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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Fluxes from the reduction of a gauge theory on a squashed three-sphere

Lundin, Jim January 2021 (has links)
We present the supersymmetry and localization of an N=2 theory on S3b along with that of an N=(2,2) theory on S2. Performing the dimensional reduction of the theory on S3b produces a theory on S2 with no flux-sectors. A re-evaluated version of twisted reduction is applied on the level of the S3b partition function, arguing for a splitting of the partition function into pieces. The splitting produces flux-like sectors correspondent to the S2 theory but holds the potential for superfluous sectors. An argument interpreting these sectors as true flux is given and utilized to remove superfluous sectors due to topological restrictions on S2. The final result is a method which gives a bijective mapping ZS3b to ZS2 . / Vi utför konstruktionen av två supersymmetriska teorier på en deformerad 3-sfär samt en 2-sfär. Den utökade symmetrin tillåter oss att använda en lokaliseringsmetod för att reducera partitionsfunktionerna till ändligt-dimensionella integraler. På 2-sfären finner vi diskreta konfigurationer vars tolkning vi vill finna i konstruktionen på 3-sfären. Vi utför en dimensionell reduktion ifrån 3-sfären till 2-sfären och finner en ekvivalens som saknar dessa konfigurationer. Som substitut presenteras en metod där integralen delas upp i delar som kan tolkas att vara ekvivalenta med de avsaknade diskreta konfigurationerna. Slutligen framförs ett argument för vilka delar av integralen som kan existera på 2-sfären och resterande delar avfärdas. Resultatet är en exakt avbilding mellan partitionsfunktionerna.
2

Transversal Construction of Topological Gates on Multiqubit Quantum Codes

Chauwinoir, Sheila January 2022 (has links)
We study the possibility of constructing quantum gates using topological phases, which originate from local SU(2) evolution of entangled multiqubit systems. For this purpose, logical codewords using two-, three- and nine-qubit entangled states are defined and possible implementations of topological gates on these codes, are examined. For two-qubit systems, it is shown that for only two of the Pauli gates, a topological implementation is possible, the third must be non-topological. Furthermore, it is shown that a topological implementation of Hadamard gate is also possible on the two-qubit code. For the three-qubit code, the logical Pauli gates are found to be topologically implementable and a topological implementation of the logical S gate seems to be possible as well. Lastly, for the nine-qubit code, the logical Pauli gates, the logical S gate and the logical T gate are shown to be implementable topologically on the code. It remains an open question whether topological implementation of logical Hadamard gate by invertible local operators is possible on the nine-qubit code.
3

[en] ADAPTATIVE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION BASED ON POLARIZATION MODULATION: ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL COHERENT SYSTEMS / [pt] COMUNICAÇÃO ÓPTICA ADAPTATIVA BASEADA EM MODULAÇÃO DE POLARIZAÇÃO: ANÁLISE DE SISTEMAS DIGITAIS COERENTES

FERNANDO ALVES RODRIGUES 21 December 2020 (has links)
[pt] A comunicação por fibras ópticas utiliza diversos modelos herdados dos sistemas de telecomunicações tradicionais. Recentemente, a necessidade de maior controle sobre o fluxo de dados tem atraído muita atenção para as vantagens da comunicação óptica adaptativa. Num sistema de comunicação adaptativo, o fluxo de dados pode ser alterado em função de variações na qualidade do canal ou simplesmente pela necessidade de racionalizar a utilização dos recursos disponíveis. A interoperação entre redes pressiona pela necessidade de uma rede elástica e a expectativa é que este tipo de rede permita o controle sobre vários níveis da estrutura de comunicação. Nesta tese, a análise deste tema se concentra na camada física da rede óptica, em que a elasticidade pode ser obtida através de diferentes técnicas de modulação e multiplexação. A camada física de uma rede óptica adaptativa deve responder a variações e restrições do meio de transmissão. O consumo de energia, por exemplo, é um requisito cada vez mais presente nos projetos das redes de comunicação e a relevância deste requisito tende a aumentar na medida em que as redes ópticas aumentam sua capilaridade. O principal objetivo desta tese é analisar uma solução de comunicação óptica adaptativa que atenda aos requisitos básicos de uma rede elástica. O sistema de comunicação em análise é baseado em modulações realizadas no espaço de sinais de quatro dimensões, também conhecidas como modulações 4D. A perspectiva adotada privilegia a polarização da portadora óptica. A vantagem em adotar esta perspectiva, reside no fato de que ela permite a construção de modulações multidimensionais utilizando os fibrados de Hopf. Conforme será observado, o uso dos fibrados de Hopf em conjunto com o conceito matemático denominado vértice embutido de politopos, potencializa as soluções de engenharia para o problema da comunicação óptica adaptativa. / [en] Fiber-optic communications use several models inherited from traditional telecommunications systems. Recently, the need to improve the control over the data flow has attracted attention to the advantages of adaptive optical communication. In adaptive systems, the data flow can be altered due to changes in the channel quality or simply to rationalize the use of available resources. Interoperation between networks further presses on the need for an elastic network and the expectation is that this type of network will allow control over various levels of the communication structure. In this thesis, the analysis of this theme focuses on the physical layer of the optical network, where elasticity can be obtained through different modulation and multiplexing techniques. The physical layer of an adaptive optical network must respond to variations and restrictions of the transmission medium. Energy consumption, for example, is a requirement that is increasingly present in communication network projects and the relevance of this requirement tends to increase as optical networks expands in capillarity. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze an adaptive optical communication solution that meets the basic requirements of an elastic network. The communication system under analysis is based on the four-dimensional signal space modulations, also known as 4D modulations. The perspective adopted favors the polarization of the optical carrier. The advantage in adopting this perspective resides in the fact that it allows the construction of multidimensional modulations using Hopf bundles. As will be observed, the use of Hopf bundles in conjunction with the mathematical concept called embedded vertex polytopes, improves the engineering solutions to the problem of adaptive optical communication.

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