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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Analysis of Functional Models in Density Functional Theory : Applications to Transition Metal Oxides

2013 September 1900 (has links)
This work presents a study of the electronic structure of four transition metal oxides (TMOs) using spectroscopic data and a variety of theoretical models. TMOs are a class of materials made from d-block metals in the periodic table, and one or more oxygen atoms. The nature of d-electrons is examined and theoretical models used to treat d-electron systems are tested against experimental data. Background theory of condensed matter physics is outlined. An overview of density functional theory (DFT) as a theoretical model for calculating the electronic structure of materials is presented. A variety of exchange-correlation (XC) functionals used within the DFT framework are outlined and tested for their applicability to the TMO systems in question. X-ray spectroscopy is briefly outlined and used to test the validity of the different XC functionals. All four compounds, AgO, Ag2O, CuO, and Cu2O require a Hubbard U term in the XC functional to most accurately reproduce experimental results. The effects of varying the value of U is examined in depth. The oxygen K-edge X-ray emission spectra (XES) exhibits a“two peak” structure for all compounds; the effect of varying the U value is to change the intensity ratio of the two peaks. The ratio of the two peaks as a function of U shows a linear trend in all compounds. A simple line is fit to the peak ratio vs. U curve. A common line between all compounds would provide an important metric with which to predict the appropriate U value needed in similar materials based on simple experimental data. However, the parameters of the fitted line were not common between the four compounds and any metric derived from this method would be system-dependent and not widely applicable to other systems. There are, however, interesting trends in the data when the U value is varied that provide subjects for future research. A number of fundamental quantities are determined both from experiment and theoretical calculations. Calculated bandgap values are shown to be lower than the experimental values for most functionals tested. This is not unexpected as DFT methods are known to predict much smaller bandgaps than expected. The Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) functional used for Ag2O and Cu2O does predict the bandgaps very accurately. The core-hole effect is estimated and proven to be negligible in these systems. Charge transfer and on-site Coulomb repulsion energies, important quantities in the electronic behaviour of TMOs, are determined and compared to previously reported values.
2

"Ab initio" studium systémů na bázi CeO2 / "Ab initio" studium systémů na bázi CeO2

Fečík, Michal January 2013 (has links)
Heterogenní katalýza hraje významnou roli pro zvy¹ování efektivity rùzných procesù. Vysokou katalytickou aktivitu vykazují oxidy ceru patøící k tzv. reducibilním oxidùm, je¾ snadno uvolòují èi (zpìtnì) pøijímají atomy kyslíku prostøednictvím procesù redukce a oxidace. Zámìrem pøedlo¾ené práce je vypoèítat pásové struktury a øezy plochami konstantní energie objemových a povrchových systémù oxidu ceru pomocí kvantovì-mechanické "ab initio"metody Teorie hustotního funkcionálu. Numerické simulace jsou provádìny pomocí programového balíèku Quantum ESPRESSO za u¾ití metod rovinných vln a pseudopotenciálu. Silná korelace elektronù v pøípadì atomù ceru je modelována pøidáním Hubbardova U-èlenu. Hlavní dùraz je kladen na mo¾nost porovnávání teoretických výsledkù s tìmi získanými pomocí experimentální metody úhlovì-rozli¹ené fotoelektronové spektroskopie umo¾òující pøímý zisk jak pásových struktur, tak øezù plochami konstantní energie zkoumaného materiálu. Porovnání pomù¾e jak poznat mo¾nosti a mo¾né hranice zmínìné experimentální metody, tak i roz¹íøit její teoretické zázemí vedoucí k prohloubení znalostí materiálù perspektivních pro katalýzu. Klíèová slova: Teorie hustotního funkcionálu, Hubbardùv U-èlen, pásová struktura, plocha konstantní energie, Brillouinova zóna 1
3

MULTISCALE MODELING OF POLYMER PROCESSING AND ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

Shukai Yao (17419314) 20 November 2023 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Computational materials science has emerged as a powerful technique to discover and develop new materials in past decades, primarily because accurate computational modeling can act as guidance before performing experiments that are expensive and time-consuming. However, modeling material behaviors across different scales of length and time poses a challenge, accentuating the importance of choosing appropriate levels of approximations and theories. First principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are essential to predict the electronic structure of periodic crystalline systems. We will discuss a prediction of chemical doping induced metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) of transition metal perovskites owing to the variation of the electronic occupation. Nevertheless, electronic structure predictions based on DFT are not without limitation as it fails when treating strongly correlated electronic system due to the over-delocalization of valence electrons. In principle, adding on-site Hubbard U corrects this error with a low computational cost. Using an example of a two-dimensional rare-earth MXene, we demonstrate the essence of choosing the appropriate U value self-consistently for the prediction of electronic and magnetic configurations. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) can be employed to study the dynamic evolution of complex condensed systems with thousands to millions of atoms at the atomistic and molecular levels. Carbon fiber manufacturing is an established industry, though the fiber produced achieves only 10% of its theoretical tensile strength. Therefore, optimizing the carbon fiber processing is a pressing topic. To achieve this, we study two steps, spinning and stabilization, of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based fiber fabrication at the molecular level using MD. We will discuss the realistic molecular structure of the spun PAN and the properties affected by its structural heterogeneity. Moreover, for the following step, we develop a PAN stabilization simulator, an automated workflow that addresses the underlying chemistry and the molecular-level structure-property relationship, often inaccessible through experiments.</p>
4

