Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Pamplona Ramao.pdf: 2105143 bytes, checksum: d421038df17138c436595929574a8191 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this work is to examine and understand the unequal incidence of homicides in the urban area of the city of Cascavel / PR, between the years 2000 and 2006. The paper searches to understand why this type of crime can vary from one city to another unit and the relation between this phenomenon with the socioeconomic inequalities, infrastructure and urban services. The discussion has its origins in the accelerated process of urbanization in Brazil, which was concurrent with the large number of murders experienced in recent decades. Urban expansion in Brazil occurred, in large standard, in a confused way that was characterized by heterogeneity and socio segregation, which favored the emergence and / or intensification of various issues, including the violent crime, in special homicides. It revels that the non-metropolitan medium cities are showing bigger growth rates than the bigger cities and in this time is happening an internalization process of the murders in Brazil (IBERO-ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES, 2007). The city of Cascavel presents high homicides rates and it is introduced in a special way in this rapid urban expansion process. Few administrative urban units present high homicides rates and this fact shows that is necessary to understand this phenomenon in this city. Considering this context and the explanations present at the literature about the topic, an empiric research was done about the space distribution of murders in Cascavel urban setting. The paper searches to taste the relation between the phenomenon in discussion, the socioeconomic inequalities, infrastructure and the urban services, and identify elements that can contribute to the comprehension of this happening in Cascavel. Therefore, a statistic technique of exploratory analyzes of data space, (Técnica estatística de Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais AEDE) is used to understand the space standard of the crime in question, as well as the level of the space correlation with the independent variable of the study which were obtained in a number shape in the database of IBGE. Considering some information expressed only in cartographic format developed by Secretaria de Planejamento Municipal , a qualitative analysis was done on the space information. This analysis has an expressive contribution for the comprehension of the phenomenon studied. / A pesquisa visa examinar e compreender a incidência desigual dos homicídios no perímetro urbano do município de Cascavel/PR, no período compreendido entre os anos 2000 e 2006. Busca-se entender por que esse tipo de crime varia de uma unidade administrativa municipal para outra e a relação existente entre esse fenômeno, as desigualdades socioeconômicas, de infra-estrutura e de serviços urbanos. Parte-se da discussão sobre o acelerado processo de urbanização no Brasil, ao qual sobrepõe-se o processo escalar de homicídios vivenciado nas últimas décadas. A expansão urbana no Brasil ocorreu, em larga medida, de forma desordenada e caracteriza-se pela heterogeneidade e segregação socioespacial, o que favoreceu a emergência e/ou intensificação de diversas problemáticas, dentre as quais a da criminalidade violenta, sobretudo os homicídios. Demonstra-se que as cidades médias não-metropolitanas como Cascavel - vêm apresentando taxas de crescimento mais acentuadas que as metrópoles e paralelamente está ocorrendo um processo de interiorização dos homicídios no Brasil (ORGANIZAÇÃO DOS ESTADOS IBERO-AMERICANOS, 2007). A cidade de Cascavel, que se insere de modo peculiar nesse processo de rápida expansão urbana, apresenta altas taxas de homicídio, sendo que poucas unidades administrativas as concentram. Nesse contexto e com base nas explicações postuladas na literatura de referência, realiza-se uma pesquisa empírica sobre a distribuição espacial dos assassinatos no cenário intra-urbano municipal. Busca-se testar a relação existente entre o fenômeno ora estudado, as desigualdades socioeconômicas, de infra-estrutura e de serviços urbanos, no intuito de identificar elementos que contribuam para a compreensão dessa dinâmica em Cascavel. Para tanto, utiliza-se a técnica estatística de Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE), visando compreender os padrões espaciais do tipo de crime em análise, bem como o grau de correlação espacial com as variáveis independentes do estudo obtidas em formato numérico na base de dados do IBGE. Ainda, considerando algumas informações expressas apenas em formato cartográfico desenvolvidas pela Secretaria de Planejamento Municipal, realiza-se uma análise qualitativa de sobreposição espacial de informações. De forma complementar, essas análises contribuem, em larga medida, para a compreensão do fenômeno ora estudado.

