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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Illegitimacy in a handloom weaving community : fertility patterns in Culcheth, Lancs, 1781-1860

Gandy, George Nigel January 1979 (has links)
This is a study of illegitimacy in a rural industrial district in which the phenomenon became extremely common during the early nineteenth century, subsequently declining sharply in frequency from around the 1840s to levels reminiscent of the preceding century. In the normal course of events a thesis within the field of socio-economic history will often evolve from the author having first selected a subject, then an approach to its study, and finally a location for implementing or testing his model. However in the present case the subject matter was virtually thrust at the author by his chance acquaintanceship with Culcheth's poor law papers the bulk of which, having been discovered in an attic, passed into his custody in 1965 to be dried out and sorted. The surprising volume of bastardy papers and account books led to a perusal of the parish registers and to the discovery of an illegitimacy ratio sometimes exceeding 30% of registered births. This was sufficiently odd to warrant further investigation, although four years elapsed before the author was in a position to embark on the task ... [see pdf file for full abstract].
2

Origins and adaptation in humans : a case study of taste and lifestyle / Origines et adaptation chez l'homme : étude de cas des goûts et mode de vie

Sjöstrand, Agnès 20 November 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse utilise des approches de génétique des populations et de statistique pour étudier des événements anciens de démographie humaine, inférer de l’adaptation locale dans diverses populations et étudier le déterminisme du goût. En utilisant une approche bayésienne, j’évalue les preuves génétiques d’une réduction de population entre 190 000 et 130 000 ans avant notre ère. Je trouve que les données sont en faveur d’un modèle sans goulot d’étranglement durant cette période. Dans le second article, je développe une méthode destinée à la détection d’adaptation locale basée sur l’étude des haplotypes privés. Appliquée à des données de génotypage, cette méthode permet de détecter des signaux d’adaptation connus chez l’Homme mais aussi d’étendre nos connaissances en matière d’adaptation. J’étudie ensuite les signaux d’adaptation dans des données de génomes entiers de plusieurs populations et montre que le régime alimentaire et les pathogènes ont une influence majeure sur la variabilité adaptative des populations prises en compte. J’étudie dans un dernier article les perceptions gustatives de populations ayant différents modes de vie. Je présente les résultats phénotypiques de perception des goûts, et les associe à des données de génotypage. Je montre que les gènes impliqués dans la perception des goûts ont évolué avec le mode de vie. En effectuant une étude d’association, je montre aussi que les variations dans la perception des goûts impliquent plus de gènes que les seuls gènes codant pour les récepteurs gustatifs. Mes résultats montrent l’utilité des données génétiques denses pour mieux comprendre l’évolution humaine. / This thesis uses population genetics and statistical approaches to investigate early human demography, infer local adaptation in diverse sets of populations, and study the genetic basis for taste perception. Using a Bayesian approach, I evaluate the genetic evidence of a bottleneck between 190,000 and 130,000 years ago and find that the data is in favor of a model without bottleneck at this time point. I further develop a method to detect local adaptation based on frequencies of private haplotypes. Applied to large-scale human genotype data, this method detects known signals of positive selection but also permits to improve knowledge on potential adaptation events in humans. I further investigate patterns of adaptation in whole genome data based on a diverse set of African populations. The results from the regions potentially selected show that diet and pathogens are the common driving forces of adaptation in all studied populations. I last study taste perception in populations differing on lifestyle (hunter-gatherers, farmers and nomad herders). I present taste perception phenotypes for all tastes (sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami) and relate them to high density genotype data. I show that taste and taste-involved genes have evolved with lifestyle. By performing an association study, I also show that variation in taste perception involves more genes than only the taste receptors genes.I covered several topics of human ancient demography and adaptation and show the utility of using large-scale genetic data to better understand human history.

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