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Indoor spaces have become increasingly prevalent in human lives. While scholarship in other fields has studied the relationship between humans and the indoors, it has not been readily investigated in Geography. This study draws from prior research in Building Design, Managerial Science, and Education to examine the relationship between building users and resources in indoor spaces. To better understand how users seek resources in an indoor, academic space, this research asks: (1) what spaces and resources do building users value?; and (2) how are their perceptions of value associated with observed measures of occupancy? This research takes place in Goodwin Hall, on the Blacksburg campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. This research relies on surveys conducted in 2018 as well accelerometer data collected in 2018 to examine the relationship between users' perception and use of resources in informal learning environments. Through quantitative analysis this research tests the ideal free distribution hypothesis. Findings indicate that certain measures of use and value support the ideal free distribution hypothesis. These results help to lay a groundwork for future geographic research in indoor spaces. / Master of Science / Indoor spaces have become increasingly created, used, and occupied by humans. Geography, as a discipline, has traditionally studied the relationship that humans have with their surrounding outdoor environments. This research studies how humans interact with their indoor environments. Other disciplines, such as Building Design, Managerial Science, and Education have examined how indoor spaces can impact human movement, behavior, and choice. Geography is a spatial discipline (observes how variables affect each other over space) and offers a differing lens to view human-indoor relationships. To better understand how users seek resources in an indoor, academic space, this research asks: (1) what spaces and resources do building users value?; and (2) how are their perceptions of value associated with observed measures of occupancy? This research takes place in Goodwin Hall, on the Blacksburg campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. This research relies on surveys conducted in 2018 as well accelerometer data, which observes the amount of acceleration, collected in 2018 to examine the relationship between how users' view and use resources and spaces within an indoor environment. Through quantitative analysis this research tests the ideal free distribution hypothesis. Findings show that certain measures of use and value support the ideal free distribution hypothesis. Findings from this paper help to provide more insight into how humans interact with indoor spaces and lays the groundwork for future indoor geographic research.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第17922号 / 情博第504号 / 新制||情||89(附属図書館) / 30742 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 吉川 正俊, 准教授 小山 里奈 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM

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In a global urban context marked by increasingly unsustainable conditions, the capacity to imagine a fundamentally different future is crucial to avoid being trapped in a precarious present. The cognitive potential of critically challenging and reimagining current degraded conditions is only partly examined in the existing literature. Therefore, a question arises as to whether this process could somehow influence an individual’s understanding of environmental circumstances and the motivations for acting upon them. This study focuses on University City (Mexico) as a case study. It aimed to investigate the potential of critical futures studies (CFS), applied to human-environment interactions in public spaces, to help articulate positive futures and motivate taking action. The question: What should the future look and feel like?, let participants reframe prevailing negative narratives and envision human-environment interactions in an urban public space characterized by diversity, multifunctionality, livability, and democracy. Key findings from a series of participatory workshops revealed divergent responses to the critical futures approach in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation, the inherent desire toward taking action, either increased or was maintained at high pre-existing levels, tentatively explained by the catalytic role of the emotional contrast between current and envisioned experiences. This study also observed narrative shifts regarding intrinsic motivation toward more collective, affective, and change-oriented reasons. Conversely, extrinsic motivation, as the disposition to act based on anticipated outcomes, remained limited after the workshops, which is hypothesized to be an outcome of perceived barriers, such as institutional hierarchies, and participants' unfamiliarity with potential courses of action.  Overall, this study explores and discusses the potential of CFS methods for motivating action toward positive change and underscores the importance of contextualizing motivational factors within present realities and actionable knowledge. Leveraging these insights in participatory settings can sustain motivation, furthering progress toward a desirable and sustainable future.

xi, 129 p. : col. ill. / Between the 1980s and early 2000s, Ecuador's commercial tuna fishing industry evolved from an insignificant player in the global marketplace to the third largest tuna fishery in the world. The reasons behind this dramatic expansion are integrally linked to economic globalization and more specifically, the proliferation of neoliberal economic policies throughout Latin America and Ecuador. In this thesis, I link neoliberal reforms, such as increased capital mobility, free trade agreements, and export-led development, to the rapid growth of Ecuador's tuna fishery, centrally located in Manta. I then explore the place-based effects of these reforms by elucidating the social and environmental impacts of the tuna industry. I argue that while there have been some benefits, such as economic growth and job creation, expansion of Manta's tuna fishery has exacerbated local inequalities, created serious environmental problems, and led to new workplace challenges for employees in the industry. / Committee in charge: Dr. Derrick Hindery, Chairperson; Dr. Lise Nelson, Member

