No description available.

This paper analyzes the various costs and benefits associated with the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union, specifically with respect to Hungary, though much of the theory can be applied generally across all Central and Eastern European EU member states. It begins with an examination of factors that have potentially slowed Hungary's economic progress on the institutional and macroeconomic level. Next, the political origins and significance of the EMU are considered. EMU membership brings more than economic benefit; it is a symbolic achievement that a country has advanced to a position that allows it to be put in the same category as the more developed economies of the West, and also signals a step towards the “inner circle” of the European Union. Some of the theoretical foundations of monetary and currency unions are then presented: the optimum currency area theory (OCA), the exogeneity theory of OCA, the endogeneity theory of OCA, pro-cyclical fiscal policy as it applies to developing countries, costs of euro area accession, the effects of financial integration, and the effect of euro membership on foreign direct investment (FDI). Then, an empirical overview of how well the monetary union has functioned with respect to expectations is presented. After that, a comparison with Greece is made to determine whether the EMU would consider them as a member even if the criteria were met. Finally, a comparison of Hungary's economic data is juxtaposed with that of the Maastricht criteria.

Béla Bartók was one of the outstanding Hungarian musicians in 20th century, who created and developed his own unique music of style called ¡§Night Music.¡¨ After premiered ¡§The Night¡¦s Music¡¨ (the fourth piece of the piano suite Out of Doors) in1926, Bartók decided the name and characteristics of Night Music, and then placed plentifully such style in his later compositions. Night Music mainly reflects Bartók¡¦s love for nature and concerns about Hungary. With abundant colors of sounds, Bartók depicted vividly the tranquil and dim atmosphere of night. His compositional techniques, mimicked sounds of various nocturnal animals in Hungarian nights, expressing power of nature and breaking the stereotype of quietness about night. The contents of this thesis are divided into three parts besides introduction and conclusion. The first part is Bartók¡¦s career of music, and his compositional style. In the second part, the differences between Nocturne in the 19th century and Bartók¡¦s Night Music will be examined. Then, the Night Music will be discussed in two dimensions: its origin and its features. The third part uses mainly ¡§The Night¡¦s Music¡¨, with supplement of the second movement of Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion, and the second movement of Concerto No. 3 for Piano and Orchestra, in order to analyse the features and the unique compositional skills of Night Music.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: William Parkingson, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 1, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Jena. / Cover title. "Quellenschriften": 2d prelim. leaf.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of History, December 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

This thesis focuses on the dynamic interplay between race and social ties. Even though in sociological studies, race is usually treated as a cause of social segregation, we argue that this is a two-way process. Our approach distinguishes between racial self-identifications and racial perceptions. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the joint effects of these aspects on the prevalence and emergence of social ties in secondary school communities. The second part investigates social effects on racial perceptions. For the analyses, we take a social networks approach, estimating exponential random graph and stochastic actor-oriented models. First, we take a look at the state of racial segregation in friendships and negative ties within communities, and we investigate the dynamic processes that have led to the described state. We also take endogenous network mechanisms into account. We provide evidence that given an initial state of segregation, reciprocity and clustering can maintain the relative infrequency of cross-race friendships in the group, even without (additional) same-race preference. Further, we find that negative ties describe interracial segregation better than friendships: majority students tend to dislike their minority peers, but no such tendencies were found for friendships. Second, we find that minority students tend to overperceive their friends' similarity to themselves in terms of race. Moreover, there is evidence for social influence: classmates tend to accept each other's, especially their friends', opinions about their peer's race. Altogether, both empirical parts of the thesis suggest a hierarchical relationship between the majority and the minority groups: besides majority students' tendency to exclude their minority peers, those who try befriending majorities - but get rejected by them - are more likely to be perceived as minorities. There are also indications of some minority students showing outgroup preference, while others seem to compete against the majority group. This can contribute to the observed emergence of enmity between minority students.

This study investigates the conceptualizations of 'Talk-culture" from the late 19th century through to the 1930s. "Folk-culture" was broadly discussed in this period all over Europe (and Russia) and especially in science (Philologies, Folkloristics) and literature. More precisely, the thesis examines the debates held in the context of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire (Vienna and Prague) around the turn of the century. During this period of accelerating industrialization, commodification and separation of cultural spheres, a significant number of intellectuals and writers were interested in alternative forms of cultural production. As the hitherto disregarded 'Talk-cultures" provide different notions of the artwork and the artist, their interest in 'Talk-culture" and 'Talk-art" is part of the broader discussion of the societal status and function of art and literature at the turn of the twentieth century. Representing a vehicle for the analysis and reflection of current cultural developments, the theorization of folklore and other forms of folk-art seeks responses to the aforementioned processes conceived as culturally problematic. Part Istudies the emergence of 'Volkskunde' as a scientific discipline in Austria. Part IIanalyses the relations between German Philology in Prague and the German-speaking Jews in the Prague Circle,namely Oskar Baum, Max Brad, Franz Kafka and Felix Weltsch. Part 11/ deals with the Russian linguists and folklorists Roman Jakobson and Petr Bogatyrev who came to Prague in the 1920s and sought to develop, in cambining Russian and Western European theories, a new model of 'Talk culture".

The argument of this thesis is that the early success of building DCMR does not mean real consolidation without active non-governmental actors and a dynamic civil society. Drawing attention to the non-state side of civil-military relations is crucial to improving the quality of DCMR. The thesis claims, that the horizontal dimension of the Hungarian CMR has undergone a long and complex learning process. Nevertheless, the civil society component of the Hungarian CMR received less attention and its development was slow and controversial. This process is shown by the case of three types of NGOs (protest, research and educator, and cultural organizations) in Hungary between the late 1980s and 2002. Today tendencies are promising because these organizations are more diverse than earlier and the improving economy could provide additional resources for them. Nevertheless, the state support for improving this activity remained very important but it calls for considering increasingly democratic values. Furthermore, the current status of the defense- and military-related civil society calls for promotion from NATO and the European Union as well. It would be important increasing the attractiveness this field and as a result the civilian participation in it, which could be the basis of the improvement of the quality of democratic civil-military relations.

The representation of the national minorities of Hungary in the historiography of the dualistic era (1867-1918) Imre Tarafás Abstract One of the most problematic questions of Hungarian politics during the dualistic era (1867-1918) was the policy towards national minorities. The population of five nationalities reached or even exceeded one million each. These minorities were not only large in population, but they were also touched by nationalist ideologies, as a result, they declared themselves nations which the Hungarian legislation was not willing to accept. In addition, most of these minorities had federative, or even separatist aims. The 19th century also saw the birth of history as a scientific discipline. Professional historians all over Europe had a crucial task: by construction a national history narrative, they had to legitimize the existence of their nation. This meant that the pas had to be presented as a process which inevitably led to the formation of the 19th century's nation sate. Additionally, history served as a basis for both the Magyars and the nationalities in their argumentation. The central question of the paper is how Magyar historians integrated the national minorities of the country into a national history narrative. The problem is studied in five syntheses on Hungarian history...