Chau Tak Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Pioneering Work --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Collective Household Consumption --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Household Production --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Tests between Unitary Model and Collective Model --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5 --- Distribution Factors in Collective Labor Supply --- p.19 / Chapter 2.6 --- Identification of Spousal Leisure --- p.20 / Chapter 2.7 --- Plan of the thesis --- p.21 / Chapter 3 --- Data Descriptions --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Data Collection Process --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data Characteristics --- p.24 / Chapter 4 --- Individual Wage and Labor Supply Equations --- p.30 / Chapter 4.1 --- Individual Wage Equations --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2 --- Individual Labor Supply Equation --- p.36 / Chapter 4.3 --- Conclusion --- p.43 / Chapter 5 --- Collective Household Labor Supply --- p.46 / Chapter 5.1 --- Theoretical Model --- p.47 / Chapter 5.2 --- Parametric Specification --- p.53 / Chapter 5.3 --- Data and Empirical Results --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.64 / Chapter 6 --- Identification of Independent and Spousal Leisure --- p.66 / Chapter 6.1 --- Theoretical Model --- p.67 / Chapter 6.2 --- Parametric Specification --- p.78 / Chapter 6.3 --- Data and Empirical Results --- p.82 / Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.91 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.93 / References --- p.96 / Tables and Appendices --- p.101

Yuk-fai Fong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Review of Related Literature and Motivation of Research / Chapter 2.1 --- "Browning, Bourguignon, Chiappori and Lechene (1994)" --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Chiappori (1992) --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Bourguignon, Browning, Chiappori and Lechene (1993)" --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- Motivation of Research --- p.11 / Chapter 3. --- The Identification of non-assignable consumption / Chapter 3.1 --- Extension from Previous Results --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- An Alternative Approach --- p.18 / Chapter 4. --- Identification in case of Incomplete Observation of Private Expenditure / Chapter 4.1 --- The BBCL Approach --- p.22 / Chapter 4.2 --- An Alternative Approach of Identification --- p.24 / Chapter 4.3 --- Inclusion of Exogenous variables in Sharing Rule: Structural vs. Reduced form --- p.30 / Chapter 4.4 --- Test for Omission of Some Items in the Total Private Expenditure --- p.35 / Chapter 4.5 --- Designation of Nature of Goods- A Remark --- p.36 / Chapter 5. --- Extension to Include Private Leisure as a Choice Variable of Individuals / Chapter 5.1 --- Difficulties in Identification of Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure in a Framework of Free Labor Choice --- p.38 / Chapter 5.2 --- Identification of Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure Without Observation of Private Leisure --- p.41 / Chapter 5.3 --- Identification of Sharing Rule in Structural Form with the Observation of Unearned Incomes --- p.46 / Chapter 6. --- Possibility of Identifying the Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure under Incomplete Observation of Consumption of Commodities --- p.49 / Chapter 6.1 --- Identification of ) --- p.50 / Chapter 7. --- Parametric Examples for Illustration / Chapter 7.1 --- Example I --- p.57 / Chapter 7.2 --- Example II --- p.61 / Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.65 / Appendix --- p.67 / Reference --- p.69

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-130) / Microfiche. / xiii, 130 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

This dissertation looks at models in which agents make decisions under various economic frictions, and examines the role of their preferences. The first two chapters analytically characterize an infinite-horizon open economy under the friction of a stock collateral constraint, whereby borrowing is limited by the value of capital assets available. The model that is considered allows for general subjective discounting of households and fully variable productivity. The third chapter looks at a model of an ambiguity-averse benevolent mediator tasked with choosing a price contract at which a risk neutral buyer and seller transact an indivisible good under the friction of unquantifiable uncertainty of their reservation values. The first chapter establishes that it is possible for households to enjoy the allocation they would obtain absent a stock collateral constraint under a condition that relates to their patience; this condition requires a long-run depression when agents are impatient relative to the market, and allows for an economic expansion when agents are more patient relative to the market. When this condition is not met, households are tightly constrained at least once and experience debt deleveraging in all periods and deflation of asset prices in periods preceding the constrained period relative to their unconstrained allocation. Households also ration their consumption more when they expect to be more tightly constrained in the future. The second chapter is a sequel to the first chapter and shows that under constant output, agents who are impatient relative to the market can face two and three-period cycles in consumption, debt, and asset prices. Further, large initial debt can lead to multiple equilibria. The third chapter considers a mediator who plays a Stackelberg game against Nature to maximize the distributionally worst-case expected weighted Nash product subject to known mean and boundary constraints on buyer and seller reservation values. We study the role of bargaining power and show that relative to what the buyer and seller themselves would choose when equipped with the mediator's information, the mediator's price contract has a shallow dependency on bargaining power, which is only exacerbated by the possibility of dependent buyer and seller values. Comparative statics results are obtained.

