an example of application of PC-HCF to gas sensor design. The sensitivity of this gas sensing technique can be improved by introducing periodic openings along the fiber, decreasing the hole diameter down to 0.5 mm and using a longer hollow optical fibers. Other advantages of this gas sensing technique include less interference, fast response and potential applications like high temperature, remote and corrosive gas sensing.

No / Precast concrete hollow core floor units (hcu) are widely used in all types of multistorey steel framed buildings where they bear onto the top flanges of universal beams. The steel beam is normally designed in bending, in isolation from the concrete slab, and no account is taken of the composite beam action available with the precast units. A program of combined experimental and numerical studies was undertaken that aimed at deciding on a suitable approach for the design of composite steel beams that utilize precast concrete hollow core slabs. The results show that the precast slabs may be used compositely with the steel beams in order to increase both flexural strength and stiffness at virtually no extra cost, except for the headed shear studs. For typical geometry and serial sizes, the composite beams were found to be twice as strong and three times as stiff as the equivalent isolated steel beam. The failure mode was ductile, and may have been controlled by the correct use of small quantities of tie steel and insitu infill concrete placed between the precast units.

No / The chapter discusses the behavior of composite steel beams with precast hollow core slabs in hogging moment regions. Full-scale composite beams to column semi-rigid connections with precast hollow core slabs are tested in the chapter. The chapter presents a steelwork connection consists of a flush end plate bolted to column flanges. The main variables studied are shear stud's spacing and degree of shear connection. Comprehensive instrumentations are used for all the tests, based on the experimental data, and equations to predict the rotation and the moment capacity for this type of composite connection are proposed in the chapter. A precast composite hollow core floor is a newly developed composite system for building that use precast hollow core slabs as the structural flooring. However, research on composite construction incorporating steel beams with precast hollow core slabs is still relatively new in comparison to the more traditional composite metal deck flooring.

No / Composite construction incorporating steel beams and precast hollowcore slabs is a recently developed composite floor system for building construction. As the construction industry demands for rapid construction with reduction in cost and environmental impacts, this form of composite construction, which does not require major onsite concreting, has become very popular among the designers and engineers in the UK. This form of composite construction is so far limited to simple beam-column connections. A semi-rigid composite joint is developed which can provide sufficient moment and rotation capacity required for plastic analysis in composite beams design. An analytical model for the semi-rigid composite connection is proposed and is verified with the experimental data and good agreement is obtained.