Mat��riaux Corr��l��s et Structure Electronique ab initio : interaction de Hubbard et couplage de Hund

Vaugier, Loig 08 December 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Cette th��se propose une nouvelle impl��mentation de "l'approximation de la phase al��atoire avec polarisation contrainte" (constrained Random Phase Approximation, cRPA). Notre impl��mentation repose sur la th��orie de la fonctionnelle de la densit��, d��velopp��e dans une base d'ondes planes augment��es (linearized augmented plane wave, LAPW). Cette m��thode, appliqu��e �� des mat��riaux fortement corr��l��s, permet de calculer de facon r��aliste la matrice d'interaction coulombienne effective, qui pourra ��tre trait��e par la suite au moyen de l'approche �� N-corps souhait��e. En particulier, les valeurs de l'interaction de Hubbard, U , et de l'��change de Hund, J, sont d��termin��es de mani��re ab initio, ainsi que leur d��pendance en fr��quence qui r��sulte des effets dynamiques de l'��crantage. Comme dans la th��orie du groupe de renormalisation de Wilson, l'interaction coulombienne effective d��pend du choix du sous-espace corr��l�� pour lequel est construit un Hamiltonien effectif de basse ��nergie, alors que les valeurs des observables physiques n'en d��pendent pas. Afin de g��n��raliser la cRPA aux mat��riaux dont la structure ��lectronique exhibe des or- bitales corr��l��es et itin��rantes intriqu��es, une m��thode bas��e sur la projection sur le sous-espace corr��l�� est ��galement introduite. Diff��rentes classes de mat��riaux sont envisag��es comme applications : i) pnictures �� base de fer, LaOFeAs et BaFe2As2, et chalcog��nides, FeSe (Chapitre 6), ii) m��taux de transition 3d afin de valider notre m��thode de projection (Chapitre 6), iii) oxydes de m��taux de transition p��rovskites, SrMO3 (M = V, Cr, Mn, Nb, Mo, Tc), et p��rovskites en couches, Sr2MO4 (M = Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh) (Chapitre 7). L'Hamiltonien d'interaction cRPA est ��galement coupl�� �� la th��orie du champ moyen dynamique (LDA+cRPA+DMFT) afin de d��crire l'isolant de Mott induit par le couplage spin-orbite, Sr2IrO4, et le pigment �� base de terre rare, CeSF (Chapitre 8).
5

Matériaux Corrélés et Structure Electronique ab initio : interaction de Hubbard et couplage de Hund

Vaugier, Loig 08 December 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thèse propose une nouvelle implémentation de "l'approximation de la phase aléatoire avec polarisation contrainte" (constrained random phase approximation, cRPA). Notre implémentation repose sur la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité, développée dans une base d'ondes planes augmentées (linearized augmented plane wave, LAPW). Cette méthode, appliquée à des matériaux fortement corrélés, permet de calculer de facon réaliste la matrice d'interaction coulombienne effective, qui pourra être traitée par la suite au moyen de l'approche à N-corps souhaitée. En particulier, les valeurs de l'interaction de Hubbard, U , et de l'échange de Hund, J, sont déterminées de manière ab initio, ainsi que leur dépendance en fréquence qui résulte des effets dynamiques de l'écrantage. Comme dans la théorie du groupe de renormalisation de Wilson, l'interaction coulombienne effective dépend du choix du sous-espace corrélé pour lequel est construit un Hamiltonien effectif de basse énergie, alors que les valeurs des observables physiques n'en dépendent pas. Afin de généraliser la cRPA aux matériaux dont la structure électronique exhibe des orbitales corrélées et itinérantes intriquées, une méthode basée sur la projection sur le sous-espace corrélé est également introduite. Différentes classes de matériaux sont envisagées comme applications : i) pnictides à base de fer, LaOFeAs et BaFe2As2, et chalcogénides, FeSe (Chapitre 6), ii) métaux de transition 3d afin de valider notre méthode de projection (Chapitre 6), iii) oxydes de métaux de transition pérovskites, SrMO3 (M = V, Cr, Mn, Nb, Mo, Tc), et pérovskites en couches, Sr2MO4 (M = Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh) (Chapitre 7). L'Hamiltonien d'interaction cRPA est également couplé à la théorie du champ moyen dynamique (LDA+cRPA+DMFT) afin de décrire l'isolant de Mott induit par le couplage spin-orbite, Sr2IrO4, et le pigment à base de terre rare, CeSF (Chapitre 8).

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