The assumption that prehistoric Native American land use practices had little impact on the North American landscape persists in the literature. However, recent research suggests the effects of prehistoric burning, deforestation and agriculture may potentially have been greater than previously considered. To resolve this discrepancy, quantitative estimates of changes in human population size and forest structure and composition over the course of the Holocene are needed. This thesis addresses this need by providing radiocarbon-based paleodemographic reconstructions and pollen-inferred estimates of vegetation change, as well as analyses of associations between the two at both continental and regional scales, from the late Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. One way to estimate paleodemographic change is to use the number of radiocarbon (14C) dates from a given area to study patterns of human occupation through time. A review of the literature and compilation of existing databases relevant to this method showed there is now sufficient data to study the paleodemographic history of many regions around the world. An analysis of 14C datasets from North America and Australia compared well with model-based reconstructions of past demographic growth, and provided higher frequency fluctuations in population densities that will be important for future research. Using a kernel density estimation approach, the first estimates of prehistoric population density for North America were obtained and synthesized into a series of continental-scale maps showing the distribution and frequency of 14C dates in the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database (CARD). The maps illustrated the space-time evolution of population and migration patterns, which were corroborated by independent sources of evidence. A methodology based on the statistical evaluation of cross-correlations between population and plant abundance was then developed to analyze the associations between these population estimates and plant communities derived from pollen databases. Periods of high spatial cross-correlation (positive and negative) between population and plant abundance were irregular and did not improve over time, suggesting that ancient human impacts are not discernable at a continental scale, either due to low populations or varying human land use practices. To further examine the relationship between pollen data and human land use at a regional scale, estimates of plant density and landscape openness are needed. The REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites) model corrects for the non-linear relationship between pollen production and plant abundance and can therefore be used to map histories of land use and land cover change. The model was applied to pollen records from lake sediments in the deciduous forest of southeastern Quebec. A preliminary analysis comparing these results to population density revealed low population during times of high Populus abundance and high population following the appearance of the mixed temperate forest suggesting a discernable human-environment association at regional scales. Overall, the results of thesis support the growing body of literature that suggests prehistoric Native Americans impacted their environments and that these impacts can be detected and quantified by integrating archaeological and paleoecological information. However, the timing, location, and intensity of human land use has changed in both space and time, suggesting regional- to local-scale analyses of human-environment interactions are most appropriate for continental North America. The methodology presented here can be used to study additional North American regions for the purpose of developing a continental history of human-environment interaction.

En Europe de l’Ouest, de nombreuses espèces de léporidés sont endémiques, ce qui en fait de bons témoins de l’évolution des écosystèmes terrestres dans lesquelles ont évolué les sociétés humaines préhistoriques. Paradoxalement, leur variabilité morphologique est mal connue et la phylogénie établie aujourd’hui, discutable. Ce travail propose de renseigner la diversité morphométrique des lapins et des lièvres sur près de deux millions d’années d’évolution, à travers l’application d’études ostéométriques et en morphométrie géométrique. L’analyse de restes osseux et dentaires – de populations actuelles et de 73 séries fossiles provenant de régions périméditerranéennes couvrant le Pléistocène – permet de caractériser les adaptations des léporidés face aux changements environnementaux et leurs tendances évolutives. Cette étude propose une nouvelle phylogénie pour le lapin et présente les différentes phases de dispersion des taxons à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. Ainsi, plusieurs événements de type expansion des populations, recolonisation des territoires depuis des zones refuges et extinctions locales, sont mis en évidence en réponse aux changements climatiques globaux. Ces résultats permettent de discuter la présence de ces petits gibiers dans l’environnement et alimente le débat sur les relations entre ces espèces et les communautés humaines. Leur augmentation significative dans la diète des groupes humains à la fin du Paléolithique supérieur, ne semble pas seulement s’expliquer par des changements cognitifs, culturels ou économiques, mais coïncide davantage avec les variations biogéographiques de ces espèces. / Fossil remains of small mammals of the Leporidae family are abundant in numerous paleontological and archaeological deposits from the Quaternary. Many species are endemic to Western Europe, which makes them reliable markers of change in the ecosystems in which prehistoric human societies evolved. Paradoxically, morphological variability of leporids is still poorly understood and current phylogeny remains a subject of debate. This work focuses on the morphometric diversity of rabbits (Oryctolagus) and hares (Lepus) over nearly two million years of evolution. We applied osteometry and geometric morphometric analyzes to bone and dental remains of current populations and 73 fossil samples from perimediterranean regions (Spain, France, Italy, Portugal) during different moments of the Pleistocene. These data provide insights concerning Leporidae adaptations to environmental change as well as more general evolutionary trends. Here we propose a new phylogeny for the genus Oryctolagus and present different dispersion phases for Western Europe. Several population expansion events coupled with the recolonization of refuge areas and local extinctions are highlighted in response to global climate change. These results allow us to discuss the presence of these small game species in the environment and contribute to the debate concerning relations between leporids and human communities. Humans have regularly consumed leporids since at least the Middle Paleolithic. Their significant increase in the diet at the end of the Upper Paleolithic, however, cannot be explained solely by cognitive, cultural or economic changes but rather coincides with biogeographic variations of these species.