Sur la base travail d’enquête sur la politique urbaine et les conflits locaux au Havre, cette thèse replace d'abord le cas du Havre, douzième ville française, dans le cadre des mutations urbaines contemporaines en particulier de la place stratégique des waterfronts. En se fondant sur une approche inductive la thèse aborde ensuite les transformations engagées dans les quartiers sud du Havre, notamment le quartier Saint-Nicolas, ancien épicentre de l'activité portuaire historique de la ville. Enfin la thèse s'attache à décrire et à analyser les contestations provoquées par ces politiques urbaines malgré les stratégies de concertation à partir de l'étude de cas de luttes portées par des collectifs d'habitants. / Based on the fieldwork on urban policy and local conflicts in Le Havre city, this thesis first places the case of Le Havre city, in the context of contemporary urban changes, mainly the strategic position of the waterfront. Based on an inductive approach, the thesis then discusses the transformations undertaken in the southern districts of Le Havre, notably the Saint-Nicolas district, the former epicenter of the city's historical port activity. Finally, the thesis focuses on describing and analyzing the challenges provoked by these urban policies, despite the strategies of consultation based on the case studies of struggles carried out by groups of inhabitants.

Magister Legum - LLM / Universally, workers’ protection is centred on the standard employment relationship (full-time,indeterminate employment) based on the distinction between ‘employee’ and ‘independent contractor’; nonetheless globalization coupled with advances in technology and other related processes such as casualization, externalization and informalization, has resulted in the proliferation of different forms of work that deviate from the conventional employment relationship. There is also an increase,worldwide, in the number of persons who perform work outside the employment sphere because they are labelled independent contractors though in fact they are on the same level of economic dependence and vulnerability with those who perform work as ‘employees’. It is to this category of workers that literature refers collectively as ‘atypical employees’ or ‘non-standard employees’. Despite the fact that there have been moves internationally and nationally to integrate these classes of worker, it remains clear that they constitute a labour force which is less well paid and less secure. Most of the atypical employees are included in the definition of ‘employee’ in both jurisdictions though home workers are explicitly excluded under the Ethiopian labour law.However, the collective bargaining system does not function to address the problems of atypical employees in both countries as it does for standard employees.