Wu, Shunan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-56). / Abstract also in Chinese. / "Collective Labor Supply, Household Production and Intra-household Allocation in Urban China" --- p.i / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / List of Tables --- p.v / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- China´ةs evolving labor market --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Gender earnings gap in the labor market in urban China --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- Male and female labor force participation --- p.7 / Chapter 2.4 --- Intra-household allocation --- p.10 / Chapter 2.5 --- The collective model of labor supply --- p.14 / Chapter III. --- Theoretical model and empirical specification --- p.18 / Chapter IV. --- Data and empirical results --- p.24 / Chapter V. --- Conclusion --- p.43 / Appendix --- p.46 / References --- p.49

Shi Hui. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-34). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Contents / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter 3 --- Theoretical Model and Predictions --- p.7 / Chapter 4 --- Hypotheses Development / Chapter 5 --- Research Methodology / Chapter 5.1 --- Data --- p.15 / Chapter 5.2 --- Variables --- p.16 / Chapter 5.3 --- Regression Models --- p.18 / Chapter 6 --- Empirical Results --- p.21 / Chapter 6.1 --- Individual Housework Time / Chapter 6.2 --- Housework Allocation Within a Family / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.27 / References --- p.31 / Tables --- p.35

Context: The state of poverty in South Africa is a consequence of the country’s racially segregated past. Coping mechanisms to buffer the experience of poverty have been employed by individuals within households (Klasen & Woolard, 2000). One such coping mechanism is that of intergenerational households. Intergenerational households are well established in South Africa, largely seen in Black families, however very few studies have embarked on the outcomes of adolescents belonging to these households such as concurrent school and labour force participation (Aliber, 2003; Edmonds & Pavcnik, 2005). Intergenerational households experience economic strain that may induce children belonging to these households to seek employment, resulting in children not attending school, having uncompleted schooling or concurrently schooling and participating in the labour force. The objectives of the study are to estimate the level of concurrent schooling and labour force participation amongst adolescents in South Africa and determine the association between residing in intergenerational households and concurrent schooling and labour force participation amongst adolescents. Methods: Secondary data from the South African 2010 Survey of Activities of Young People (SAYP) is used with the sample size of 2 650 116 adolescents aged 7-17 years. Three levels of analysis are employed: univariate: frequency and percentage distribution tables, bivariate: Chi-square (? 2) and multivariate: binary logistic regression. Results: Thirty-one percent of adolescents reside in intergenerational households; 18% in multigenerational and 13% in skip-generational households. The study found that 24.08% of adolescents are concurrently schooling and participating in the labour force. The odds of concurrently schooling and participating in the labour force were higher for adolescents residing in intergenerational households. There is thus an association between residing in intergenerational households and concurrent schooling and LFP amongst adolescents in South Africa. Conclusion: Adolescents residing in intergenerational households have higher odds of concurrently schooling and participating in the labour force. It is thus important to focus on the living conditions such as the experience of poverty and household structures to which adolescents belong in order to understand their experiences and obstacles that may potentially hinder efforts made towards youth education and thus development in the country.

Various macroeconomic effects resulted from the changing economic and societal structure in the second half of the 20th century, which greatly impacted women's economic position in the United States. Using dynamic programming as the main modeling tool, and U.S. data for factual evidence, three papers are developed to test the validity of three related hypotheses focusing on female employment, education, marriage, and divorce trends. The first chapter estimates how much of the post-World War II evolution in employment and average wages by gender can be explained by a model where changing labor demand requirements are the driving force. I argue that a large fraction of the original female employment and wage gaps in mid-century, and the subsequent shrinking of both gaps, can be explained by labor reallocation from brawn-intensive to brain-intensive jobs favoring women's comparative advantage in brain over brawn. Thus, aggregate gender-specific employment and wage gap trends resulting from this labor reallocation are simulated in a general equilibrium model. The material in the second chapter is based on an ongoing joint project with Fatih Guvenen. We argue for a strong link between the rise in the proportion of educated women and the evolution of the divorce rate since mid-century. As women become increasingly educated their bargaining power within marriage rises and their economic situation in singlehood improves making marriage less attractive and divorce more attractive. Similarly, a change in the divorce regime (e.g., U.S. unilateral divorce laws in the 1970s), making marriages less stable, incentivizes women to seek education as insurance against the higher divorce risk. A framework that models the interdependence between education, marriage and divorce is developed, simulated, and contrasted against United States data evidence. The third chapter considers the implications of marital uncertainty on aggregate household savings behavior. To this end, an infinite horizon model withperpetual youth that features uncertainty over marriage quality is developed. Similarly to Cubeddu and Ríos-Rull (1997), I test how much of the savings rate decline from the 1960s to the 1980s can be explained by the changing United States demographic composition, specifically the rise in divorce rates and the fall in marriage rates. / text

