A field study of the feasibility and the performance of a sustainable drainage technique combined with a renewable energy device to provide heating in a domestic setting was carried out from March 2008 to November 2010 to acquire practical data about the system’s operation. Among all the sustainable drainage techniques, permeable pavement system (PPS) was selected to be applied in this project since this particular technique can be used for driveways and car-parking hard standings, but more specially they can be designed as a tanked system whereby an impermeable membrane is installed at the bottom of the tank in order to hold the rainwater collected as runoff from hard areas and roofs before releasing it in a controlled manner. The renewable energy device applied in this study is a ground source heat pump system (GSHP), which has been found in previous studies to provide a better performance when installed in wet conditions. Based on this, the PPS and the GSHP with horizontal ground heat exchanger (GHE) were integrated in a 350mm deep reservoir under ‘real life’ conditins. The combined system operated in heating mode in a family–sized, three bedrooms detached EcoHouse at the Building Research Establishment Innovation Park, Watford, UK. Monitoring the combined system included taking measurements of the temperature of the conditioned space, the ground around the PPS/GSHP system, and of the ambient air every 10 minutes. Assessing the performance of the PPS/GSHP system involved investigating the effect of extracting heat via the GHE on the ground temperature, the impact of the PPS/GSHP on the thermal profile of the air above the surface of the reservoir, and computing the PPS/GSHP coefficient of performance (CoP). The thesis includes information about the design of the PPS/GSHP system including the structure of the sub-base, types and size of the used aggregate and stone, the depth of the excavated reservoir amongst others, also the technical problems that materialized, largely due to the fact that the PPS/GSHP was installed and operating under real-life circumstances. Results obtained from the study provided evidence for the workability of the combined system in regards of stormwater management and of providing heat to the EcoHouse. However, monitoring the rainwater stored in the reservoir showed that, due to leakage, the top part of the buried coil was not covered with water. The monitoring also revealed that the rainwater surrounding parts of the coil was, in severe weather, frozen. Moreover, highly significant correlations (p<0.01) were calculated for the ambient air and the ground temperature relationships with the CoP. All of these factors resulted in a 1.8 coefficient of performance being obtained. This low figure was related to the shallow depth of the reservoir since it became clear that its ground temperature was greatly influenced by the ambient air temperature. The study also revealed that the evaporation process was prevented from occurring due to the Inbitex™ composite layer, as a result there was no significant effect on cooling the thermal profile of the air near the surface of the pavement. Furthermore, it was concluded that continuous heat extraction from the ground contributed to an underground temperature drop.

Självförsörjande småhus gör att beroendet av de kommunala näten försvinner ochflexibiliteten ökar. Det finns fortfarande stor potential till utveckling av tekniska lösningaräven om mycket teknik redan finns på marknaden för exempelvis elproduktion,säsongslagring, uppvärmning, vatten och avlopps samt ventilation. Helt förnybaraenergikällor behöver prioriteras och en övergång till dessa kräver en förändring ibeteendemönster och mer energieffektivt byggande för att minska energianvändningen.Vid utformning av självförsörjande hus kan med fördel solen användas vilket kan påverkaorientering och taklutning. Ytterligare aspekter som kan tas hänsyn till är valet avbyggnadsmaterial, teknikutrymme, klimatskalets uppbyggnad och dispositionen avplanlösningen. / Self-sufficient small housing makes the dependence of the municipal sustentation to minimizeand the flexibility increases. There is still a high potential for developing technical solutionseven though a lot of the technology already exists on the market regarding for examplesolutions for energy production, seasonal storage, heating, water supply, draining system andventilation. Renewable energy sources need to priorities and a transition to 100 % renewableenergy require a change in pattern of behavior and more energy efficient buildings to lowerthe consumption. When designing self-sufficient houses, the sun is a good source for both energy and heatingwhich can have an impact on the orientation of the building and the slope of the roof. Otheraspects to consider can be the choice of building material, technical space, the climate shelland the disposition of the plan.