殺人犯罪是所有犯罪類型中嚴重性被評為最高的罪行,也最令社會大眾與媒體關切.國內對殺人犯罪的研究仍少,而且主要是以問卷的形式進行.為了對此一現象做另一種方式的初步探討,研究者以台中監獄中刑期十年以上與無期徒刑的殺人犯為對象,研究中以「失抑量表」、「社會化量表」與「社會病態量表」來瞭解殺人犯的心理病態（psychopathy）的程度,並根據其在「失抑量表」得分的高低而分為組一與組二兩組.Rorschach墨漬測驗則用來探討他們的客體關係（object relations）能力的差異,同時也呈現出兩組在Exner系統中描述性變項上的統計結果.研究者除了採用Blatt等人的量表來對受刑人的Rorschach protocol進行計分外,並根據客體關係理論,結合Blatt與Urist的量表而發展出一套新的客體關係量表. 研究結果支持殺人犯可以依其心理病態的程度做進一步的區分,而且不同的心理病態程度可以對應到不同的客體關係能力.最後,研究中分析了新量表的有效性. 第一章 緒論-第1頁 第一節 研究背景-第1頁 第二節 反社會行為的異質性-第3頁 第三節 心理病態的生理、心理與行為特徵-第11頁 第二章 本研究的相關理論、研究與研究目的-第21頁 第一節 Kernberg的客體關係理論-第21頁 第二節 Rorschach測驗的本質-第28頁 第三節 Human Contents與客體關係-第32頁 第四節 M反應與客體關係-第33頁 第五節 客體關係理論的研究取向與批評-第38頁 第六節 研究工具的編製與研究目的-第48頁 第三章 研究方法-第56頁 第一節 受試、工具與程序-第56頁 第二節 資料分析-第60頁 第四章 結果-第66頁 第五章 討論-第80頁 附註-第83頁 參考文獻-第85頁 Notes-第97頁 附錄一 相互自主性量表-第98頁 附錄二 Rorschach互動量表-第100頁 附錄三 客體概念的發展分析-第101頁 附錄四 失抑量表、社會化量表與社會病態量表-第112頁 附錄五 信度計分表一-第115頁 附錄六 信度計分表二-第116頁 附錄七 信度計分表三-第117頁 / The seriousness of criminal homicide is evaluated as the highest among all crimes, and receives the most concern from the public and mass media. There is still few researches on criminal homicide in Taiwan, and the major study tools are questionnaires. In order to investigate this phenomenon from a different perspective, the researcher selected the homicides in Taichung prison who get a 10-year sentence or life sentence as his subjects. In this study, "Disinhibition Scale", "Socialization Scale", and "Sociopathy Scale" were applied to understand the psychopathy level of the homicides, and subjects are divided into two groups according to their scores on the "Disinhibition Scale". Rorschach inkblot test was selected to investigate their different capacity for object relations, meanwhile presented the descriptive statistics of Exner's Comprehensive System for both groups. Besides scoring subjects' Rorschach protocols on the scale developed by Blatt et al., the researcher intergrated Blatt's and Urist's scales on the basis of object relations theory into a new object relations scale. The results of this stydy provide suppport for the hypotheses that homicides can be differentiated from each other on the basis of their psychopathy level, and different levels of psychopathy reflect different capacity for object relations. Finally, the utility of the new scale is analyzed and discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra C Kleinschmitt.pdf: 1716732 bytes, checksum: e8f8b01c3b62129ddcc186836f7688b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The central objective of this research was to analyze the spatial distribution of homicides in the state of Paraná, over the years 2001 and 2005 and the relationship between this phenomenon and socioeconomic, demographic and urban infrastructure variables as well. The method of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) was used to measure the degree of spatial autocorrelation among the studied variables, based on the characteristics of the 399 municipalities in the State of Paraná, presently. Initially, the ESDA was used to check the existence of spatial autocorrelation among the state municipalities considering the homicide rates. The results demonstrated the existence of spatial autocorrelation of homicide rates in the municipalities of Paraná State. When considering the mapping of clusters, there was the indicative of four clusters of High High type- (HH) and four large clusters of low-low type (LL). The highest homicide rates were found in clusters of municipalities located in the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Curitiba, in the North Central Mesoregion, West Mesoregion, and in a number of municipalities from Center South, Center West, West and Southwest Mesoregions. The clusters of type LL were in the Northwest and in the Central North Mesoregion, and Pioneiro North and Southwest Mesoregion. The common manifestations of variables in the four clusters of HH type were: the high average of residents per home (ARH), the high number of head of family without income, low number of kindergartens, low number of cultural facilities, low number of people over 60 years and the low incidence of infant mortality. The other tested variables autocorrelated in the cities with the rates of murder, but according to their particular regions. The exception was the variables: water supply and sewerage, per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and head of family over 15 years literate, not significant, at a 5% significance. / O objetivo central desta pesquisa é analisar a distribuição espacial dos homicídios no Estado do Paraná, entre os anos 2001 e 2005, e a relação entre este fenômeno e as variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e de infraestrutura urbana. O método de Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) foi utilizado para medir o grau de autocorrelação espacial entre as variáveis estudadas, a partir das características dos 399 municípios existentes no Estado do Paraná, na atualidade. Num primeiro momento utilizou-se a AEDE para verificar a presença de autocorrelação espacial entre os municípios do Estado, considerando as taxas de homicídio. Os resultados demonstraram a existência da autocorrelação espacial das taxas de homicídio entre os municípios paranaenses. Ao considerar os mapas de clusters, verificou-se a presença de quatro grandes clusters do tipo Alto-Alto (AA) e quatro grandes clusters do tipo Baixo-Baixo (BB). As maiores taxas de homicídio foram encontradas nos clusters constituídos por municípios situados na Mesorregião Metropolitana de Curitiba, na Mesorregião Norte Central, na Mesorregião Oeste e num conjunto de municípios das Mesorregiões Centro-Sul, Centro-Ocidental, Oeste e Sudoeste. Os clusters do tipo BB constituíram-se nas Mesorregiões Noroeste e Norte Central, na Mesorregião Norte Pioneiro e na Mesorregião Sudoeste. As manifestações comuns das variáveis nos quatro clusters do tipo AA, foram: a alta média de moradores por domicílio (MMD), a alta presença de chefes de família sem renda, a baixa presença de creches, a baixa presença de equipamentos culturais, a baixa presença de população com mais de 60 anos e a baixa incidência de mortalidade infantil. As outras variáveis testadas se autocorrelacionaram nos municípios com as taxas de homicídio, mas de acordo com suas particularidades regionais.