Orientadores: Waldir José de Quadros, Alexandre Gori Maia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T04:52:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Remy_MariaAlicePestanadeAguiar_D.pdf: 3019349 bytes, checksum: e3faef8625eb688024ad227a98396604 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar a dinâmica dos gastos das famílias brasileiras em educação sob o impacto concorrente das alterações populacionais, econômicas e sociais ocorridas na primeira década dos anos 2000. Dessa maneira, é possível traçar o percurso recente, facilitando a identificação de alguma intervenção necessária. A hipótese central é de que esse tipo de despesas, tendo sofrido interferência desses condicionantes, principalmente em relação à renda conduziriam ao aumento dos gastos em educação das famílias nesse período, apesar de se vivenciar um processo de transição demográfica que desacelera a necessidade contínua de criação de vagas na escola. Isso porque o crescimento da massa de renda da sociedade brasileira aconteceu para todas as camadas sociais, já que se supõe uma associação entre rendimentos e gastos com educação. Além disso, a intensificação da utilização da rede privada de ensino em todos os níveis implicaria em crescimento dos gastos por aluno, o que reforçaria a hipótese central. Uma hipótese secundária é a de que há diferenças expressivas nos padrões de gastos das famílias, que variam de acordo com o nível educacional a que o aluno esteja vinculado, básico ou superior, e da rede de ensino, pública ou privada. A combinação entre o nível e a rede de ensino reflete em certa medida os limites e possibilidades de orçamento e valores sociais das famílias brasileiras. A terceira hipótese é que as extremas desigualdades socioeconômicas existentes no Brasil também se reproduzem nos padrões de gastos com educação das famílias. Nesse caso, a combinação de alguns atributos como: sexo, raça/cor, idade, escolaridade, renda e região de residência implicariam em padrões de gastos em educação substancialmente distintos. Para comprovar ou não as hipóteses relacionadas este trabalho foi organizado em quatro capítulos. No primeiro, será exposto o panorama da educação no Brasil e no mundo, bem como os principais trabalhos e teóricos que refletem e influenciam o pensamento contemporâneo em matéria de educação. No segundo capítulo, procura-se contextualizar o período de estudo, descrevendo a dinâmica da renda, da população e dos gastos da sociedade brasileira. O terceiro capítulo vai ater-se aos gastos em educação e incorporará a dinâmica regional da população. No quarto capítulo, examina-se o impacto isolado de algumas características sociais e demográficas sobre as despesas em educação das famílias brasileiras procurando captar sua evolução durante a década e finalmente, na conclusão, se indica algumas proposições / Abstract: The main objective of this work is to evaluate the dynamics of the expenditures of Brazilian families in education under the concurrent impact of population, economic and social changes during the first decade of the 2000s. This way, it is possible to trace the recent development by facilitating the identification of any necessary intervention. The central hypothesis is that this type of expenditure influenced by these conditions, income in special would have been increased in this period despite the demographic transition, which has reduced the speed of the continuous necessity of creating school vacancy. This is especially due to the growth in total income of Brazilian society which occurred for all strata of society, since it assumes an association between income and education spending. Moreover, the private sector¿s enlargement for all educational levels would necessarily result in the growth of per student expenditure which reinforces the main hypothesis. A secondary hypothesis is that there are expressive differences in the families expenditures¿ patterns which varies according to the student level; elementary or higher education, and the student administrative entailment; public or private school. The arrangement between the student educational level and its administrative entailment reflects the limits, budget possibilities and social family¿s worth. A third hypothesis supports that the extreme socioeconomic inequalities that exist in Brazil also reproduce over the families educational expenditures. Therefore, the conjunction of some characteristics such as: sex, race/color, age, schooling, income and area of residence would imply in substantial distinct education expenditures patterns. To achieve the confirmation or non-confirmation of the listed hypothesis this paper is organized into four chapters. The first chapter presents the landscape of education in Brazil and in the world, as well as major works and writers that reflect and influence contemporary thinking in education. In the second chapter, the objective is to contextualize the study period describing the dynamics of the income, population and expenditures of the Brazilian society disaggregating them into various items. The third chapter will stick to spending on education and incorporate regional population dynamics. The fourth chapter examines the isolated impact of social and population characteristics on expenditure on education of Brazilian families looking to capture its evolution. Finally, the considerations will suggest some consensus¿ measures that could take place in a short period of time / Doutorado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Doutora em Desenvolvimento Econômico

This study endeavors to explore the value of informal cross-border trade to household poverty reduction. Informal cross-border trade has become a panacea to most Zimbabweans both employed and unemployed in the middle of the socio-economic crisis which has eroded the standards of living in Zimbabwe. This study is an eye opener to those who view informal cross-border trade as merely a survival strategy. It explores the efficacy of informal cross-border trade as a poverty reduction strategy looking at its viability and sustainability despite criticism by many people who associate informal cross-border trade with all kinds of negativity. It thrusts forward the agenda of participatory poverty reduction agenda within a nexus of partnerships and relationships between the government, non-governmental organization, institutions and families. Informal cross-border traders have maneuvered their way out of the chains and shackles of poverty even though it has been tough due to many obstacles from different angles. They have helped to distribute the scarce goods and products in Zimbabwe as a consequent of the socio-economic crisis. If they are given a better platform they can 5 perform much better than they are getting at present. Thus this study advocates the forging of networks between various stakeholders in both the formal and informal sector in order to fight against poverty.