Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2003. / Advisor: Peter J. Kuhn. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Göttingen, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-283).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841016.pdf: 1373684 bytes, checksum: 098aedef36d874609bbf2f252d4e64bd (MD5) / Eventos adversos (EAs) têm sido amplamente utilizados como instrumento de avaliação de qualidade da assistência à saúde, pois oferecem a possibilidade de acompanhamento e comparações ao longo do tempo. A carga de trabalho da enfermagem, assim como a gravidade do paciente podem estar relacionadas à incidência de EAs. Em vista disto, este estudo teve por objetivo identificar a incidência dos EAs e relacioná-la à gravidade do paciente e à carga de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem, em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) do interior paulista. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo exploratório, prospectivo de análise descritiva. A amostra constitui-se por 138 sujeitos. Os dados foram coletados em um hospital universitário do interior paulista, nos meses de junho e julho de 2014, por meio dos instrumentos SAPS 3, aplicado na primeira hora de internação, e NAS por meio de participação em visitas clínicas, passagem de plantão e leituras de prontuários. Para o registro de EAs criou-se uma planilha de coleta de dados própria, com base no Manual de Indicadores de Enfermagem publicado pelo Programa de Compromisso em Qualidade Hospitalar, aplicáveis à UTI. Excluiu-se do estudo pacientes que permaneceram por tempo inferior a 24 horas e aqueles readmitidos. A aprovação do estudo pelo Comitê de Ética tem o número CAEE 26365014600005411. Do total de 138 sujeitos, a idade média foi de 58,8 anos, sendo 58% do sexo masculino. No período do estudo houve 166 EAs, dos quais 15 estavam relacionados a erros de medicação e 151 aos demais tipos de EAs, sendo 29,5% relacionados à úlceras por pressão, 29,8% relacionados às lesões de pele, seguidos de 21,9% de saída não planejada de sonda oro/nasogastro-enteral. A média de gravidade avaliada pelo SAPS 3, foi de 62,6 pontos e carga de trabalho de enfermagem média, em 800 verificações, obteve índice de 66,8%. A relação entre a incidência de EAs e a gravidade do paciente... / Adverse events (AEs) have been widely used as a quality assessment tool of health care as they offer the possibility of monitoring and comparisons over time. The nursing workload, as well as the severity of the patients' disease may be related to the incidence of AEs. Thus, this study aimed to identify the incidence of AEs and relate it to the severity of the patients' disease and to the workload of the nursing staff in an intensive care unit (ICU) in Sao Paulo. This is an exploratory quantitative study where it was conducted a prospective descriptive analysis. The sample consists of 138 subjects. The data were collected at a University hospital in a city in the interior of Sao Paulo in the period of June and July of 2014, using the instruments SAPS 3, applied to the first hour of hospitalization, and NAS through clinical visits, on duty passages and medical records. To record the AEs, it was created a data collection worksheet based on the Nursing Indicators Manual published by the Commitment Program in Hospital Quality applicable to the ICU. The patients who stayed less than 24 hours in the hospital and those who were readmitted were excluded from the study. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee under the number CAEE 26365014600005411. On a total of 138 subjects, average age of 58.8 years old, 58% were male. During the study, there were 166 AEs in which 15 were related to medication errors and 151 to other types of AEs, 29.5% were related to pressure ulcers, 29.8% related to skin lesions, followed by 21.9% unplanned removal of the feeding tube. The average severity assessed by the SAPS 3 was 62.6%, and the average nursing workload in 800 checks was 66.8%. The ratio between incidence and severity of AEs patients was directly significant, while the nursing workload was conversely significant; demonstrating that the higher the nursing work-load, less incidence of AEs will exist. We conclude that the incidence of AEs and the ...

