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This thesis examines the relationship between education, experience, and earnings in the context of human capital theory in the manufacturing sector of Iran. Using a sample of 15755 full-time male workers clustered within 35 firms, both single-level and multilevel statistical techniques were employed to evaluate the contribution of education and experience to earnings. The research also examines the advantages of applying a multilevel method of analysis to investigate the above relationship. This study has shown that, in the manufacturing sector of Iranian industry, the amount of education and experience is significantly and systematically associated with the earnings of employees. This helps to corroborate the notion that human capital acquired through education and experience provides individual economic benefits through improving the earning capacity of individuals. These findings are consistent with many other analyses of earnings based on human capital theory. The multilevel analysis showed that data used are affected by a hierarchical or clustered structure and the relationship between human capital variables and earnings varies across firms. As a result, as argued by multilevel methodologists and confirmed by our findings, the application of the OLS models in a hierarchical structure leads to incorrect inferences. This study has also shown that the relatively new statistical technique of multilevel modelling provides a powerful tool for examining earnings differentials and some of the effects of labour market structures on earnings. In general the use of a multilevel model provides evidence for the pecuniary externality effects of human capital. By treating individual firms as second level units of analysis, it has been shown that part of the differences in earnings can be attributed to the firms in which individuals are working. In particular clusters of highly educated people seem to have a positive effect on the amount of human capital created through experience. It would be interesting to see whether this finding has wider application. The multilevel technique also strengthens the explanatory power of human capital variables. Using qualitative methods, this research also examines the question "why does investment in human capital increase earnings?" The main findings tend to support the human capital interpretation of education rather than pure screening.

South Africa faces significant challenges with low economic growth and high unemployment rates. Unemployed individuals find it difficult to enter into the informal and formal sectors and are often required to work as day labourers. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the human capital theory can provide an explanation for the determinants of wages of day labourers. A focus was placed on the relationships between wages and education, wages and training, wages and skills, and wages and experience. Using cross-sectional data from a survey conducted in 2007/2008, a regression analysis of these relationships was performed. The results showed that earnings increase with an increase in educational level. Day labourers who completed primary and secondary schooling earn more than day labourers who have had no schooling. The day labourers who completed a post-school qualification realised the highest returns in wages. A small percentage of day labourers indicated that they completed a form of training. A pattern was evident of day labourers with higher levels of education engaging in training that is associated with scarce work that requires higher levels of skills and that is more likely to pay higher wages. Work in the skilled cluster was found to be positively and significantly associated with wages. Day labourers who are able to do a variety of jobs are also likely to earn higher earnings. Experience was represented by the number of years an individual has worked as a day labourer and was found to be negatively associated with wages. The findings of this paper confirm that most of the human capital theory can be applied to explain the wages of day labourers in South Africa. / MCom (Economics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

South Africa faces significant challenges with low economic growth and high unemployment rates. Unemployed individuals find it difficult to enter into the informal and formal sectors and are often required to work as day labourers. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the human capital theory can provide an explanation for the determinants of wages of day labourers. A focus was placed on the relationships between wages and education, wages and training, wages and skills, and wages and experience. Using cross-sectional data from a survey conducted in 2007/2008, a regression analysis of these relationships was performed. The results showed that earnings increase with an increase in educational level. Day labourers who completed primary and secondary schooling earn more than day labourers who have had no schooling. The day labourers who completed a post-school qualification realised the highest returns in wages. A small percentage of day labourers indicated that they completed a form of training. A pattern was evident of day labourers with higher levels of education engaging in training that is associated with scarce work that requires higher levels of skills and that is more likely to pay higher wages. Work in the skilled cluster was found to be positively and significantly associated with wages. Day labourers who are able to do a variety of jobs are also likely to earn higher earnings. Experience was represented by the number of years an individual has worked as a day labourer and was found to be negatively associated with wages. The findings of this paper confirm that most of the human capital theory can be applied to explain the wages of day labourers in South Africa. / MCom (Economics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This research attempts to answer the question of why some attorneys obtain a second advanced degree after their law degree. That is, if a law degree is all that is needed to practice law, then why do some attorneys continue with their studies, especially since they lack an economic incentive to do so? The research includes a literature review with background information on credentialism and human capital theory, on lawyers and law school, dissatisfaction, income and debt, alternatives to law, joint graduate degree programs, and gender. SPSS modeling is utilized to arrive at the conclusion that human capital theory and satisfaction account for lawyers' attainment of additional degrees.

