Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1931. / Without thesis note. Bibliography: p. 245-247.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1977.

Most studies on unions have concentrated on examining the union impact on wages. This thesis, in two essays, examines the union impact on wages, hours, earnings and employment, particularly focussing on the union impact on hours of work. The first essay summarizes previous theoretical union models which normally assume fixed hours of work and extends them so that hours as well as wages and employment can be determined by collective bargaining. Three kinds of union models are employed to examine union impacts on hours as well as union impacts on wages and employment: the monopoly union model (Oswald [1982]), the right to manage model (Nickell [1981]; Nickell and Andrews [1983]) and the efficient contracts model (McDonald and Solow [1980]). The predicted union impact on hours and employment is found to be ambiguous while the union impact on wages is found to be positive. The second essay is concerned with estimating union-nonunion wage, hours and earn ings differentials. Using the 1990 Labour Market Activity Survey, this essay finds that (1) union-nonunion hours differentials are ambiguous for males, but they are positive for females, (2) employers in the union sector extract more hours from more able workers and this contributes greatly to the positive union-nonunion hours differential and (3) union-nonunion hours differentials are smaller for males than for females and as a result, union-nonunion earnings differentials are larger for females than for males. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

Orientador: José Dari Krein / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T00:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rao_EduardoMartins_M.pdf: 2509306 bytes, checksum: ab97b12d4dcae507b76a46330529f758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Ao longo das duas últimas décadas, o Brasil assistiu a mudanças expressivas em relação ao tempo de trabalho. Através da realização de nosso estudo foi possível constatar a existência de três padrões do tempo de trabalho no Brasil, que revelam dois momentos distintos: um primeiro, delimitado entre 1992-1998 e entre 1999-2003, onde se verifica um processo de alongamento das horas trabalhadas acompanhado pela exacerbação da flexibilização e da intensificação da jornada de trabalho e, um segundo, ocorrido entre 2004-2009, em que a duração do trabalho sugere um movimento de maior padronização da jornada de trabalho de acordo com a legislação laboral. Na realidade, este último padrão representa um marco na história do tempo de trabalho no Brasil, mas que exige certa cautela em sua análise, uma vez que continuaram a se ampliar os mecanismos de flexibilização e intensificação utilizados pelas empresas / Abstract: Over the last two decades, Brazil has witnessed significant changes in relation to working time. By performing our work, we determined the existence of three patterns of working time in Brazil, which reveal two distinct periods: the first, delimited between 1992-1998 and between 1999-2003, where there is a process of elongation the hours worked accompanied by exacerbation of flexibility and the intensification of the working day and a second occurred between 2004-2009, where the duration of the work suggests a movement of greater standardization of working day of according to the labor law. Indeed, the latter pattern represents a boundary in the history of working time in Brazil, but that requires some caution in his analysis, since continued to expand the flexibility and intensification mechanisms used by companies / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

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published_or_final_version / Mathematics / Master / Master of Philosophy

Shift work is becoming increasingly prevalent in our society, with 17% of the full-time work force and 36% of the part-time work force working non-standard shifts (Beers, 2000). The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between several shift work variables and retention of employees working in a retail organization that is open 24-hours a day. Results indicated no significant differences between workers in fixed versus mixed shift schedules on job satisfaction or role stress. Contrary to my hypothesis, mixed shift workers reported higher levels of commitment and remained with the organization longer than fixed shift workers. As predicted, night shift workers reported lower levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment than evening workers. However contrary to predictions, there were no significant differences between morning and night shift workers. Supervisor support did not moderate the relationship between shift work and commitment, satisfaction, or role stress. However is was a significant moderator of the relationship between day versus evening shift and role stress, with individuals working evening shifts and perceiving high levels of supervisor support remaining with the organization the longest.

The effect of changes in employment hours on changes in household task hours was studied. Data were used from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) waves one and two. Wave one was a probability sample of 13,017 age 19 and older in the United States who were interviewed in person in 1987-88. Wave two consisted of the original NSFH sample who were reinterviewed five years later in 1992-94. A subsample of 1233 men and women was created by selecting employed men and women who were continuously married to the same spouse, lived in the same household, and had a least one biological child under 18 living in the household at wave one and wave two. After controlling for age in years, education in years, race, wage rate, and age of youngest child, the subsample was used to determine if changes in employment hours caused changes in household task hours. Household task hours were categorized by feminine, masculine, and neutral, as well as total household task hours. Lag regression analysis without gender interaction effects found that a one hour increase in employment hours caused a sixteen minute decrease in total household tasks hours, a twelve minute decrease in feminine household task hours, and a two minute decrease in neutral household tasks among married men and women with children. Lag regression analysis with gender interaction effects found that a one hour increase in employment hours caused a sixteen minute decrease in total household tasks hours and a fourteen minute decrease for married women with children only. No statistically significant relationship between changes in employment hours and changes in any category of household tasks hours was found for married men with children when gender interactions were controlled. The results of this study supports the interaction of time availability and gender in explaining changes in household tasks hours. / Graduation date: 2001

published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health