Cette thèse traite de la reconnaissance automatique d'action humaine dans des vidéos. La reconnaissance d'action humaine est indispensable pour déterminer quelles actions humaines se produisent dans des vidéos. Ce problème est particulièrement difficile en raison d'énormes variations dans les aspects visuels et de mouvement des personnes et des actions, les changements de point de vue de la caméra, le fond mobile, des occlusions, la présence de bruit, ainsi que l'énorme quantité de données vidéos. Tout d'abord, nous passons en revue, évaluons et comparons les techniques les plus importantes et les plus populaires de l'état de l'art pour la reconnaissance d'action, ensuite, nous proposons une plateforme basée sur des caractéristiques locales, que nous utilisons tout au long de ce travail de thèse pour étudier de nouveaux algorithmes. En plus, nous introduisons une nouvelle base de données (Hôpital CHU de Nice) avec des actions de la vie quotidienne de patients âgés dans cet hôpital. Ensuite, nous proposons deux descripteurs spatio-temporels locaux pour la reconnaissance d'action dans les vidéos. Le premier descripteur est basé sur une représentation des matrices de covariance, modélisant les relations linéaires entre les caractéristiques bas niveaux. Le deuxième descripteur est basé sur les covariances browniennes, et modélise tous les types de relations possibles entre les caractéristiques bas niveaux. Après, nous proposons trois représentations de caractéristiques de hauts niveaux pour dépasser les limites des techniques utilisant l'encodage des sacs de mots. La première représentation est basée sur le principe des trajectoires relatives denses. Nous proposons une représentation objet-centrée des caractéristiques locales des trajectoires de mouvement, ce qui permet d'utiliser l'information spatiale par une technique de codage des caractéristiques locales. La deuxième représentation encode les relations entre les caractéristiques locales par paires. Le principe est dextraire les relations d'apparence entre les caractéristiques (à la fois visuelles et de mouvement), et dutiliser l'information géométrique pour décrire la façon dont ces relations d'apparence sont disposées mutuellement dans l'espace spatio-temporel. La troisième représentation calcule les statistiques des paires concomitantes des mots visuels dans les voisinages multi-échelles centrées les caractéristiques. La représentation basée sur les caractéristiques contextuelles proposées encode linformation sur la densité locale de ces caractéristiques, les relations entre les paires des caractéristiques locales et leur ordre spatio-temporel. Finalement, les techniques proposées permettent d'obtenir une performance meilleure ou semblable par rapport à l'état de l'art, sur des bases de données représentant une grande diversité dactions humaines (Weizmann, KTH, URADL, MSR Daily Activity 3D, HMDB51, et Hôpital CHU de Nice). / This thesis targets the automatic recognition of human actions in videos. Human action recognition is defined as a requirement to determine what human actions occur in videos. This problem is particularly hard due to enormous variations in visual and motion appearance of people and actions, camera viewpoint changes, moving background, occlusions, noise, and enormous amount of video data. Firstly, we review, evaluate, and compare the most popular and the most prominent state-of-the-art techniques, and we propose our action recognition framework based on local features, which we use throughout this thesis work embedding the novel algorithms. Moreover, we introduce a new dataset (CHU Nice Hospital) with daily self care actions of elder patients in a hospital. Then, we propose two local spatio-temporal descriptors for action recognition in videos. The first descriptor is based on a covariance matrix representation, and it models linear relations between low-level features. The second descriptor is based on a Brownian covariance, and it models all kinds of possible relations between low-level features. Then, we propose three higher-level feature representations to go beyond the limitations of the local feature encoding techniques. The first representation is based on the idea of relative dense trajectories. We propose an object-centric local feature representation of motion trajectories, which allows to use the spatial information by a local feature encoding technique. The second representation encodes relations among local features as pairwise features. The main idea is to capture the appearance relations among features (both visual and motion), and use geometric information to describe how these appearance relations are mutually arranged in the spatio-temporal space. The third representation captures statistics of pairwise co-occurring visual words within multi-scale feature-centric neighbourhoods. The proposed contextual features based representation encodes information about local density of features, local pairwise relations among the features, and spatio-temporal order among features. Finally, we show that the proposed techniques obtain better or similar performance in comparison to the state-of-the-art on various, real, and challenging human action recognition datasets (Weizmann, KTH, URADL, MSR Daily Activity 3D, HMDB51, and CHU Nice Hospital).

