In zebrafish, the ventilatory response to hypoxia first develops at 3 days post-fertilization (d.p.f.) before O2-chemoreceptive neuroepithelial cells (NECs) of the gill appear at 7 d.p.f. This indicates the presence of extrabranchial chemoreceptors in embryos and a developmental transition to primarily gill O2 sensing. This thesis examined the skin NECs, which reach peak density in embryos but decline as gill NECs appear. Exposure of embryos and larvae to chronic hypoxia prevented the loss of skin NECs, shifted peak basal ventilation to a later developmental stage, and induced a hypoventilatory response to acute hypoxia. Chronic exposure to hyperoxia rapidly diminished skin NECs, shifted peak ventilation to earlier stages and eliminated the response to acute hypoxia. Administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine degraded nerve terminals that contact skin NECs and reduced both basal ventilation frequency and the hypoxic ventilatory response. Thus, skin NECs are candidates for extrabranchial O2 chemoreceptors in developing zebrafish.

Although efficient use of stock is an important issue of housing economics and policies, there is very little research on the subject in Turkey. This study aims to investigate the stock efficiency in Turkey by measuring the degree to which the housing stock matches household size. Distributions between dwelling units and the households in terms of their size are investigated for this purpose. The stock is studied within three zones of occupational density: comfort, overcrowding and underoccupation, according to international occupancy standards. The findings reveal that the rapid rise in underoccupation in the stock is the dominant character of housing in Turkey, which is a result of housing system producing larger and larger dwellings despite the declining average household size in the country. The analyses in the province center level show that there are great differences between the western and eastern parts of the country. Reasons of overcrowding and underoccupation are also investigated by means of regression analysis. Tenure, income level and proportion of gecekondu emerge as the most effective variables in explaining the differentiation of overcrowding and underoccupation across province centers.

By recontextualizing spatiality, it is arguable that the meaning of &lsquo / space&rsquo / as a term varies from the most local to the global geographies. &lsquo / Space&rsquo / as a term for this thesis does not only mean the architectural spaces, but also the social spaces. This thesis aims to define and investigate the dynamics of &lsquo / Thirdspace&rsquo / as a key term and to locate it in the specifities of urban within the area of resistance and transgression. &lsquo / Thirdspace&rsquo / is illustrated as a wider sphere of participation forpolitical resistance. As a space, it is the new meeting places for diverse oppositional practices, for multiple communities of resistance. It is a space that is both center and the margin, which enables the radical social action everywhere in the world, from local to the global. The theoretical framework for understanding the tools of our critical approach will be provided by a comprehensive literature about &lsquo / identity politics,&rsquo / which can be defined as the theoretical base of the concept of &lsquo / Thirdspace.&rsquo / After an extensive analysis about the dynamics of &lsquo / Thirdspace&rsquo / for political resistance, it is concerned to locate the concept of &lsquo / Thirdspace&rsquo / within the material world as a case study. The case study aims to exemplify firstly the &lsquo / Istiklal Street&rsquo / as &lsquo / Thirdspace&rsquo / , secondly political position of &lsquo / Saturday&rsquo / s Mothers&rsquo / as &lsquo / thirdspace of political choice&rsquo / , and lastly to demonstrate the reciprocal relations between them within the framework of the relationship between space and politics.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore whether or not there exists a difference between the old and new migrants who moved to Istanbul, Ankara, Bursa, Izmir, Gaziantep, Erzurum and Sanliurfa provinces pre and post 1990, and the disadvantaged residents born in the urban areas of these provinces in terms of education, health and employment. To attain this aim, a theoretical framework, through which main features of the concept of disadvantageous were discussed.The overview of the literature, is based on these three dimensions of being disadvantaged, which are education, health and employment by using socio-economical characteristics as the interpretive tools. Therefore, the definition of disadvantageous centered on the notion of migration is accepted as a background of the study. In this respect, disadvantaged people are accepted as a group that experiences a higher risk of poverty and social exclusion than the general population.

Second homes have been rapidly increasing throughout the world, especially in high amenity landscapes due to increasing mobility, greater leisure time after retirements and development of transportation means. Second home development in Turkey has been accelerated in the Mediterranean and Aegean coastal resorts especially after the 1980s. Fascination of rural environments, low cost of living and accommodation for holiday, considering second homes as investments and future permanent homes after retirements, and less stressful way of living in such coastal towns attract domestic and foreign tourists to buy second homes in amenity rich coastal areas of Turkey. This has been led to second home invasion and construction pressure on amenity rich landscapes, protected lands, countryside and natural environments. This thesis aims to investigate the challenges of coastal resort towns regarding second-home developments.

