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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2005. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Arts. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 344-403)

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

This paper argues that George Orwell was a myth maker in the twentieth century, an age of existential perplexities. Orwell recognized that man is innately "patriotic," that the will-to-believe is part of his nature, but that the excesses of scientific analysis have disrupted the absolutes of belief. Through the Organic Metaphor, Orwell attempted to reconstruct man's faith into an aesthetic, and consequently moral, sensibility. Proposing to balance, and not replace, the Mechanistic Metaphor of industrial society, Orwell sought human progress along aesthetic lines. "Socialism" was his political expression of the Organic Metaphor: both advocated universal integrity in time and space.

George Orwell wrote Animal Farm to warn of the dangers of a totalitarian regime in the practical application of communist ideology. His novella reflects his experience of, and response to, momentous events occurring in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. It is a acknowledgement of the extent to which totalitarian leaders rely on the manipulation of thoughts and actions in order to maintain power across the class boundaries. In this essay, Orwell’s political and personal standpoints are examined and the book is analysed from a Marxist and socialist perspective. Whereas Animal Farm was written to reflect the terrible experience of Orwell and many of his contemporaries, its message is in many ways limited by his efforts to adhere to a parody of the events in Soviet Russia. Attention is given to the role of propaganda and Squealer, the chief propagandist in Animal Farm. Although Squealer does not wield power overtly in the way that Napoleon does, he is pivotal in the maintenance of a cowed population. Further, and more importantly from the point of view of the Marxist criticism of Orwell's novella, the Author is found wanting in his depiction of the working classes and his ability to champion those upon whom he in actual fact looked down.

Texte remanié de: Thesis Ph. D.--Oxford, GB--University of Oxford. / Bibliogr. p. 206-221. Index.

This thesis aims to analyze the formation of politeness in the use of Orwell's artificial language, Newspeak. Multiple theories of politeness will be utilized for the examination but with primary focuses on Brown and Levinson's (1987) original theory and Watts' (2003) views on politic behavior. Orwell's (1949) original novel will be used for the grammatical and lexical basis of the language as well as the source for the language's sociolinguistic aspects. It will be shown that politeness is present within the society and its language, even though it is mechanically altered due to the structure of Newspeak. The largest changes are through the realization of face in INGSOC where a hybrid of Western and Eastern social principles are present.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o último romance de George Orwell, 1984, por meio de alguns de seus elementos literários principais, mais especificamente o estudo do foco narrativo e das personagens. A partir disso, a pesquisa pretende traçar paralelos em torno da questão da possível revolta do personagem principal com o contexto histórico em que o autor estava inserido, suas ideias, as relações com outros elementos de sua obra, dialogando com as afirmações feitas pela fortuna crítica durante as seis décadas de sua publicação. Dessa forma, foram selecionados trechos importantes do livro e de seu apêndice, cujos detalhes foram analisados o emprego de vocábulos, sua função na frase para então observar seu papel na narrativa e relacioná-los a fatores exteriores à obra. Finalmente, ao estabelecer diálogo com a fortuna crítica, buscou-se, na medida do possível, salientar a relevância de 1984 como instrumento de alerta e denúncia contra as mazelas do totalitarismo. / The purpose of this research is to analyze the last novel written by George Orwell, 1984, through its main literary tools, which importance gave the possibility to choose within a wide variety of aspects, the study of the narrator and the main characters. With this in mind, this research intends to delineate parallels between the possible rebellion of the main character and the historical context in which the author himself was inserted, his ideas, the links between other elements of his work, discussing it with the statements made by the critics through the six decades from its publication. Hence, it was selected important passages from the novel and its appendix that were analyzed down to very last details, from the use of certain words, their function within the sentence to its role in the novel as a whole and relate them to exterior factors. Finally through establishing a dialogue with the literary criticism it was pursued, as a possible, the underline of the book as an alert instrument and detection against totalitarianism causes.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o último romance de George Orwell, 1984, por meio de alguns de seus elementos literários principais, mais especificamente o estudo do foco narrativo e das personagens. A partir disso, a pesquisa pretende traçar paralelos em torno da questão da possível revolta do personagem principal com o contexto histórico em que o autor estava inserido, suas ideias, as relações com outros elementos de sua obra, dialogando com as afirmações feitas pela fortuna crítica durante as seis décadas de sua publicação. Dessa forma, foram selecionados trechos importantes do livro e de seu apêndice, cujos detalhes foram analisados o emprego de vocábulos, sua função na frase para então observar seu papel na narrativa e relacioná-los a fatores exteriores à obra. Finalmente, ao estabelecer diálogo com a fortuna crítica, buscou-se, na medida do possível, salientar a relevância de 1984 como instrumento de alerta e denúncia contra as mazelas do totalitarismo. / The purpose of this research is to analyze the last novel written by George Orwell, 1984, through its main literary tools, which importance gave the possibility to choose within a wide variety of aspects, the study of the narrator and the main characters. With this in mind, this research intends to delineate parallels between the possible rebellion of the main character and the historical context in which the author himself was inserted, his ideas, the links between other elements of his work, discussing it with the statements made by the critics through the six decades from its publication. Hence, it was selected important passages from the novel and its appendix that were analyzed down to very last details, from the use of certain words, their function within the sentence to its role in the novel as a whole and relate them to exterior factors. Finally through establishing a dialogue with the literary criticism it was pursued, as a possible, the underline of the book as an alert instrument and detection against totalitarianism causes.

This diploma thesis is concerned with the analysis of famous novels written by the English writer George Orwell. It is confronted with ethical concept represented by Emmanuel Lévinas. The thesis is about a social evil in all aspects. It observes the roots of historical events and searches for the crucial solutions why evil is still present in the human society and can be a threat for the society anytime. The thesis discusses the elements like demagogy, physical and psychological terror towards the humans in any possible dictatorships. At the end of the thesis, the author is drawing on Orwell´s and Lévinas´s ideas, which should be respected in the correct functioning of any social system.