O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar, sob uma perspectiva materialista-dialética, o processo de transformação ideológica da consciência política do autor George Orwell (1903-1950), a partir da obra Homage to Catalonia, publicada originalmente em 1938. A partir disso, a pesquisa procurou compreender a trajetória de Orwell durante o período em que combateu na Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939), bem como os contextos políticos e históricos da Espanha e da Catalunha, naquele período. Para isso, foram analisados trechos do livro Homage to Catalonia, bem como de outros trabalhos de George Orwell, dialogando com a fortuna crítica acerca da obra do autor. Também buscou ser feita uma leitura crítica da interpretação e apropriação do pensamento de Orwell por outros autores, confrontando as diferentes visões com as palavras do próprio autor / The main objective of this research is to study the process of ideological transformation of George Orwell\'s (1903-1950) political consciousness, by means of a dialectical materialism perspective, in the book Homage to Catalonia, originally published in 1938. In that manner, this research has tried to comprehend Orwell\'s path in Spain and Catalonia, as a combatant in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), through the analysis of the historic and political context of that time and place. We have studied quotes from Homage to Catalonia, as well as from other works by George Orwell, discussing them with the aid of the critical fortune on the author\'s body of work. We have also tried to understand the interpretation and appropriation of Orwell\'s thought by other authors, confronting those visions with Orwell\'s own words

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar, sob uma perspectiva materialista-dialética, o processo de transformação ideológica da consciência política do autor George Orwell (1903-1950), a partir da obra Homage to Catalonia, publicada originalmente em 1938. A partir disso, a pesquisa procurou compreender a trajetória de Orwell durante o período em que combateu na Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939), bem como os contextos políticos e históricos da Espanha e da Catalunha, naquele período. Para isso, foram analisados trechos do livro Homage to Catalonia, bem como de outros trabalhos de George Orwell, dialogando com a fortuna crítica acerca da obra do autor. Também buscou ser feita uma leitura crítica da interpretação e apropriação do pensamento de Orwell por outros autores, confrontando as diferentes visões com as palavras do próprio autor / The main objective of this research is to study the process of ideological transformation of George Orwell\'s (1903-1950) political consciousness, by means of a dialectical materialism perspective, in the book Homage to Catalonia, originally published in 1938. In that manner, this research has tried to comprehend Orwell\'s path in Spain and Catalonia, as a combatant in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), through the analysis of the historic and political context of that time and place. We have studied quotes from Homage to Catalonia, as well as from other works by George Orwell, discussing them with the aid of the critical fortune on the author\'s body of work. We have also tried to understand the interpretation and appropriation of Orwell\'s thought by other authors, confronting those visions with Orwell\'s own words

This thesis examines stylistic technique and narrative strategy in a range of George Orwell’s fictional and non-fictional texts to demonstrate how personal experience and detached interpretation interact dialectically in his work to create layers of narrative complexity. Moving from Raymond Williams’ observation that the figure of “Orwell” is the writer’s “most successful” creation, this study asserts a vital correlation between form and content in Orwell’s work, specifically in the central position that perspective occupies in his political outlook. The multiple perspectives that surface in Orwell’s texts – the reluctant Imperial policeman, the tramp in disguise, the advocate of the working poor, the rebellious and satirically-inclined anti-totalitarian writer – correspond with the author’s life experiences, and yet are revealed as rhetorically constructed positions that are adopted strategically to generate nuanced, and at times contradictory, impressions of a wide range of subject matter. Chapter 1 treats Orwell’s Burmese writings as ethnographically-inflected texts; Chapter 2 examines the figure of the mask in Down and Out in Paris and London and in The Road to Wigan Pier; Chapter 3 analyses a dialectic of experience and interpretation at play in Homage to Catalonia; Chapter 4 scrutinizes the mobilization of the rebel writer figure in a selection of Orwell’s mature essays; and Chapter 5 examines the strategic deployment of competing perspectives in Nineteen Eighty-Four’s anatomy of the totalitarian state. This array of analytical approaches serves the dual function of highlighting the versatility and sophistication of narrative strategy across a range of individual texts in Orwell’s oeuvre, and of demonstrating a trajectory in his work that adheres simultaneously to both formal and political considerations. Orwell’s highly prolific two-decade-long writing career, I argue, can be productively understood as an ongoing experiment with narrative strategy, and this experiment exerts at each stage a direct influence on his evolving political aesthetic.