The rapidly increasing popularity in wearables in combination with countries such as Sweden moving towards a cashless society creates a market for wearable payment devices. NFC technology is already used in traditional payment cards to provide contactless payment and is now also being used in other forms such as rings or bracelets to provide smart payment devices. However, despite NFC technology being commonly used consumers are not familiar with using the technology in alternative forms or connecting them with their smartphones. Something that Fidesmo, a Swedish company that provides a platform for wearable payment devices, has observed amongst their users. Fidesmo found that users faced so many problems attempting to link their payment card to their wearable on their own they no longer recommend users attempt this. This thesis aims to investigate this problem and present insights that can be utilized to create an effective onboarding experience. The onboarding experience aims to guide users through the following: connecting wearables to smartphones, linking a payment card to the wearable through the smartphone and how to use the wearable to make payment at a payment terminal. Through research into the field, traditional user research workshops and co-design workshops exploring the existing onboarding experience within Fidesmo’s smartphone application the following insights could be derived: Visualize Information, Thorough Instructions, Building Confidence, Celebrating Success, Locate "Connection Points", Designing the Physical and Relate to the Familiar. These insights are strongly indicated by the results and some are supported by previous research. A high fidelity prototype was designed using these insights to demonstrate how to apply them. During user tests the design proposed showed significant improvements compared to Fidesmo’s current onboarding experience. / Det snabbt växande intresset för wearables i kombination med att länder såsom Sverige går mot ett kontantlöst samhälle har skapat en marknad för betallösningar i formen av wearables. NFC teknologi används redan i traditionella betalkort för funktionen kontaktlös betalning och används nu även i andra former såsom ringar eller armband för att tillhandahålla smarta betalningsenheter. Men trots den breda användingen av NFC teknologi så tycks konsumenter inte vara bekanta med att använda tekniken i alternativa former eller att utföra kopplingen med sina smartphones. Detta är något som Fidesmo, ett svenskt företag som erbjuder en plattform för wearable betalningsenheter, upptäckt bland sina användare. Fidesmo fann att sina användare stötte på så pass många problem när de försökte länka sitt betalkort till sin wearable själva att detta inte längre rekommenderas. Detta examensarbete avser att undersöka detta problem och presentera insikter som är ämnade för att skapa en effektiv onboarding upplevelse. Onboarding upplevelsen syftar på att guida användare genom följande moment: koppla wearables till smartphones, länka betalkort till wearables genom smartphones och hur man ska använda denna wearable för att betala vid en kortterminal. Genom forskning kring området, traditionella användarforsknings workshops och co-design workshops som utforskade den befintliga onboarding upplevelsen i Fidesmos smartphone applikation kunde följande insikter anskaffas: Visualicera Information, Nogranna Instruktioner, Bygga Självförtroende, Fira Framgång, Indikera “Anslutningspunkter”, Designa det Fysiska, och Relatera till det Familjära. Dessa Insikter är starkt indikerade av resultatet från denna studie och vissa stöds av tidigare forskning. En high fidelity prototyp var därefter designad baserat på insikterna för att demonstrera hur de kunde appliceras. Under användartester visade den föreslagna designen tecken på en tydlig förbättring i jämförelse med Fidesmos nuvarande onboarding upplevelse.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-05-09T15:04:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 7509916 bytes, checksum: 6804ba220a2acae45f8ae36cd4fe0389 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T15:04:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 7509916 bytes, checksum: 6804ba220a2acae45f8ae36cd4fe0389 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work constitutes a survey about the natural aspects in the town of Pitimbu-PB. It presents the current view of the environmental impacts caused by the action of men as a transformer agent in the environment. The current context of the town is grounded on the historical context and on the physical-ambient characteristics that integrate the dynamic aspects of the spatial construction along the years. In this sense, the research aimed to do a