Orientador: Magda Cristina Queiroz Dell'Acqua / Banca: Wilza Carla Spiri / Banca: Cleide da Silva Demoro Mondini / Resumo: Eventos adversos (EAs) têm sido amplamente utilizados como instrumento de avaliação de qualidade da assistência à saúde, pois oferecem a possibilidade de acompanhamento e comparações ao longo do tempo. A carga de trabalho da enfermagem, assim como a gravidade do paciente podem estar relacionadas à incidência de EAs. Em vista disto, este estudo teve por objetivo identificar a incidência dos EAs e relacioná-la à gravidade do paciente e à carga de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem, em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) do interior paulista. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo exploratório, prospectivo de análise descritiva. A amostra constitui-se por 138 sujeitos. Os dados foram coletados em um hospital universitário do interior paulista, nos meses de junho e julho de 2014, por meio dos instrumentos SAPS 3, aplicado na primeira hora de internação, e NAS por meio de participação em visitas clínicas, passagem de plantão e leituras de prontuários. Para o registro de EAs criou-se uma planilha de coleta de dados própria, com base no Manual de Indicadores de Enfermagem publicado pelo Programa de Compromisso em Qualidade Hospitalar, aplicáveis à UTI. Excluiu-se do estudo pacientes que permaneceram por tempo inferior a 24 horas e aqueles readmitidos. A aprovação do estudo pelo Comitê de Ética tem o número CAEE 26365014600005411. Do total de 138 sujeitos, a idade média foi de 58,8 anos, sendo 58% do sexo masculino. No período do estudo houve 166 EAs, dos quais 15 estavam relacionados a erros de medicação e 151 aos demais tipos de EAs, sendo 29,5% relacionados à úlceras por pressão, 29,8% relacionados às lesões de pele, seguidos de 21,9% de saída não planejada de sonda oro/nasogastro-enteral. A média de gravidade avaliada pelo SAPS 3, foi de 62,6 pontos e carga de trabalho de enfermagem média, em 800 verificações, obteve índice de 66,8%. A relação entre a incidência de EAs e a gravidade do paciente... / Abstract: Adverse events (AEs) have been widely used as a quality assessment tool of health care as they offer the possibility of monitoring and comparisons over time. The nursing workload, as well as the severity of the patients' disease may be related to the incidence of AEs. Thus, this study aimed to identify the incidence of AEs and relate it to the severity of the patients' disease and to the workload of the nursing staff in an intensive care unit (ICU) in Sao Paulo. This is an exploratory quantitative study where it was conducted a prospective descriptive analysis. The sample consists of 138 subjects. The data were collected at a University hospital in a city in the interior of Sao Paulo in the period of June and July of 2014, using the instruments SAPS 3, applied to the first hour of hospitalization, and NAS through clinical visits, on duty passages and medical records. To record the AEs, it was created a data collection worksheet based on the Nursing Indicators Manual published by the Commitment Program in Hospital Quality applicable to the ICU. The patients who stayed less than 24 hours in the hospital and those who were readmitted were excluded from the study. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee under the number CAEE 26365014600005411. On a total of 138 subjects, average age of 58.8 years old, 58% were male. During the study, there were 166 AEs in which 15 were related to medication errors and 151 to other types of AEs, 29.5% were related to pressure ulcers, 29.8% related to skin lesions, followed by 21.9% unplanned removal of the feeding tube. The average severity assessed by the SAPS 3 was 62.6%, and the average nursing workload in 800 checks was 66.8%. The ratio between incidence and severity of AEs patients was directly significant, while the nursing workload was conversely significant; demonstrating that the higher the nursing work-load, less incidence of AEs will exist. We conclude that the incidence of AEs and the ... / Mestre

Orientador: Claudio Salvadori Dedecca / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T22:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calvete_CassiodaSilva_D.pdf: 716978 bytes, checksum: bcfb9daca77a7a8c843924074174170a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A tese faz uma análise econômica da Redução da Jornada de Trabalho (RJT) para o Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizada uma investigação sobre as condições da economia brasileira em assimila-la como política pública. Também foram analisados, através de um modelo econômico, o potencial dessa política como efeito multiplicador na economia e as conseqüências na geração de postos de trabalho, na massa salarial, na demanda agregada e na produção. Inicialmente, quatro questões polêmicas são examinadas, observando as particularidades existentes no País. A primeira refere-se à capacidade da RJT gerar novos postos de trabalho e de exercer um efeito multiplicador no crescimento econômico. A segunda trata da existência, ou não, de um trade-off, mediado pela jornada, entre emprego e salário. A terceira questão investiga as razões que motivariam o movimento sindical de países em desenvolvimento a lutar pela RJT, com os salários sendo tão baixos e com a constante ameaça de desemprego. E, finalmente, examina as dificuldades adicionais do Brasil para implantar a RJT e se elas são capazes de tornar sem efeito prático a adoção dessa política pública com o fim de gerar novos postos de trabalho. Posteriormente, o estudo detém-se na apreciação dos argumentos contrários à RJT, sendo os principais: a incapacidade das empresas de arcarem com o aumento de custo; a diminuição da competitividade da indústria nacional; e, no caso brasileiro, a ameaça da pressão inflacionária. O estudo conclui que a RJT não pode ser transformada numa panacéia para o combate ao desemprego; que ela pode, sim, ser um instrumento útil, se adotado em período de crescimento econômico e acompanhada de outras medidas que potencializem seus resultados; que, atualmente, seria importante para a geração de novos postos de trabalho que ela fosse significativa e acompanhada de maior limitação da utilização de horas extras, maior controle sobre a intensidade do trabalho, regras mais rígidas no banco de horas, melhoria na fiscalização pelas delegacias regionais do trabalho e maiores restrições às contratações atípicas / Abstract: The present work undertakes economical analyses of work time reduction (WTR) in Brazil. For that purpose, an investigation is made on the Brazilian economical conditions to assimilate WTR as a public policy. A macroeconomic model was used to analyze the potential of such policy to exert a multiplying effect in the economy, along with the consequences on job generation, salary impact, aggregate demand, and production. At first four polemic issues are examined by observing the particularities of the country. The first issue concerns the capacity of WTR to generate new jobs and to have a multiplying effect in economical growth. The second regards whether there is a trade-off, mediated by work time, jobs and salary. The third issue investigates the reasons which could cause the trade unions of developing countries to fight for WTR, even when wages are low and with a constant threat of unemployment. Finally, the fourt issue concerns the additional difficulties Brazil faces to enforce WTR, and whether such difficulties are bound to neutralize the adoption of this public policy. Moreover, this study focuses on the appreciation of arguments contrary to the WTR, which are: the impossibility of companies to tackle the increase in their costs; the decrease of competitivity of national industries; and the threat of a boom in inflation. The results indicate that WTR cannot be made into a panacea to fight unemployment; rather, it can be a useful tool if it is used, along with other measures which can potentialize its results, in a period of economic growth. Moreover, it would be important for it to generate new jobs if it were coupled by a major limitation in the use of extra time, as well as by stricter rules in the bank of hours. Finally, an improvement in the enforcement of WTR in the Labour Councils and higher constraints to the hiring of atypical hiring of workforce can also contribute for the success of adopting such a measure / Doutorado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Doutor em Economia Aplicada

