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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Développement de méthodes séparatives pour la caractérisation d’une glycoprotéine intacte : application à l’hormone chorionique gonadotrophine humaine / Development of separation methods for the characterization of a glycoprotein at the intact level : application to the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone

Camperi, Julien 08 November 2018 (has links)
La glycosylation est la forme la plus courante de modification post-traductionnelle (PTM) des protéines humaines, puisque plus de 70% d’entre elles sont glycosylées. Celle-ci régule de nombreuses propriétés biologiques comme leur stabilité, leur demi-vie et leur activité. Néanmoins, les protéines peuvent également présenter d'autres types de PTM, ce qui peut conduire pour une protéine donnée à un très grand nombre d'isoformes variant par leur masse, leurs propriétés biologiques et physico-chimiques et leur concentration dans les échantillons biologiques. Ainsi, caractériser une glycoprotéine comporte de nombreux défis et nécessite la mise en œuvre de méthodes séparatives très performantes et de détection très sensibles et informatives.La gonadotrophine chorionique humaine (hCG) est l’hormone spécifique de la grossesse humaine. Elle est essentielle au développement du placenta et du fœtus. Elle est composée de deux sous-unités hCGα et hCGβ qui sont fortement glycosylées (4 sites de N-glycosylation et 4 sites d’O-glycosylation). Récemment, des travaux ont montré une corrélation entre sa glycosylation et une bonne implantation du fœtus. Une caractérisation des ces glycoformes s’avère donc nécessaire.Par conséquent, de nouvelles méthodes en LC/CE-MS ont été développées pour la caractérisation de la hCG à l’échelle intacte en utilisant deux médicaments à base de hCG ayant des glycosylations différentes. Alors que la méthode en CZE-MS (TQ) a permis de différencier les profils des glycoformes de la sous-unité hCGα des deux médicaments, la complémentarité des méthodes RP- et HILIC-MS (qTOF) a conduit à leur identification.Pour limiter les erreurs potentielles d’identification dues au chevauchement des profils isotopiques, le profil de chaque isoforme a été résolu par FT-ICR MS. Dans ce but, une séparation au format nanoLC en mode RP a été développée, améliorant ainsi la sensibilité de la méthode d’un facteur 500 par rapport au format conventionnel. Cette méthode a permis de confirmer l’identification des glycoformes de la sous-unité hCGα. D’autre part, il a été possible d’obtenir des profils différents de glycosylation de la sous-unité hCGβ en favorisant leur ionisation par réduction de la hCG. Enfin, un traitement à la PNGase a conduit à l’élimination des N-glycanes pour l’obtention des profils d’O-glycosylation de la sous-unité hCGβ. / Glycosylation is the most common form of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of human proteins, since more than 70% are glycosylated. It regulates numerous biological properties including their stability, half-life, and activity. Nevertheless, proteins can also exhibit other types of PTMs that lead to a very large number of isoforms, varying in mass, properties and concentration in the biological samples. Therefore, the characterization of a glycoprotein is highly challenging and requires the use of powerful separation techniques and sensitive and informative detection modes.The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone specific to human pregnancy. It is essential for the development of placenta and fetus. It is based on two heavily glycosylated subunits, hCGα and hCGβ, having 8 glycosylation sites (4 N- and 4 O-glycosylation sites). Some recent studies demonstrated that here is a correlation between the hCG glycosylation state and the fetus implantation. This is why the characterization of the hCG glycoformes is needed.Therefore, new LC/CE-MS methods were developed for the characterisation of hCG at the intact level using two hCG-based drugs having different glycosylation profiles. While the CZE-MS (TQ) method showed its potential for glycosylation fingerprinting, the complementarity of LC-(qTOF) MS methods in RP and HILIC modes allowed the identification of the glycoforms of the hCGα subunit.To limit the identification errors due to the overlapping of isotopic distribution patterns, the profile of each isoform was resolved by FT-ICR MS. For this purpose, a nanoLC separation in RP mode was developed, thus improving the sensitivity of the method by a factor 500 compared to the conventional format. This method allowed the confirmation of the identification of hCGα glycoforms. Then, it was possible to obtain different glycosylation patterns of the hCGβ by promoting its ionization after hCG reduction. Then, a PNGase treatment was carried out to remove the N-glycans in order to obtain the O-glycoprofiles of hCGβ isoforms.
2

Analysis Of Structural And Functional Types Of Protein-Protein Interactions

Nambudiry Rekha, * 02 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
3

Engineering the N-Glycosylation Pathway in Pichia Pastoris for the Expression of Glycoprotein Hormones

Manoharan, Simna January 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Proteins, participating in a myriad of biological function, are at the core of all cellular activities occurring within living organisms. Therapeutic proteins, hence constitute a major part of the pharmaceutical industry. The glycoprotein hormones follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) regulate various reproductive and metabolic functions in humans and hence have high therapeutic potentials. The increasing demand of recombinant proteins for therapeutic uses drives the development of better expression systems. The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, has been termed as an industrial workhorse for heterologous protein expression. However, the N-glycosylation in yeast is of the high mannose type, resulting in a reduced serum half-life of the recombinant proteins. In the current work, we have re-engineered the Pichia N-glycosylation pathway to mimic the human type of N-glycosylation. Towards this end, we abolished the yeast native N-glycosylation and introduced enzymes from various eukaryotic sources into the system. These modifications resulted in the conversion of the yeast Man9-20GlcNAc2 glycan structure to a more human like GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2 form on over 70 % of the heterologous expressed proteins. In order to demonstrate the application of these strains as efficient protein expression hosts, the glycoengineerd Pichia was used for large scale expression of the glycoprotein hormones, hCG and FSH. The purified recombinant hormones were found to have binding affinities and structure similar to that of the natural hormones. These recombinant hormones were also able to elicit over two fold responses in animal models compared to buffer controls and the activity was comparable to the natural counterparts. Thus, we report the generation of a glycoengineered Pichia pastoris, which can be considered as a serious contender for the expression of glycosylated proteins of therapeutic importance.

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