As the female workforce is increasing by year in the Taiwan labor market, it¡¦s visible that wage gap between male and female workers exists in the Taiwan labor market. No doubt that it is irony for people who strive for the gender equality in Taiwan. An empirical analysis of gender wage differential is presented by gaining labor force survey of 1981,1986,1991 and 1997, which has been conducted every year by Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics Based on the concept and theory of human capital brought up mainly by Gary S. Becker (1975), several multiple regression functions are conducted in this research on purpose to understand how large the wage gap is, where the gap is stemmed from and what cause brings about this gap. The results of this research indicate that: 1. Femal wage is lower than male wage about 60%~70%. The gap is getting larger from 1981 to 1991; however, smaller after 1991. 2. Male workers get more wages by every year than female workers. 3. Except 1981, which female workers gain more wage by investing human capital by every year than male workers suggests that female workers hold larger invest-rate of education than male and invest-rate of education increases by time. 4. Female workers with more than high-school education degree have less wage differential compared with male workers than those who are with less than high-school education degree. This indicates that female workers investing more human capital have less wage gap compared with male workers in the labor market. 5. Wage gap stemmed from gender discrimination is ascending from 45% of 19981 to 69% of 1996; however, wage differential led from the characteristics of individual worker is descending by time. From the results of above, there is surely gender wage gap in Taiwan labor market, which is the outcome of interacting from diverse individual characteristic and subjective gender prejudice. It¡¦s very obvious that education enhances competitive advantage of female workers so as to decrease the wage differential, nevertheless, discrimination toward to female workers in the Taiwan labor market heavily wears down the endeavor of investing in human capital for them. How to motivate female workers to become more competitive and improve work place for female workers so as to make the best use of female human resources is the significant issue of Taiwan government in the near future.

A classic but unresolved debate regarding the American stratification system is the precise nature of the underlying causal processes by which education is associated with socioeconomic attainment. One traditional view of education is the technical-functional or human capital approach which posits that education augments productive capacities by imparting valuable analytic and cognitive abilities, technical competences, and significant social or communication skills. A contrasting view is the signaling approach, which downplays the intrinsic significance of schooling, and instead emphasizes the role of educational credentials in certifying, legitimating, and rationing employment in higher-paying jobs. As the labor market becomes increasingly polarized with the decline of unions and the downsizing of the traditional manufacturing sector, educational attainment is becoming increasingly significant for socioeconomic attainment, and this classic debate is thus becoming even more relevant to understanding inequality in contemporary America. To shed new light on this issue, this analysis investigates the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates, which includes data on workers’ assessments of the extent to which their educational background is utilized in their jobs and work activities. The results of this analysis indicate that individuals whose degrees are highly relevant to their current occupation have significantly higher salaries than individuals whose degrees are less relevant, controlling for the level of degree. These findings provide evidence for human capital arguments by showing that education which augments productive capacities has greater rates of return than education that simply provides one with higher levels of credentials. / text

The main purpose of this paper is to explore how the probability of taking continuing education programs towards no degree for job or career purposes after graduation will be affected by overeducation, which can be defined as having actual education levels that exceed requirements for the job. Using the data from the National Graduates Survey – Class of 2005-Public User Microdata File (PUMF) (Statistics Canada 2007), a probit model was estimated to test the hypothesis that graduates who are already overeducated would take fewer continuing education programs for job or career purposes. Possible reasons for the negative relationship between overeducation and the likelihood of taking continuing education programs after graduation were examined based on human capital theory.

Magister Educationis (Adult Learning and Global Change) - MEd(AL) / The study investigates a Western Cape Technical Vocational and Education and Training (TVET) college internship programmes and how the curriculum prepare students for the workplace. The research utilizes and applies the Human Capital Theory (HCT) to student employability and college internships to generate new theoretical insights into the possibilities and limitations of an internship in preparing college students for the workplace. The study is motivated by observations of students in the workplaces who had completed the National Certificate Vocational (NCV) course with regard to hospitality and office administration who were participating in its associated internships. The research question underlines the relationship between the NCV qualification, HCT and internships.