This study investigates a broad range of factors which might be thought to influence the employment earnings of Canadian males. Micro-data drawn from the 1971 census are analysed, using as a frame of reference the human-capital model derived, and implemented for the United States, by Jacob Mincer. Opening discussion furnishes a detailed critique of the model itself, and of the auxiliary hypotheses required to make it perform empirically. Particular emphasis is laid upon the implicit assumption of perpetual long-run equilibrium and upon the neglect of variables arising on the demand side of the labour market. Generally, it is argued that although the human-capital paradigm may serve as a framework for empirical description, it is inadequate as a scientific theory because it fails to generate a wide array of hypotheses which are clearly susceptible to falsification. Earnings functions are estimated by ordinary least squares for a sample of almost 23,000 out-of-school males who worked, mainly in the private sector, at some time during 1970. Results yielded for Canada by the human-capital specification are compared with those reported by Mincer. The regressions are then expanded to include variables such as industry, region, and occupation, together with other personal attributes. These are found to rival the importance of the orthodox human-capital variables. Contrary to United States results, the elasticity of earnings with respect to weeks (or hours) worked is less than unity. In light of recent analyses which make human-capital investment and labour supply objects of simultaneous decision within a life-cycle context, further investigation is carried out using a simplified, two-equation, linear model in which earnings and hours are both endogenous. Estimates performed by the method of three-stage least squares indicate an elasticity of earnings with respect to hours considerably in excess of unity. However, within particular regional and industrial categories, wages and hours tend to be offsetting. Schooling coefficients, or "rates of return," fall in the 5.25-6.50% range. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

The rise of on-demand platform work typified by Uber has intensified a decades-long trend away from standard work relationships and toward contingent work structures, characterized by the unbounding of work in space and time. Yet many workers have always toiled outside of a traditional workplace and “standard” schedule. My dissertation examines how contingent workers in four different industries navigate unstable work schedules across unsettled work geographies, drawing on 120 interviews with agricultural and oil and gas workers in Texas and on-demand delivery workers and university adjuncts in New York City. Across these “old” and “new” cases of contingent work performed across rural and urban landscapes, work processes restructure space and time in such a way that workers do not know when, for how long, or where they will have work. I call this temporal and spatial instability positional uncertainty – repurposing an oilfield term for the inability to pinpoint precisely where one is at any given moment in the drilling process. The experience of positional uncertainty forces workers to subordinate the rhythms and geographies of their own lives to the temporal and spatial imperatives of their respective labor processes, leading to time struggle (unpaid periods of waiting or “zombie time” and overwork) and challenges in space (related to the bifurcation or unbounding, respectively, of the spaces of work and home). Workers respond, first, by doing boundary work, and second, by telling both critical and anchoring stories in attempts to bring coherence and meaning to the day-to-day and the long-term. The dissertation highlights the integral role of time and space in structuring social life, the active maneuvers by which workers struggle to re-configure time and space to produce coherence and make a life for themselves, and the short- and long-term costs of the transfer of risk onto workers through positional uncertainty. The strategic comparison reveals parallel strategies across disparate cases in response to the warping of time and space and illuminates how positional uncertainty exacerbates deep-set structural inequalities.