geoambiental analysis in the town through the natural dynamic observation and the human action in the spatial transformation. Thus, it was necessary to consider some methodological procedures, such as: bibliographical, documental and data survey. Then, it was considered the field works in which was carried the survey and was observed the necessary elements to the development of the study. The systematization was established in accordance with the elaboration of thematic maps of the area related to the research. It was done through the Geographical Information System (GIS) which enables to comprehend the principal characteristics that generate the environment degradation processes in Pitimbu. The natural dynamic itself is constituted of characteristics that may generate diverse impacts in the environment. Although it also has the capacity of adapting and reorganizing itself. In this regard, men are in this context as the transformer of space and as the causer of severe impacts that, in most of times, are irreversible and damage not only the environment but also the society. Summarizing, this research constituted a set of information that serve for taking decisions in the field of public, private and in general community sectors as collaborator instruments for the process of planning and socialambiental management. Keywords: Pitimbu. Environmental impacts. Human actions. Space. Planning. Socialambiental management. / O presente trabalho constitui um levantamento sobre os aspectos naturais no município de Pitimbu-PB, de forma a apresentar o atual panorama dos impactos ambientais ocasionados pela ação do homem, enquanto agente transformador do meio. O atual cenário constituinte do município fundamenta-se no seu próprio contexto histórico e nas suas características físico-ambientais, integrando o dinamismo da construção espacial ao longo dos anos. Desta forma, a pesquisa objetivou a realização de uma análise geoambiental no município de Pitimbu-PB, através da observação da dinâmica natural e da ação humana na transformação espacial. Para tanto, foram necessários alguns procedimentos metodológicos. Inicialmente, os levantamentos bibliográficos, documentais e de dados existentes. Em seguida, aconteceram os trabalhos de campo, onde foram realizados os levantamentos e foram observados os elementos necessários ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os quais foram sistematizados, permitindo a elaboração de mapas temáticos da área pesquisada, a partir do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG’s), possibilitando compreender os principais fatores geradores dos processos de degradação ambiental em Pitimbu. A própria dinâmica natural é constituída de fatores que podem gerar vários impactos ao meio. Contudo, também possui a capacidade de adaptar-se e de reorganizar-se. Dessa maneira, o homem inseriu-se nesse cenário, como transformador do espaço e causador de severos impactos que, na maioria das vezes, são irreversíveis, prejudicando não apenas o meio ambiente como a própria sociedade. Em síntese, esta pesquisa constitui um acervo de informações para a tomada de decisões no âmbito do setor público, privado e na comunidade em geral, enquanto instrumento colaborador no processo de planejamento e de gestão socioambiental. Palavras-chave: Pitimbu. Impactos Ambientais. Ação Humana. Espaço. Planejamento. Gestão Socioambiental.

Thesis: The main contribution of D. Orem's self-care theory is that, using adequate methods, it leads the nurses to respect patients' own conception of self-care. Key words: Patient - nurse relationships, Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, D. E. Orem, human actions, respect for autonomy, NANDA taxonomy, non-compliance, responsibility. This dissertation thesis deals with the issues of a relationship between a patient and a healthcare worker, or more precisely a nurse, all from the point of view of patient self-care in the sense of deliberate action that is conducted by the patient for the purpose of sustaining their health and realizing their life plans. Ethical aspects of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory consist in the approach to a person that emphasizes the human nature of a human being that develops within the community - among other people, that becomes unique and that cares about their own being. Self-care deficit nursing theory is compared to NANDA taxonomy II with respect to a patient's autonomy. Both approaches to nursing care are studied from the point of view of their assumptions, theoretical basis, the diagnostic process, communication, personal competence of nurses and the aims of health care. Attention is also paid to the situations when a patient is not willing to take part in the...