In zebrafish, the ventilatory response to hypoxia first develops at 3 days post-fertilization (d.p.f.) before O2-chemoreceptive neuroepithelial cells (NECs) of the gill appear at 7 d.p.f. This indicates the presence of extrabranchial chemoreceptors in embryos and a developmental transition to primarily gill O2 sensing. This thesis examined the skin NECs, which reach peak density in embryos but decline as gill NECs appear. Exposure of embryos and larvae to chronic hypoxia prevented the loss of skin NECs, shifted peak basal ventilation to a later developmental stage, and induced a hypoventilatory response to acute hypoxia. Chronic exposure to hyperoxia rapidly diminished skin NECs, shifted peak ventilation to earlier stages and eliminated the response to acute hypoxia. Administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine degraded nerve terminals that contact skin NECs and reduced both basal ventilation frequency and the hypoxic ventilatory response. Thus, skin NECs are candidates for extrabranchial O2 chemoreceptors in developing zebrafish.

We gathered normal and colorectal cancer tissues from 18 patients after tumor surgery. The tumor tissues represent caner stages from T1 to T4 (TNM system).Two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF techniques were utilized to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Our studies showed that there are about 18 differentially expressed proteins in normal and tumor tissues (p<0.05) which 13 proteins increased in tumor were Keratin 8, Protein disuflde isomerase A3 precursor, Keratin 18, Fractalkine precursor, LDH-B, Tropomyosin alpha 4 chain, Tropomyosin alpha 3 chain, chloride intracellular channel protein 1, PTTG1(Pituitary tumor-transforming protein 1),

The aim of this thesis is to unveil the cognitive architecture of an industrial cluster by drawing on the roles of the labor mobility in particular as a mechanism of knowledge transmission and in general as a kind of social glue that holds together small production communities operative within a given territory. To what extent innovations occur in connection with labor mobility is one of the primary concerns of this thesis in accordance with its central role as a mechanism of knowledge spillover. In an effort to draw the wider theoretical framework within which knowledge spillover effects of labor mobility can be placed, this thesis firstly unveils the debates revolving around the increasing importance ascribed to (tacit) knowledge in (regional) economic development and the historical evolution of labor mobility studies. This thesis not only draws on but also develops a wide range of analytical tools designated for the particular needs of the questions addressed. The empirical dimension of this thesis is explored by employing a telescoping of view of both spatial and sectoral coverage. In this context, this thesis does not only attempt to grasp the small production communities operative in a socio-spatial system and to compare the innovation capacities of the respective communities by drawing on the contexts of labor mobility but also justifies the designation of the case study area and sectors in a detailed way. The method employed in the thesis is rather a holistic effort with regard to conceptualization of social, historical, economical and spatial processes.

Customer satisfaction is the key for the accomplishment of health care and fitness companies. It is a process beginning with identifying customer vision management and ending with customer loyalty and retention. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of Turkish version of the Customer Satisfaction Scale (CSS) for health care and fitness clubs. The sampling group that was the customers of the private health care and fitness centers consisted of 150 female (47.3 %) and 167 male (52.7 %), totally 317 people. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for the factor analysis of the items. Five factors emerged which accounted for 65.7 % of the variance related with social and intellectual improvement, physical and psychological satisfaction, facility attractivity, staff attitudes and competence and cleanness of the center. Internal consistency method was used to test reliability. Cronbach alpha values indicated highly reliable results. For all items= .92 Factor 1= .88, factor 2= .89, factor 3= .80, factor 4= .81, factor 5= .81 The present study demonstrated that Customer Satisfaction Scale is a reliable and a valid instrument to measure customer satisfaction of the members of health care and fitness clubs in Turkey.

Urban space is an arena of conficting interests. Seldomly dominated has the opportunity to express its identity on and through urban space as the exploited and oppressed groups lose their voice within the insitititonalised channels of representation. On the other hand, the localised voices do not have the chance to change the urban meaning and the power structure. In the 1970s, urban social movements were seen as an alternative form of interest representation which could challenge the dominant power relations and create a new urban meaning. Yet, such movements were largely failed to mount such a challenge to the dominant urban system partly due to their localised forms. In Turkey, 1970s witnessed to a radicalisation of political life including the urban areas. The mobilisations such as the New Municipalism and Squatter Movements supported by radical youth movements were the examples of emerging radicalism of that period. In the late 1970s, a relatively small Black Sea town, namely, Fatsa underwent a radical transformation when one of the radical left wing movement took control of the municipality in the byelections. After a long period of domination of mainstream parties upon the municipality, a self decleared revolutionary movement won the local elections with their independent candidate and came to power in Fatsa Municipality. If this was possible it was largely due to active involvement of the prestigous local actors in this process. In other words, a sucessful articulation of a national revolutionary group with influencial local actors created a unique situation by bringing them to power in this particular municipality. This change was followed by the rise of new and novel forms of municipal policies and of participatory mechanisms. In the identification of problems and their solutions the participation of local population is seen as the key element by the new administration. This thesis examines the rise and decline of Fatsa experience as one of the example of radicalisation of urban politics by linking the experience to the contextual features of local politics. It is claimed that to explain the Fatsa experience it is not enough to look at either to the (national) contextual features or the local specificities such as the status of those local actors etc. A satisfactory approach has to take both local specificities and national contextual features into account within a syntetic framework.