The present rate of fossil fuel burning, the main source of commercial energy, is adversely impacting global climate. Present social and economic practices need to be examined to question their level of energy use and related greenhouse gas emission. Energy used to operate buildings and to transport people is a significant portion of the total energy consumption and reductions in these uses will be crucial to addressing the global issues. This thesis examines the potential for energy use reduction in the performance of office work through the use of Alternative Work Arrangements ("AWAs"). The analysis considers the operating energy of an office building, operating energy of alternative work locations and the transportation energy spent by employees in commuting from home to work. A brief synopsis of the present atmospheric, energy use and workplace trend is presented. The synthesis of these trends is used as a framework to evaluate the impact of AWAs. The work arrangements in the Burnaby Fraser Tax Services Office ('BFTSO'), Surrey, BC are used as a case study to analyze the operating and commuting energy spent by the employees working by different arrangements. Telework is found to be the most energy efficient work arrangement implemented at the BFTSO. Under optimum operating conditions, net energy saving per teleworker can be 34.06 GJ per annum. Net savings in greenhouse gas emission per teleworker can be 1950 kg per annum. For hoteling work arrangement, net energy savings per hoteling employee under optimum conditions can be 32 GJ per annum. Related savings in greenhouse gas emissions can be 1532 kg per annum. The proportion of total operating and total commuting energy for the BFTSO is almost equal. However, the greenhouse gas emission from total commuting energy is three times that from operating energy due to differences in carbon intensity of the fuel mix. Under optimum conditions the implementation of AWAs at the BFTSO can result in 36 percent saving in total operating energy and 43 percent saving in total commuting energy. The magnitude of the savings is location dependent due to differences in climate, fuel mix and transportation patterns. Alternative Work Arrangements have mixed social impact. It can improve the ability of employees to balance their personal and professional life. It can also lead to isolation that can adversely impact morale and work output. The participation rate in AWAs within organizations is currently low, less than 2 percent. However, the implementation of AWA is widespread with most organizations using some form of AWA. To increase the participation rate in AWAs, a comprehensive approach needs to be adopted, considering the professional, personal, economic and social impact of AWAs. Government intervention through supporting regulations and incentives can be a strong catalyst for increasing participation rates in AWAs.

The present rate of fossil fuel burning, the main source of commercial energy, is adversely impacting global climate. Present social and economic practices need to be examined to question their level of energy use and related greenhouse gas emission. Energy used to operate buildings and to transport people is a significant portion of the total energy consumption and reductions in these uses will be crucial to addressing the global issues. This thesis examines the potential for energy use reduction in the performance of office work through the use of Alternative Work Arrangements ("AWAs"). The analysis considers the operating energy of an office building, operating energy of alternative work locations and the transportation energy spent by employees in commuting from home to work. A brief synopsis of the present atmospheric, energy use and workplace trend is presented. The synthesis of these trends is used as a framework to evaluate the impact of AWAs. The work arrangements in the Burnaby Fraser Tax Services Office ('BFTSO'), Surrey, BC are used as a case study to analyze the operating and commuting energy spent by the employees working by different arrangements. Telework is found to be the most energy efficient work arrangement implemented at the BFTSO. Under optimum operating conditions, net energy saving per teleworker can be 34.06 GJ per annum. Net savings in greenhouse gas emission per teleworker can be 1950 kg per annum. For hoteling work arrangement, net energy savings per hoteling employee under optimum conditions can be 32 GJ per annum. Related savings in greenhouse gas emissions can be 1532 kg per annum. The proportion of total operating and total commuting energy for the BFTSO is almost equal. However, the greenhouse gas emission from total commuting energy is three times that from operating energy due to differences in carbon intensity of the fuel mix. Under optimum conditions the implementation of AWAs at the BFTSO can result in 36 percent saving in total operating energy and 43 percent saving in total commuting energy. The magnitude of the savings is location dependent due to differences in climate, fuel mix and transportation patterns. Alternative Work Arrangements have mixed social impact. It can improve the ability of employees to balance their personal and professional life. It can also lead to isolation that can adversely impact morale and work output. The participation rate in AWAs within organizations is currently low, less than 2 percent. However, the implementation of AWA is widespread with most organizations using some form of AWA. To increase the participation rate in AWAs, a comprehensive approach needs to be adopted, considering the professional, personal, economic and social impact of AWAs. Government intervention through supporting regulations and incentives can be a strong catalyst for increasing participation rates in AWAs. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

<p align="justify">In the context of a society in which there is an urgent need to create jobs, this research considers, firstly, whether the current labour regulatory environment is flexible enough to allow for an employment scenario that is conducive to job creation. The research then considers what is meant by the policy of &lsquo / regulated flexibility&rsquo / and considers how flexibility operates in practice at NBC level. It is argued that the concept of flexibility is a misnomer &ndash / since it creates more problems than it solves. The research concludes with a call for real flexibility that will allow for increased investment and a greater supply of jobs.</p>