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5052.pdf: 4854894 bytes, checksum: 1d6892bc78dc1e2add81a7801106b168 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-01 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This research purposed to identify, classify and analyze the technologies and raw materials used in low-income housing, as aid for the definition and implementation of a housing policy that can be incorporated sustainability principles and guidelines. The object of empirical study it's Guinea Bissau, in particular Bissau the main town of the country that is located in West Africa and it has one of the world's lowest Human Development Index HDI . Among the various dimensions that make up sustainability, it was decided to prioritize research in environmental and cultural dimensions, considering the country's social and environmental peculiarities. At the start, warned understanding deeply variables and their parameters that characterize a condition of greater sustainability, always focusing on the specific location. At the same mode, it was made a qualitatively and quantitative survey of technologies and materials usually employed in construction for housing, following, it was held a mutual comparison between those variables, parameters and the information collected about the technologies adopted. Together with the scientific aspect, this research aims also to contribute with technological guidelines for structuring a sustainable housing policy of social interest to Guinea Bissau. / Esta pesquisa se visou identificar, classificar e analisar as tecnologias e matérias-primas empregadas nas habitações populares, como subsídio para a definição e implementação de uma política habitacional que incorpore princípios e diretrizes da sustentabilidade. Tem como objeto empírico de estudo Guiné-Bissau, em especial, cidade de Bissau, capital da Guiné-Bissau, país situado na África Ocidental e que apresenta um dos IDH Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano mais baixo do mundo. Dentre as diversas dimensões que compõem a sustentabilidade, se optou a priorizar a pesquisa nas suas dimensões ambiental e cultural, considerando a peculiaridades socioambientais daquele país. Inicialmente, se preveniu aprofundar o entendimento das variáveis e dos respectivos parâmetros que caracterizem uma condição de maior sustentabilidade, sempre com foco no local específico. Paralelamente foi feito um levantamento quali-quantitativo das tecnologias e dos materiais usualmente empregados na construção civil de habitações, na sequência, se realizou cotejamento entre aquelas variáveis e parâmetros e as informações coletadas sobre as tecnologias adotadas. Em conjunto com o aspecto científico, essa pesquisa se propõe, também, a contribuir com diretrizes tecnológicas para estruturação de uma política habitacional sustentável de interesse social para Guiné-Bissau.

Human efforts to increase their comfort rise in density of population in congested city areas, rapid growth of traffic and electric smog created due to constantly transforming communication technologies all resulted in an increase of stress in the immediate human environment. All of this, along with frequent reports about changes in global climate, gradually contributes to an alteration of thinking of the whole society, which is forced to face the consequences of economic damages caused by climatic changes. If we want to tenably assert adequate economic and social living conditions, we have to approach the natural environment in a more profound way. In accordance with the trend of substantional development for the purpose of enhancement of the quality of the living environment in the field of building industry, it is logical to concentrate on buildings, which are conceptually focused on saving of the energy. That is on energy-efficient houses. Pathway to sustainable building is not based on discovering one or several multipurpose technological solutions, but on usage of new designing principles, new materials and methods of processing them as well as new techniques of construction. For an effective creation of a building concept it is essential to have that kind of device which quickly responds to changes performed on a design, enables an easier work on variants and produces the most accurate results. Consistent application of energy optimizing methods is necessary particularly for designs of energy saving houses. Beginning efficient building design is the most “abstract factor of concept linked with very uncertain inputs,” because a lot of parameters in that moment is still unknown. Many mutually connected factors are invoked during designing passive house e.g. trajectory of the sun and the shielding effect of the surroundings, the aspect of sunlight and interior lighting, power quality construction, etc. Currently, the architect has no choice, he can use only well-known precepts, such as large windows are facing the South not the North. Unfortunately this "empirical formula" for the design of a real passive house is not enough. And yet the first draft of the house is most affected by not only its shape, form, but user´s comfortable, cost, feasibility and future energy behavior of buildings and related operating costs of the house too. It is obvious that this stage should not be underestimated, because “minor variation of the initial inputs greatly influence the outcomes.” With this reasoning, the work focuses on early stage design decision, i.e. the architectural concept of a passive house (an idea, vision). Therefore the aim of this work is to simplify the issue into understandable form, i.e. the creation of relatively simple and illustrative sketches, which generalize the issue satisfactorily, show the individual parameters (glazing, shading, shape, size, etc.) and change need of heat for heating passive house. The results of the work will be useful when the architect picks up the pencil and starts to think about his future house. At this point, he will have on hand sketches, which give him an idea and streamline his further design. Therefore the main goal is to create new outcomes and identify energy behaviour of buildings with a computational tool. This research works with virtual idealized mathematical model in the software PHPP 2007 CZ and uses "phenomenon" of parametric equations and sensitivity analysis.